3o8 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 27 
The Cornell Reading Course. 
Edited by John Vrahj, Professor of Uid- 
versity Extension, and, Editor F<trmers'’ 
lieadiny Course, Cornell University, 
Ithaca, N, Y. 
Orchard Management. 
1. I have some apple trees that are fii’l 
of blossoms every year, and set eiio\igh 
I'liiit, but keep falling the whole season 
until there is none to i)ick by the time 
they are ripe, which is August 25. 1 do 
not know the name of them. What is the 
matter? 2. Are Gano and Btayman good 
varieties of apples for this district? 3. 
What is the remedy for Woolly aphis? 4. 
1 have been told that it is best to use lime 
on the ground where cow peas are to be 
plowed under, or they will sour the ground. 
Get me know how you handle them. 5. 
What kind of fertilizer would you advise 
using on a i)each orchai'd, three and lour 
years old? Would 1 receive any benefit 
from wood ashes used this Spring in this 
year’s crop? i"'- s. 
New Hurley, N. Y. 
As a rule the loss from dropping of 
early apples is much greater than that 
of Winter fruit. This loss may be 
traced to two principle causes; First, 
imperfect pollination; second, injury 
due to in.sects and fungi. Imperfect pol¬ 
lination means partial self-sterility. 
The blossoms are unable to fertilize 
themselves. This may be overcome by 
intermingling varieties which blossom 
at or about the same time. The second 
difficulty is overcome by spraying. No 
fruit grower or farmer with an orchard 
can afford to omit this necessary farm 
practice. In Bulletin No. 114, Cornell 
Experiment Station, directions are given 
for the preparation and application of 
sprays which destroy insect and vege¬ 
table parasites. 2. Gano and Stayman 
are two varieties of apples belonging to 
the Ben Davis type. They are favorites 
in the Southwest. I think they will 
give less satisfaction in New York than 
in the Mississippi Valley. They need a 
hot and dry season to give them quality. 
Scions may be secured of any of the 
western nurserymen. S. D. Lake, Shen¬ 
andoah, Iowa, or C, L. Watrous, De 
Moines, Iowa, can no doubt supply you 
with scions or root-grafts of these 
apples. 3. Apple roots which are infest¬ 
ed with Woolly aphis can be treated be¬ 
fore planting by dipping the roots in 
kerosene emulsion. If they are discov¬ 
ered on the roots after the trees are 
planted the cheapest way to eradicate 
them is to dig the trees up and destroy 
them. The roots infested with Woolly 
aphis become knotty and gnarled, and 
the entire growth of the tree is stunted. 
The tendency is, of course, for the in¬ 
sects to spread from one tree to another. 
4. There is no more reason for using 
lime on ground where cow peas are to 
be sown than in the case of any other 
crop. Lime is not a direct fertilizer. It 
is an amendment; that is to say, it tends 
to make available other elements of fer¬ 
tility in the soil. In this way it is valu¬ 
able, but all soils do not need it. In 
some soils there is an abundance ef lime 
present. There is also some danger of 
using too much lime on land, because 
the more plant food released, the more 
humus Is used up, and if this practice 
is continued without adding humus to 
the soil by turning under green crops, 
the land may soon reach a worn-out 
condition. 6. One cannot answer a ques¬ 
tion of this kind satisfactory without 
knowing the character of the soil and 
the condition of the trees. If an or¬ 
chard has been planted on a soil that 
has been cropped for a number of years, 
then on general priaclples I would use 
a nitrogenous fertilizer. If, on the oth¬ 
er hand, the ground is In good heart, it 
is quite probable good results might be 
secured from the application of wood 
ashes. The best guide in this matter is 
the growth that the trees are making. 
If they are growing vigorously you •will 
probably not make any mistake In ap¬ 
plying wood ashes. If, on the other 
hand, the growth is not all that you 
might desire, then I woqld p;se some 
form of nitrogen, either barnyard ma¬ 
nure, bone meal or nitrate of soda. The 
potash in wood ashes dissolves readily 
and should affect the growth of the trees 
the same season if applied in the Spring. 
BEDBUGS AND THEIR KILLING 
It is doubtful whether there is any 
other insect inhabitant of temperate 
climates, so thoroughly hated l)y human 
beings as the bedbug. In the South 
there are many worse pests in the shape 
of bugs, ticks and spiders, some of them 
so small as to be invisible to the naked 
eye, but making a most distressing skin 
irritation. In large towns and cities 
bedbugs are a great nuisance, and, in 
houses where there are a number of peo¬ 
ple who go to work every day in differ¬ 
ent parts of the city, the housekeeper 
nas to be constantly on the lookout for 
bugs. Many of the street cars are so 
infested that anyone who occupies a 
seat for only 15 minutes is liable to take 
home enough vermin on his clothes to 
stock the house. It is comparative!:' 
easy to keep country houses free from 
these pests, as there is not so much go 
ing and coming, and, if a house is once 
thorouguly freed from them it is easilj 
kept so, something impossible in many 
city houses. Nearly all the drug stores 
sell preparations for making way with 
these insects, and there are various sim¬ 
ple remedies, which are more or less 
effective. Benzine or turpentine will do 
the business, and may be put on furni¬ 
ture or cracks in the woodwork of a 
room without doing damage. Corrosive 
sublimate solution is not clean and 
rather unpleasant to use, but it leaves 
a coating of poison wherever it is put, 
which lasts for some time, and no bugs 
will come near it. For a building that 
is badly infested, however, there is prob¬ 
ably no better remedy than a thorough 
fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas. 
This is largely used in the fumigation 
of railroad cars, as it penetrates to every 
crack and does not injure furniture or 
hangings. This gas is formed by the 
union of cyanide of potassium with di¬ 
luted sulphuric acid. It is a most dead¬ 
ly poison to everything that breathes, 
and must be used with the greatest care. 
Following are directions for fumigating 
a room with this gas: Find the cubic 
contents of the room by multiplying the 
height, width and length, in feet, to¬ 
gether, divide this product by 200, and 
the result will be the number of ounces 
of cyanide of potassium needed. In the 
center of the room put an earthen jar 
containing twice as many ounces of 
water as the cyanide required. Add to 
the water 1% time as much strong sul¬ 
phuric acid (about 1.8 specific gravity), 
as the cyanide required. Stop up all the 
cracks in doors and windows to prevem 
the gas from escaping, throw open 
closets and toss up the bedding. Open 
doors and windows of the other rooms 
to allow a free circulation of air 
through the halls. Have the cyanide of 
potassium in a piece of paper; put it in¬ 
to the jar of acid and water; leave the 
room at once, and shut and lock the 
door. Be sure to hold, i/ovr hrcaih from 
the time the cyanide touches the liquid 
in the jar until you are out of the room, 
as the deadly gas is instantly generated, 
and one good whiff might be fatal. In 
about an hour and a half, open the 
room and air thoroughly. The gas ■will 
not injure carpets or curtains, but it Is 
a good plan to set the jar containing the 
acid into a larger vessel, so that there 
will be no danger of the acid spatter¬ 
ing on the carpet when the cyanide Is 
put in. 
Wh*n yea write adrertlsers mention Th» 
R. N.-T. and you will get a quick reply and 
*‘a equare deal.” Bee ovr gruaraatee* 
Vegetable Plants. 
Largo transplanted plants of Cabbage, Tomato, 
Celery, Kgg Plant, Pepper and Cauliflower. Write 
for Catalogue. 
J. B. UUTTON & BON, Conynghani, Pa. 
For Fifty 
Years 
and more, we hare mown and aold nursery atook. 
The largest nursery in New England or the Bast has 
been built up by our plan of mowing only the best 
stock of varieties of known worth. Everything In 
fruit, ornamental trees and shrubs. 
October Purple Plum and Oreeu Mountain 
Grape our specialties. 
Write for handsome catalogue free. 
STEPHEN HOYT'S SONS, 
Kev Cenaan, Cona. 
20,000 
Marlboro anti Cutlibert Kaspberry Plants. 
Strictly tlrst-classfrom young plantation 
A. .1. KRKEl), liomewootl. Pa. 
CUTHBKUT KASPBERRV 
PLANTS. 50 cents per hundred. 
' G. L. A. QUINN, Glean, N. Y, 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS Circular free. 
Address JUNE HILL FAltM, Centerbrook, Conn. 
■plants by Mall.—Sample Strawberry, none belter. 
I.IO plants for $1. Asparagus. 150 plants for J1 
I.ucretla liewberry and Miller Red Raspberry. 10 
plants forfl. K. 8. NKW’COMB, Vineland, N. J. 
ni Ai|TC —Strawberry, cabbage, tomato, pep- 
■ LAn I VI per, sweet potato, cauliflower, celery 
and egg plant. Asparagus roots. Catalogue free. 
CALEB BOGGS & BON, Cheswold, Del. 
E^^TtTbero"'" PENNELL STRAWBERRIES 
this year. Send for Circular and Supplement, What 
the Growers Say, to JOUN W. PENNELL, 
South Norwalk, Conn., Rural J)el. 37. 
Surplus Nursery Stock! 
We offer 8,000 each Klberta, Stump, Chair's Choice 
and Crawford’s Late; 3,000 each Beer's Smock, 841- 
way and Ford’s Late; 1,000 and up of neatly all of 
the other leading varieties in the very best grades 
for orchard use. We offer standard Pear, Plum 
Cherry. Concord Grapes and Houghton and Downing 
Gooseberry in good supply, and we have50,000 me¬ 
dium apples, including 10.000 Vork Imperial. Prices 
right, and trees cleati and well grown. Send list of 
wants when writing for catalogue. 
WOODVIEW NOKSB1UE8, Box 100, Uriah, Pa. 
CROFF’S GLADIOLUS HYBRIDS 
I have arranged with Mr. Groff for the sale of bis 
products in the United States and invlteordors from 
the most critical. My bulbs are not from seed dis¬ 
seminated by him, but from stock grown on his trial 
grounds. Catalogue and particulars on application. 
ARTHUR COWEK, 
Meadowvalo Farm, Berlin, N. V. 
The Minute Man Strawberry. 
Best Northern-grown Strawberry Plants and Aspar¬ 
agus Boots. All sorts of Small Fruit Plants and 
Nursery Stock, grown and for sale by 
GEORGE M. WHEELER. Concord. Mass. 
SCRAPE VINES 
100 Varieties, Also Small Fruits, Trees,Ao. Best root¬ 
ed stock.Oenuine,cheap. S saniplo vines mailed for lOr. 
Oaeorintive price-list free. LKUU KOESCIl, kredools, K.T- 
Ceo. S. Josselyn 
Fbedonia, N. Y. 
INTRODUCER OF 
Campbell’s Harly.The best Grape. 
JOMwelyn .The best Gouseberry, 
■lay - • • • ; - . . . .The best Currant. 
Largo ,lRt of GrapeVines and Small 
Fruit Plants. Catalogue free. 
APF^LE 
CiONS 
FROM BEARING TREES. 
Rome Beauty, Sutton Beauty,On¬ 
tario,Malden Blush.Hubbardston 
J. S. Woodward, Lockport, N.Y. 
Popular Favoriiom 
A new variety and ver>’ early. This 
OKWEV J>e»eh—beats the Triumph. 
Perfect free stone; heavy del tdous, hardy 
pt odneti ve. Tf ee 1 a strong?, vl^foroti t crowe r. 
IMantaomcthiasenHon. Special priccaonearly 
Order*. Catalopie FVee. Write to-day. 
Harrison’s Nurseries Box29 Berlin>Md. 
prices on Peach Trees reduced. Trees kept dormant 
and In good condition until .May 15. Llstofvar. 
on application. U. 8. .Johnston, B. 4, Stockley, Del. 
Plants and Trees Katbbun Blackberry; 
2,000 Pomona and KedCrossA Wilder Currant. Also, 
100,000 Fruit A Ornamental Trees at lowest rates.Write 
for prices. J.awrence Nursery Co., Lawrence, Mass. 
SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL. 
Fruit Foot Fret, Result of 76 years’ experience. 
STAKE BROS., Louisiana, Xo.; Donsvilis, X.T. 
ATATIVE KVBUGHKENS.- Balsam Fir, Arbor 
VltsB, White J’ine, American Spruce and Hem¬ 
lock, (i to 12 inches, at $4 per 1,000; 5,000 for $15. 
I'acking free. Also, transplanted Evergreens at 
lowest prices. Mrs. James A. Root, Skaneateles, N. J 
Shrubs 
Vines 
Hedging 
Tree,s, Shrubs, Vines, Hedging, 
2,000 Rctscli. European and Purple-Leaved. 
3,000 Klina. American and European. 
500 Japan Ginkgo. 
2,000 LlndeuH. Amcrlc.an and European. 
1,000 MagnollaH. In variety. 
50.000 Maples. Norway Sugar, etc. 
10,000 Oaks. IMn, Red, Scarlet and English. 
10,000 Oriental Plane (i to 12 feet. 
75.000 California Privet. 1 and 2 years. 
1.000,000 Shrnbs. All varieties and sizes. 
10.000 Clematis Paulculata. 
lO.lKJO Rosa AVlchuralana, and Hybrids. 
5,000 Rosa Multiflora. .laponica. 
10,000 Honeysuckles. Hall’s, etc. 
5,(K)0 Dahlias. Whole roots. 
100,000 Asparagns. Very strong, 5 varieties. 
2.500 Rhodoueudroii, Azaleas and Kalinias. 
.500.000 Evergreens, of all sizes. Including Hoin- 
lock, Norway, Colorado Blue, Oriental 
and Weeping 8i>ruces. Arbor Vlties, 
Kctlnosporas, Pines In variety, Ko<jt- 
pruned and sheared specimens. 
New illustrated Descriptive Catalogue sent on 
application' 
THE 'WM. MOON CO., 
MOmUSVILLE, I‘A. 
Dwyer’s i8th Annual 
Spring Catalogue 
coiitain.s a thorough description of all the good fruit for 
commercial and garden purposes; also descriptions and 
illiistraiioiis of ormimental trees, plants, vines, etc., for 
beaiiLitytng the home grounds. Mailed free to all who apply lor it, and mention 'J'hk Rtrat. NK'W-Vorkkb, 
This hook is useful and instructive. The colored elates are works of art. Do not fail to write for It at once 
Address T. J. DWYER & SON, Orange County Nurseries, CORNWALL, N. Y. 
1 VARIETIES JAPAN PLUMS fesIS" 
We paid from $l to 16 apiece for trees when Introduced, and many times that for experience. We give 
away the experience, and sell the trees at a nominal price. We have some varieties we know are good, 
and plenty we know nothing about, if you prefer to pay for your own experience. FRKE CATALOCIUB * 
trult Trees, Berry Plants, Uladioll, Dahlias, lioses, Shrubs. Seed Potatoes. Baskets, etc. 
the BTJTIiEB & JEWEIili CO., OBOMWELI., CONN. 
go nCD peak and PLUM, 3 to 5 feet high. 
OO r bll lUU HEALTHY and TKUB TO NAME. Beet varieties 
We sell all kinds of trees and plants at lowest WlioleHale prices. Don’t buy 
until you get our Catalogue, which Is free, or send list of wants for special 
price. Address RELIANCE NURSEKY, Box 10, Geneva, N. Y. 
Cut Prices on Nursery Stock. 
I would be pleased to quote extremely low prices on any of the following; Kieffer Pear, Ben 
Davis Apple, Wickson Plum, Montmorency Cherry, and all leading varieties of the above. Asparagus, 
two-year; Downing Gooseberry, Cuthbert Raspberry. e. A. BENNETT, Robbinsville, N. J. 
Bargains now in two-year Baldwin Apple, 
XX, two-year XX Bartlett and Klefl’er 
Pears. Other bargains in Plum, Cherry 
and Peach. This ad. will not appear again* 
Cayuga Nurseries. Catalogue Free. H. S. W1L.EY, Cayuga, N. Y. 
Grass Seed 
CHOICE RE-CLEANED SEED FOR ALL PURPOSES 
Dreer'i Permanent Pasture Mixture cannot be excelled 
for producing abundant hay crops, and luxurious after- 
math. Full line of all Grasses and Clovers, also special 
mixtures for Lawns, Golf Links, etc. Circular and prices 
on application HENRY A. DREER, Phlla., P». 
SEED-SENSE 
J is mailed FREE to all. 
A Bright Business Catalogue of ninety pages that tells plain truth about BEST SEEDS 
, that Grow. Write a postal card to-day, or send ten cents (stamps or silver) for 
BURPEE'S Quarter-century Farm annual,— a New Book of 220 pages 
fully worth a dollar. W. ATLEE BURPEE A CO., Pr^lLADELPHIA, PA. 
