1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Ailing Animals. 
AN8WEBS BY D». F. L. KILBOBNE. 
It May Be Tuberculosis. 
We have a cow—our best save one—that 
has not been well for several months. She 
is poor in flesh, though possibly improving 
a little under very careful feeding. Her 
mess of milk holds out nicely—11 to 12 
pounds per day. She is farrow. The better 
feeding increases the flow of milk. She 
sometimes makes a noise in breathing, and 
has at times a slight cough. The opinion 
of those who have looked at her seems to 
be that there is some trouble with the 
glands of the mouth, and once there was a 
slight swelling apparently just back of and 
under the jaw on right side. There is 
often an offensive odor from the breath, 
and I am not sure but there is a similar 
odor from the manure. It has been once 
suggested that there is tuberculosis, but 
from reading station bulletins, I hardly 
think so. Do you think it is a trouble with 
the salivary glands? What shall I do for 
the case? l. h. 
New York. 
The throat trouble you describe is very 
suggestive of tuberculosis of some of the 
glands of the throat. Such symptoms 
might, however, be due to a tumor or 
diseased growth, or to some other dis¬ 
ease of the gland. I would advise hav- 
TUNIS GRADE LAMBS. Pie. -U. 
ing the cow examined by a competent 
veterinarian, and if the cause of the 
trouble cannot be otherwise ascertained, 
apply the tuberculin test for tubercu¬ 
losis. 
Contagious Catarrh or Ophthalmia in Sheep. 
1. What ails my sheep? Their eyes 
commence to run water as though they 
had got something into them, sometimes 
only one at flrst, but the other will soon 
be sore, and sometimes both eyes are taken 
at once. After about one week there will 
be a film over the eyes, and they are blind. 
The sheep appear well otherwise; there 
has not been any one of them that has 
got over it yet. 2. What will cure barn 
itch on cattle? s. w. 
V’^ermont. 
1. Confine the sheep in a comfortable, 
darkened stable, but where there is good 
pure air. Supply fresh drinking water 
daily, and feed some succulent food, such 
as roots, potatoes, apples or silage. Give 
each sheep two to four ounces (accord¬ 
ing to the size of animal) Epsom salts 
with one or two teaspoonfuls ginger, dis¬ 
solved in a half-pint warm water, and 
administered by drenching. If the eyes 
are infiamed, a wet bandage can be 
tied over the eyes until the infiammation 
is reduced. Whenever the white film 
forms over the eye put two or three 
drops of a solution of two to three grains 
nitrate of silver in an ounce of soft 
water, and repeat daily. 2. For barn itch 
try treatment for lice frequently advised 
in these columns. 
Horse Thin in Flesh. 
1 have just purchased a mare 10 years 
old, weighing 1,000 pounds, very thin in 
flesh. She should weigh 1,150 or 1,200. She 
is sound in wind and limb; eye bright, ap¬ 
petite flrst ciass; stools natural and seem 
to indicate good digestion. I see no indi¬ 
cation of worms. I know nothing of her 
recent history, but the man who had her, 
a green horse from the West five years 
ago, sold her because she was nervous and 
he “could not keep flesh on her.” He has 
the reputation of being “hard on horse¬ 
flesh." 1 have only work enough to exer¬ 
cise her the next three months. What is 
the best course to pursue? She has com¬ 
menced to shed her coat, and condition of 
bowels does not seem to indicate that 
physic is required. What grain shall I feed? 
I am using cornmeal; also giving her pop¬ 
lar bark green, which she eats freely. Is 
there any danger that such a horse can¬ 
not be put in good condition? e. d. o. 
Massachusetts. 
There are some nervous horses that 
will never put on much fiesh, even with 
the best of care and feeding, and this 
mare is probably one of them. As a 
general tonic, give one of the following 
powders in her feed night and morning: 
Powdered gentian, ginger and nitrate of 
potash, of each eight ounces, powdered 
nux vomica, four ounces, Epsom salts, 16 
ounces; mix and divide into 32 powders. 
I would suggest replacing one-half of the 
cornmeal by three parts of ground oats 
or bran and middlings, and one part lin¬ 
seed or oil meal. 
Hog Cholera and Swine Plague. 
Can the hog cholera arise in any locality 
spontaneously, or only by contagion? 
What is best to do after it is discovered 
to be in a herd? What are the proper pre¬ 
cautions to prevent it? After one attack, 
will the animal be immune from a second? 
Westover, Md. O. s. 
The epidemics of swine disease in this 
country are now known to be due to at 
least two contagious diseases, known as 
hog cholera and swine plague. These 
two diseases resemble each other very 
closely, both in their symptoms and in 
their effect upon the animals, so that in 
most cases an autopsy, or even a micro¬ 
scopical examination, is necessary in 
order to determine definitely which dis¬ 
ease is present. The two diseases may 
appear independently, or as is very com¬ 
monly the case, both appear in the same 
outbreak. The hog cholera is not known 
to arise spontaneously, but is always 
due to the introduction of the specific 
germ into a herd from an infected herd 
or locality. The infection may be car¬ 
ried by any animal having access to dis¬ 
eased animals or their products; by 
water or by straw or other litter blown 
from one yard to another. The charac¬ 
teristic lesions of hog cholera are 
hemorrhages, particularly in the spleen, 
lymphatic glands, and in the subcutan¬ 
eous, submucous and subserous connec¬ 
tive tissues; and ulceration of the mu¬ 
cosa of the caecum and upper portion of 
the colon, or larger intestine. 
The swine plague, unlike the hog 
cholera, may under favorable conditions 
arise spontaneously. The germ of swine 
plague is normally present in the air 
passages of nearly all swine, but in a 
mild or non-virulent form. Under cer- 
A WHITE LAMB WITH RED IX)AT. Fig. -1.5. 
tain conditions this mild form of the 
germ may acquire sufficient virulence to 
cause an outbreak of the disease, which 
may be spread by contagion from one 
herd to another, as in hog cholera. The 
characteristic lesions of swine plague 
are infiammation of the lungs, infiamma¬ 
tion of serous membranes, and conges¬ 
tion or infiammation of the intestines. 
One attack of either disease usually pro¬ 
tects the animal from a second attack. 
For the prevention and treatment of the 
disease, I would advise you to send to 
the Bureau of Animal Industry, United 
States Department of Agriculture, for 
Farmer’s Bulletin No. 24 on hog cholera 
and swine plague. Should an outbreak 
I t3 
of either disease occur in your vicinity 
I would suggest that you write Dr. D. E. 
Salmon, Chief of the Bureau cf Animal 
Industry, Washington, D. C., for the 
serum treatment of hog cholera and 
swine plague. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
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