276 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
April 13 
THE EXTREMES OF DAIRYIHG. 
Which Class Are You In ? 
The Average Cow’s Yield. —For a 
long time careful statisticians claimed 
that the average pi’oduction of milk per 
cow in New York State was 3,000 
pounds. Because there were many 
dairies producing more than this, there 
must have been many which produced 
less. The later opinion is that the 
amount is nearer 4,000 pounds. The 
average price of milk to the producer 
will not exceed one cent per pound; in 
many cases not near that is obtained at 
the shipping stations. The cost for food 
is usually considered to be $35 per year, 
varying according to size of the cow and 
notion of the feeder as to the desirabil¬ 
ity of wearing her out in a short time. 
Cows giving below 3,500 pounds of milk 
at $1 per 100 pounds do not return 
enough to pay the market price for their 
food. Strange to note, lots of them are 
kept. Cows giving 4,000 pounds pay a 
fair price for the hay and grain, if one 
is willing to care for them for the ma¬ 
nure; and is not particular about loss by 
accident, depreciation in value by age, 
and interest on their (investmefht) 
value, which reduces price received for 
the food below market value again. The 
only excuse for keeping such cows is the 
fact that they furnish a home market 
for much which is not readily salable, 
nor easily marketed, and furnish em¬ 
ployment. In short, they are the “scav¬ 
engers of the farm,” turning raw ma¬ 
terial, not first-class, including much 
time of hired help, mornings and even¬ 
ings, into a cash product, but the owner 
of such cows pays for the manufactur¬ 
ing, in the lessened price received for 
his own labor and all first-class stuff re¬ 
quired to finish out the year. 
An Estimate. —At Bridgewater insti¬ 
tute Mr. Sholes gave his reports in an¬ 
swer to the question: “What does a 
quart of milk cost?” 
The cost of running' iny farm for 1900 was: 
Interest on farm and stock. $450.00 
Depreciation on slock and repairs.. 200.00 
Taxes . 50.00 
Paid for help and board.. 619.00 
Twine . 10.00 
Fertilizer . 33.80 
Grass seed . 23.50 
Feed . 323.00 
Total cost of milk.$1,709.30 
81,364 qts. milk, cost, per qt., .021. 
Received for milk.$1,753.23 
Net profit . $43.93 
This shows that the milk sold for but 
little above actual cost of production. 
With extreme care and experience a few 
can equal this record. 
Farmer’s Salary. —Mr. Southworth, 
in reply to the question: “What can a 
dairy be made to pay,” gave the figures 
for 16 cows for 1900: 
Sold from March to March. 
Milk .142,226 lbs. 
Amount per cow. 8,889 lbs. 
Received for milk.$1,481.89 
Average price, per 100 lbs. 1.04 
Average per cow. 92.61 
Cost of Milk. 
Feed purchased . $438.79 
Paid for grinding. 34.19 
Thrashing and silo filling— 24.60 
Phosphate . 29.20 
Hay, 31/4 tons. 35.00 
Help, farm and house. 274.00 
Personal salary . 240.00 
Interest . 185.00 
up to a record of over 7,000 pounds, wore 
good clothes and were contented look¬ 
ing. There seems to be more satisfac¬ 
tion in the higher class! 
“Southworth doesn't keep a poor cow. 
He buys and sells. If a cow dries up or 
goes wrong, she goes. When sue has 
milked nine months he trades for a fresh 
one,” said one. “That is so! But I have 
known of ~.s selling a cow fresh only a 
week, if he got his price,” said another. 
Hence i conclude the first reason for 
Mr. Southworth’s success is that he is a 
good judge of a cow, and he uses his 
knowledge. I know of cows in my own 
neighborhood with only two teats wnich 
give sm 11 messes, that have been re¬ 
tained several years. 
“He feeds more dollars’ worth of grain 
per cow than some farmers do of all 
food combined. That would ruin me,” 
remarked one. 
“He knows just what each cow will do 
and will not feed a cow unless she will 
pay for it. Failure to pay ruins the cow, 
not him,” was the reply. 
“He cuts his hay green—has oats and 
pea hay, a good quality of silage and 
does his part so a cow has no excuse,” 
drawled another. “Most of us are too 
lazy to do our part.” 
“He has a river-bottom farm and can 
grow more soiling fodder on one acre 
than the hill farmer can n four. There 
is where his advantage comes in,” re¬ 
marked one. 
“I think it’s because he keeps grades 
from Holsteins. They swill down the 
milk.” 
“His are not all Holsteins, and once 
in a while he gets hold of a good milker 
among other grades.” Inquiring around 
1 found that the man who could only 
make a living had a farm purchased at 
about $7 per acre, and that some of the 
first importations of Holsteins were 
brought into this section, and left their 
impress on the cows of this county. It 
is plain that a farmers’ institute left an 
impress on a man, and that the cows 
and the man were making an impres¬ 
sion on the whole neighborhood. 
C. E. CHAPMAN. 
A NEW dairy law In Oregon compels 
dairymen to put up butter in one or two- 
pound rolls, full weight. Heretofore they 
have sold by the “roll,” and though the 
rolls were supposed to contain one or two 
pounds, they were often short weight. The 
new law requires every roll to be full 
weight, and also that every roll be wrapped 
in paper stamped “Oregon Creamery But¬ 
ter, Full Weight.” 
Buying Butter.— Let me commend your 
answer to the Indiana boarding-house 
keeper on “Oleo,” page 149. As one who 
boarded for nearly 16 years, while pursuing 
his studies and beginning his professional 
life, I have had some opportunity of seeing 
the deceits that have been carried on by 
those who have intentionally or uninten¬ 
tionally sold adulterated or misrepresented 
goods. If the Indiana boarding-house 
keeper cannot get good butter out there, I 
can direct her to a Boston house that has 
creameries as far apart as New York and 
Iowa, that can serve her an honest article 
at a living price . Of course, she wants no 
other kind and under no other condition. 
p. w. M. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See our guarantee 
^DairyfeED] 
Quaker Dairy Feed maintains the live 
weight. Milch cows, ted on it, continue in 
the best form and remain free from dis¬ 
ease. With common sense and Quaker 
Dairy Feed, milk fever, garget, and other 
common troubles are unknown. 
Sold only in Sealed and Branded Sacks. Each sack stamped with 
analysis of contents, showing guaranteed 12.03 per cent, of Protein. 
If your dealer does not keep Quaker Dairy Feed, send his name 
to us and get a free copy of “Modern Dairy Feeding.” 
THE AMERICAN CEREAL CO., 
1839 Monadnock Bldg., Chicago. 
Quaker Dai^ 
Feed 
A MUk.Cooler 
is a device for cooliiiK milk quickly 
Just after it is taken from the cow. 
S The object is to expose every par¬ 
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it and driving out all bad odors 
and germs which spoil milk very 
quicldy and reduce its value. 
The Petition Nllk Cooler and Aerator 
does this quicker and better than any other, Send for 
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L. R. LEWIS, Manfr.. Box 12. Cortland. N. Y. 
THE MIETZ & WEISS 
Kerosene Engines 
Cheapest and Safest 
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128 Mott Street, Ne’w York 
CHARTER 
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’ Stationarie0, Portables, X!ngine» 
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FARNI.TRUCKS and STEEL WHEELS 
for your OLD WAGONS are 
sold direct to the farmers by 
THE FARriERS 
HANDY 
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Saginaw, nich. 
NATIONAL 
Hand Separator 
You needn’t run the slightest risk 
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skimming with it for ten days 
1 
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^ You won’t be under 
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Test the National by 
the side of any other 
separator made. Ifyou 
don’t say the National 
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we’ 11 take it back cheer¬ 
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National Dairy Machine Co. 
Newark, N. J. 
Milk will 
much longer when treated with our 
Champion ” "’‘AlraC. 
It takes out and kills the germs which 
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CHAMPION MILK COOLER CO.. 
nSquireiSt., Cortland, H. T. 
Hours Longer 
keen fresh and sweet that 
Total .$1,264.78 
Received for net profit. 217.11 
Average cost of feed purchased, 
per cow . $27.42 
Average received per cow, less 
purchased feed . 65.19 
Instances of dairymen making inter¬ 
est on investment and a net profit are 
rare enough to provoke discussion, and 
a “salaried farmer” an innovation. 
How It Was Done.—A group of farm¬ 
ers were seated in the sunshine after 
dinner, and I listened with interest to 
their opinions. “I thought 1 had a good 
herd; my record is 7,500 pounds,” said 
one. “I had nearly 8,000 pounds,” said 
another, “but I had nothing to say when 
he was done.” “My boy and I work 
every minute, and just live, just come 
out even. I uo not believe the yarn,” 
said a third—tired, hard-worked, wist¬ 
ful-looking farmer. There were eight 
in the group, and all but this one owned 
DE LAVAL 
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THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR GO. 
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It’s Almost 
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the amount of time, labor and money this machine saves 
say nothing of increased crops its use will produce. 
It spreads all kinds of manure, 
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