1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
i3i 
COMSUHPTION m POULTRY. 
The Oregon Experiment Station (Cor¬ 
vallis) has issued in Bulletin No. 64 a 
very interesting account of several poul¬ 
try diseases. Avian tuberculosis is a 
contagious disease almost exactly like 
consumption in man or animals. The 
germs of this disease, while growing in 
the body of the animal appear to be al¬ 
most identical with those in mammals, 
except that they are larger and more 
vigorous. It has not been demonstrated 
that these germs will live and thrive in 
humans or animals. It was not found 
possible to inoculate guinea pigs with 
the fresh tubercles, although it cannot 
be said definitely that tuberculous hens 
are not dangerous as food. Several cases 
.4 CONSUMPTIVE HEN. Fig. 53. 
of this disease were studied at the Sta¬ 
tion, Fig 53 showing the appearance of 
the hen in the last stages of the disease. 
This hen was a grade Plymouth Rock. 
In ordinary health she would have 
weighed about four pounds, but disease 
had so reduced her that she weighed 
but 22 ounces. When examined it 
was found that the disease was large¬ 
ly in the digestive tract and liver, which 
were largely covered with tubercles. The 
lungs were not seriously attacked. The 
following statement concerning symp¬ 
toms of the disease is taken from the 
bulletin: 
The first noticeable symptom of this dis¬ 
ease is, generally, lameness; the bird be¬ 
comes more or less mopy, and gradually 
loses flesh until at the time of death It is 
a mere framework with feathers. The 
appetite is good throughout its sickness, 
at times it even becomes ravenous for 
food, and although It eats heartily this 
does not seem to appease the hunger. 
Toward the latter stages of the disease 
there is nearly always a persistent 
diarrhea, and the evacuations are accom¬ 
panied by a discharge of a white or yel¬ 
lowish viscid matter. In all the speci¬ 
mens received, this matter was carefully 
examined, and in each case the tubercle 
bacilli were found in countless numbers. 
When the tubercle on the intestine reaches 
a certain period of its growth, there is a 
breaking down of the Intestinal wall, and 
the germs are passed out with the feces, 
thus accounting for the rapid transmission 
of the germs from fowl to fowl, for in 
nine cases out of ten, the chickens’ food 
Is contaminated with their excrement. 
To illustrate the danger of spreading 
this disease, the writer was called to visit 
a farm where it was found that 50 chickens 
had died of tuberculosis. In order to call 
LEG OF CONSUMPTIVE HEN. Fig. h4. 
the chickens together for our inspection, 
the owner scattered a handful of wheat 
on the ground of a run, where six choice 
blooded fowls had died some time previous; 
some of the wheat fell on the fresh ex¬ 
crement, and upon picking up several ker¬ 
nels with forceps, the under side of each 
was found to be soiled, but a chicken w’ould 
not hestitate picking it up and swallowing. 
So if there were one sick bird passing 
germs, it would be only a matter of time 
that all would become Infected. This of¬ 
fered an excellent opportunity to point out 
the danger of feeding in this manner. 
In some cases the leg of the fowl is 
also attacked. Fig. 54 shows a case 
where the leg has been inoculated with 
the tubercle germ by picking it with an 
infected beak, or from some other ex¬ 
ternal injury. The growth on the joints 
of the leg contains the germs in consid¬ 
erable numbers, and a hen in this con¬ 
dition should, of course, be removed 
from the fiock at once. The bulletin 
states that, while there appears to be 
no record where consumption can be 
traced from fowl to man with fatal re¬ 
sults, such a thing is always possible. 
The fiesh of a fowl afflicted with Avian 
tuberculosis cannot be wholesome as an 
article of food, and should never be 
eaten. Another disease discussed is the 
ordinary one of scabies or scaly legs. 
A picture of a scaly leg is shown at Fig. 
55 to indicate the difference between this 
and tuberculosis. As is now pretty well 
known, the scaly leg is caused by the 
presence of a mite which penetrates be¬ 
neath the scales. This forms an irrita¬ 
tion which results in white powdery 
crusts, which raise the scales on the leg 
from their position. The mites are found 
only on the inner surface of the crust, 
and in order to treat them properly the 
scales must be first removed. The leg 
should be soaked for a sufficient time in 
warm water to which some soap has 
been added. When they are well soft¬ 
ened the loose scales may be removed 
without causing the leg to bleed. After 
this has been done the legs are dried and 
treated with a good coat of ointment 
made by mixing one or two drams of 
balsam of Peru with one ounce of vase¬ 
line. Where the crusts are soaked away 
and this balsam applied, a cure is not 
difficult. In cases of tuberculosis of the 
leg, which much resembles the scaly leg, 
the growth cannot possibly be removed 
in this way. 
FEED FOR BROOD SOWS IN WINTER. 
With many things Prof. Plumb has to 
say on the above topic, in answer to 
P. E, L., on page 89, of The R. N.-Y., I 
fully agree, but with some 1 most em¬ 
phatically disagree. He says; “Up to 
the last month befote farrowing feed a 
ration half shorts and half cornmeal.” 
Nothing could be much worse, except to 
increase the proportion of cornmeal. At 
no time after being bred would I feed 
a brood sow any cornmeal. It is con¬ 
stipating, fattening and heating, and 
contains very little of the material from 
which to build the bones of the young 
pig. Nothing so good as wheat mid¬ 
dlings unless it be bran, reground so as 
to make it very fine. This is cooling, 
laxative, has plenty of bone material 
and also muscle and blood formers, and 
should constitute the entire grain ra¬ 
tion. Artichokes and potatoes make a 
very good sow food, but I do not con¬ 
sider either as good as mangels, which 
are a very well-balanced ration, and he 
need not stop at three pounds a day. 
Nor would I cut them. It is better to 
feed them whole, as by eating them 
when so fed the sow will get the needed 
exercise. 
We winter our brood sows in warm 
quarters, put them in roomy pens, 15 in 
a pen, 32x48 and nine feet high, and feed 
all the mangels they will eat, about a 
half bushel to a 350-pound sow. Give 
them all the good clover hay they will 
eat, and from two to three pounds of 
middlings or reground bran. If one has 
skim-milk it is a splendid addition, and 
may supplement a part of the mid¬ 
dlings or bran. I would not make the 
grain food into a slop; just put enough 
liquid with it to moisten it so as to be 
eaten readily. If one believes with 
Prof. Plumb that they should have more 
exercise than they will get eating clover 
hay and whole mangels he should get 
into the pen and stir them around gent¬ 
ly, but not more than necessary. We 
never take any trouble of this kind, and 
never under any circumstances let them 
out in the cold. Our sows farrow and 
raise on an average about eight pigs 
each and they come strong and active, 
and ready to help themselves, and P. E. 
L. may be sure that if he will so winter 
his brood sows he will never have a 
cannibal to deal with. Corn is all 
right to feed in a limited way to a fat¬ 
tening hog, but has no business to be 
made a part of the ration of a brood 
sow. Be sure to keep pens dry and 
well littered and ^hen if sows want to 
root let them root, it won’t hurt them. 
J. 8. WOODWARD. 
Rabbits and White.—To keep rabbits 
trom gnawing small fruit trees, we tie a 
strip of white cloth about the tree. The 
strip is perhaps an inch wide and two feet 
long. It is tied about two feet above the 
ground. The ends are left loose to flutter 
in the wind. It may be, as Ernest Seton- 
rhompson suggested, in his delightful 
bTOk, Wild Animals I Have Known, that 
white is the rabbit’s danger signal. At 
any rate, not a tree has been hurt, for 
two years, in an orchard of 700 trees, since 
adopting this plan. m C p 
Ross Co., O. 
Fertility guaraDleed. By the sitting 
^ U U A or hundred. 23 varieties of prize-wln- 
, , ^ land and water fowls. Big Cata¬ 
logue free. Our guarantee means something. 
PINE TREE FARM, Box T, Jamesburg, N. .1. 
INCUBATOR EGGS. 
Barred Plymouth Books exclusively. 
$8 per 100. 
C. A. H ALL , Oak Hill, Greene Co., N. Y. 
Imperial Pekin Ducks 
at MAP1.E: FARM DUCK YARDS. 2,500 breeding 
birds, all carefully selected from many thousands. 
1 he largest and best birds on this continent. Birds 
not akin, from 40 different yards. Eggs in season: 
fertility guaranteed. My book.Natural and Artl- 
ticial Duck Culture,*' with each order for birds or 
oggs. See what Boston marketmen say about our 
birds. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. The Alouarch 
Incnuator is still ahead. Send for catalogue. 
JAMES RANKIN, South Easton, Mass. 
InA|||% a4ai* 0 Cheapest. For Circular 
lllvllllflilir Saddress G. 8. Singer,Cardington.O 
INCUBATORS 
From 95.00 Up. 
BROODERS FROM $8.80 UP. 
Free Catalogue. 
Ij. a. bant a, Ugonler, Ind. 
DOES IT HATCH? 
I That is the bef^nninsr and the end of the incnt>aior | 
1 problem. TMm BmniBm Hatchor 
' hatches every hatchable ei??. 
rWchicks from 50 em notunusal.SO DAYS ' 
I FREE TRIAL. Send4cforCatalogNot^ 
[Buckeyi Incubator Co.,Springfield. 0. 
VICTOR 
INCUBATORS 
are made is many aizas to meat 
•▼ary want. Rallabla, a i m p 1 a . 
■alf-raralating. Oironlar fraat 
oatalogua 6 oanta. 
810 . UTIL CO., Qalmay, m. 
200-Egg Incubator 
for $ 12.00 
Perfect in oonatmction and 
action. Hatches every fertile 
egg. Write for catalogue to-day. 
GEO. H. STAHL. Quincy, III. 
YOU OUGHT TO KNOW 
everything between the covert 
of our 
ZOthCENTURY POULTRY BOOK 
m order to beat succeed in the poultry busl'- 
ness. It tells everything necessary and no 
more. It’sacompend of poultry knowl« 
’ edge. Among other things It fully describes 
Reliable Incubators and Brooders, which are known 
and used all over the world. We mail the boos for 10 cents as long 
as they last. Hurry your order in at once. 
Reliable Incubator & Brooder Co., Box B-101 Quincy, Ills. 
“Don’t Forget the Name” 
Pineland 
Incubators 
and Brooders, 
built on 19 years’ experience. 'The 
simplest and most sensitive regulator, 
most scientiflc method of ventilation. 
Highest Percentage of Hatches. 
Our catalogue explains why they are al¬ 
ways successful. Our Brooders are not 
excelled by any other brooder made. 
Well constructed, easily controlled, and 
have large capacity. Catalogue Is free. 
; Pineland Incubator & Brooder Co. 
Bux P JamCHbu rg, N. J. 
COOK YOUR FBED and SAVft 
Half the Cost—with the v 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties ita 
kettle in one minute. The simpleet 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Slaves, Water and Steam 
Jacket Kettles, Hog Soalders, Cal* 
drone, oto. 9^ Send for oirculara. 
D. K SPERRY ,k CO., Batavia, HA. 
Roath Ia I lAA Hens and Chicks 
Ulialll lU LIUU 64-page Book FREE. 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box307, Apponaug, R. 1. 
KFfP Tut II AT 111 n.oa inoa. loy luivau 
in tin ni ll, roand to be profitable. 
Fetding plenty of rooto sad v.getsbles wtU do It Onr 
•AnI^R JUNIOR ROOT AMO VEOETAILE CUTTER 
cots sU root, and vegetables fast »nd fine. Easily con- 
snmsd by chicks and dncklings. Send for free booklet 
0 R THOMPSON & SONS. VPSILANTI. MICH. 
EASY EGG MONEY 
A man can easily make money selUnf^ theegga- 
He can get the egga aurc —twice as many, If he will feed hie hen. 
on Green Cat Bone. No better way to prepare It than with 
ADAM’S 
GREEN BONE 
CUTTER 
It cute on the shear plate principle. Takes off 
• fine ribbon like piece, easily consumed by the ' 
chicks or fowls. No ^arp splinters to injure throat, i 
Turns easily. Only ball-Maring cutter made. For hand or power 
CatalogueSo.88 free. W. J. ADAM, JcllOt, III. 
Twelve Hons 
anda STEARNS BONE CUTTER will pro¬ 
duce more eggs than twenty hens on otlier 
feed. Properly prepared green cut bone 
increases lay from fifty to several hun¬ 
dred per cent. Send tor book “ How 
to Make Poultry Pay. and catalogue of 
bone cutters, grit crushers, etc., free. 
E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 20 Syracuse. N V 
FAT AND SLICK 
That’s tbe way you wantyourlivt 
stock. Why not grind, your 'iced, 
maka H go farther -'vnd get It 
allt Grind It yourself with ihs 
STAR FEED GRINDERS 
the best all around feed mill made. 
Runs with tbe least power* Nover 
chokes. Grinds all kinds of grain and 
whole eareorn, dry.dampor frosen. 
Also make sweep mills. Catalog free. 
Blfg* Co* ISBepotStof NewtexingtoOiO* 
Do You Keep Chickens 
M»lse 100% more. You want 
Wilson’s New Green Bone Shell Cutter 
Send for circular and testimonials, 
WILSON BROS.. Sole Mfgrs., EASTON, PA. 
SOVARIETIES. 
I breed fine poultry on one of the best equipped poultry 
farms In the world. Semi 8c in atanipe for new WOl Book, 
telling all aboot 50 varieties, with special prlcesonfowls 
andegge. B. H. CREIDER, Florin, Pa. 
8"''y"o*oM“:!SPOULTRY 
Almanac for 1901, i«o page., ovu 
ilOO illustrations of Fowls, Incubators, &o<^srs, 
/Poultry Honsos, ste. How to raisseblcksnssuccsss- 
fully, their cars, disaasas and ramedlat DiagrasM 
with full daseriptlons of Poultry housas. All 
about lasnbatora, Broadars and thoroughbred 
Fowls, witti lowest prices. Price only 15 cants. 
C. C, SHOEMAKEB, Bax 109, Freeport, lU. 
SEND FQg FREE CATALOGUE. 
Prairie Slate lacabator C*., 
Boater OU7, Pa. 
SPECIAL PRICES 
80 Day* Trial on 
NONESUCH and Brooder.. 
Saif rocmlatina. Automatic egg 
tray. Perfect ventilation. Price’ 
SlOandnp. Fully guaranteed 
for catalog. 
FOREST INCUBATOR CO., Forest, Ohio 
The Star incubator 
is best because simplest in construction 
and in operation. _ Hatches every hatch- 
able egg. Positive directions and no 
moisture. Perfect hatchers. 60-egg size, 
$6. Illustrated catalogue free. 
_ STAR INCUBATOR CO.. 
^ 38 Church S.treet, Bound Brook, N. X 
New York Office; 38 Vesey Street 
INCUBATORS %FARM 
a simple io operation, 
in results. That’s tbe 
must be simple 
sure ' 
SURE HATCH INCUBATOR. 
anybody can run it, because it 
runs Itself. Send for our free 
catalog and see for yourself how 
very successful it has been on 
the farm. It also deecrll^s our 
OommoD Sense Folding 
Brooder. We Pay the Freight. 
nrooaer. we ray toe rreignt, 
SIIBP. HATCH INCUBATOB CO., Quf Ccater, Nibrute 
They Never Fail 
You cannot afford to risk 
good eggs in a poorincuba- 
tor or good chicks in a poor 
brooder. There is no need 
of doing it. The 
MARILLA 
Incubators and Brooders 
never disappoint. They are made of such good 
materiai, in such a thorough manner, and nave 
80 perfect a system of regulating heat and moist¬ 
ure that they are absolutely certain in results. 
They are sold on a positive guarantee. Your 
money back if yon want it. Send two cents for 
catalogue and learn why they are the leaders. 
Twelve years’ success benind them. 
Manila Incubator Co. Box 46. Rose Hill, N. Y. 
Poultry Keepinq 
__. _- .ST . . ^ 
IN ALL II 8 BUANClItS.” This is the title and theme of our new Year Book. Contains iy2 
pages, 81 U in. ; 200 new and original illustrations of best poultry farms,buildings,etc..in the coun¬ 
try. Deals with every phase of the poultry industry in an Instructive and profit bringing wav. 
ture, self-ventliatlng and regulating CYPHERS INCUBATORS, SKfoS 
three or more tests or money refunded. Sent for lOc in stamps. Ask for book mi Circular and prices free 
Addresg nearest office. OYPUKU8 INCUBATOK CO., Booton.Mass., w nyland, N. Y.,ChlcagoJ 
