1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
367 
dmiry mhd farm notes. 
Winter Wheat. —I am surprised at 
the outlook for our Winter wheat crop. 
Last year the Winter was not as favor¬ 
able as I judged it, and we harvested 30 
bushels to the acre. Lewis County is 
not a Winter wheat-growing section. 
Last Fall we seeded 45 acres and looked 
for a good stand. The ground was cov¬ 
ered before freezing, and snow remained 
on till warm Spring weather took it 
away, and but little freezing and thaw¬ 
ing subsequently. The stand is, to my 
surprise, not good. It apparently smoth¬ 
ered worst where the snow was deepest. 
One small piece of two acres was sown 
at)out a week before snow and Winter 
came. It is the only perfect stand. 
Buying Clover Seed. —I am tempted 
strongly to reduce the amount of clover 
to the acre this Spring. It seems like a 
big bill to pay, and cheese prices two 
cents lower than last year. I am trying 
to convince myself, and have a clear 
conscience, that seeding in former years 
has been too heavy. The truth has 
finally conquered, and a few figures 
showed that I could not possibly save 
more than 30 to 40 cents an acre, and 
that would buy just three pounds of ni¬ 
trogen either in cotton-seed meal, dried 
blood or nitrate of soda. Two years ago 
we failed in northern New York to get 
a catch of clover. Thousands of dollars 
have since been spent by the farmers in 
payment for gluten feed and other pro¬ 
tein foods to take its place. 
Purchased Protein. —The growing of 
protein on our farms is the burning 
question to-day for the eastern farmer. 
This continual purchase of such an im¬ 
mense quantity of gluten, linseed, brew¬ 
ers’ grains and other protein food is 
getting burdensome. The seller of milk 
in the East is often accused of drawing 
a can of milk to the station and a bag 
of feed from the mill to the barn. No 
statistics are at hand to show the 
amount of cattle food shipped into a 
locality for a period of years. But in 
the old milk shipping sections of Or¬ 
ange Co., N. Y., feed has been purchased 
liberally for years, and the soil should 
have steadily increased in its crop-pro¬ 
ducing power. I was interested last 
Winter in making inquiries at Pine 
Bush, Unionville, Washingtonville and 
Bloomingburg, when attending insti¬ 
tutes, whether or not the farms were 
yearly increasing in fertility. The great 
majority of answers were m the nega¬ 
tive. A ton of milk contains $2 worth 
of plant food, all removed from the 
farm. As near as I can compute, 500 
pounds of protein food will be pur¬ 
chased for its production; in the Winter 
much more, but in the Summer much 
less. The plant-food value of this 500 
pounds will average $2.50 at a careful 
estimate, and often, when cotton seed is 
fed, perhaps double this amount. The 
farm is therefore receiving more in 
plant food than it carries away, if all is 
saved. The if is the trouble. No section 
of the East is free from this extrava¬ 
gant waste in stable manure. Far-famed 
Orange County, just mentioned, is guilty 
as well as northern and western New 
York. We have been buyers of feed on 
our farms, perhaps too extravagant. We 
have the satisfaction, however, of see¬ 
ing a gradual but constantly increasing 
production. Two causes are responsible 
for the increase; a careful husbanding 
of the manures, using absorbents, and 
getting the manure to the field as soon 
as possible. Increasing fertility not only 
provides for larger crops of corn and 
hay—the great backbone of dairy feed¬ 
ing—but enacts an enabling clause for 
the culture of the protein crops. What 
shall they be? For New York latitudes 
oats, peas and Red clover, with Alfalfa 
where it will thrive. No more satisfac¬ 
tory ration can be compounded than 30 
pounds of silage, not too rich in corn, 
six to eight pounds of oats and peas 
ground, and as much clover hay as the 
cow will clean up and still think she 
would like a little more, all grown on 
our own farms. Available fertility must 
be at hand to do it. 
Neav Pastures. —Cows are being turn¬ 
ed to pasture in some localities as I 
write, where a most scanty subsistence 
will be furnished for tw'o or three weeks, 
and too often all indoor feed will be 
withheld; a serious mistake. I know of 
farmers who repeat it year after year 
without learning the lesson. Of course 
they are short of feed. Then for the 
cows’ sake, if for no economic reason, 
either grow more silage corn or sell 
cows. Keep up the hay, silage and 
grain feed for the cows. I prefer hay 
and grain rather than silage at this 
time; we need to keep the bowels in 
proper condition, and hay aids much in 
neutralizing the looseness of the bowels. 
We have fed many different grains and 
mixtures. I am inclined to prefer wheat 
bran or oats. The succulent grasses 
are not muscle-producing. The cows 
have been standing quiet during the 
Winter, and when they are allowed 
their liberty or required to walk long 
distances in search of food, they need a 
muscle-producing food. Nothing sup 
plies the want as well as oats. Wheat 
bran is usually cheaper; that is, the 
protein content costs less. It is, how¬ 
ever, a narrow food, and does not there¬ 
fore balance the grass food. The oats 
contain more carbohydrates and the 
nerve-producing element as well. 
Garget Treatment. —It is also a dan¬ 
gerous time for garget. Garget comes, 
I am satisfied, from a cold more often 
than we are ready to admit. The udder, 
which has come in contact only with a 
well-bedded warm floor, is altogether 
too sensitive to come in contact witn 
cold, damp ground. Said one of our 
foremen a few days ago: “A man needs 
to be a V. S., understand all about foods, 
and their effect, have patience and the 
ability and disposition to work hard 
every day in order to take care of a 
dairy.” That’s about it. The observa¬ 
tion was brought about by a case of 
garget. Dr. Smead, the well-known in¬ 
stitute worker, and V. S., of our State, 
first gave me the presently accepted 
remedy for parturient apoplexy, and it 
occurred to me that it might also be 
used without danger for garget. We 
have used it with some success; One- 
• 
half ounce iodide potassium dissolved 
in one pint boiled soft water, using it 
as an injection for each teat, or one- 
quarter of it for one teat; one-half for 
two teats. I give this for what it is 
worth. Garget has been a most difficult 
disease to treat, because the animal be¬ 
comes fevered and affected through the 
whole system before the owner is aware 
of it. Be careful that your cows do not 
take cold during the month of May. If 
the cows are not fleshy add a quart of 
cornmeal daily to keep up steam. 
Sheltered Cows.—Cows should be 
kept indoors nights until the ground is 
warm, and then it’s my candid opinion 
that they are very much better off on 
the ground than in the barn, fiffiere is 
certainly a limit to artificial conditions; 
constant stabling, heavy feeding—in 
other words forcing the cows to work 
under milk pressure all the time—is not 
wise. The old custom of outdoor exer¬ 
cise for eight hours a day has been fol¬ 
lowed by an indoor extreme. We have 
one stable full of cows, 50 or more, tnat 
have been working too hard the past 
Winter, and they will have to take a 
rest. One grade Holstein, a 10,000- 
pound cow, has given milk continuously 
for several years. She has now taken 
matters into her own hands, and dried 
up completely six months before she is 
due to freshen again. From past ex¬ 
perience of this kind I expect this cow 
has done her good work. She is getting 
very fat on hay and silage. We shall 
keep her and report later. The advo¬ 
cates of wholly artificial conditions, 
close housing, etc., are honest in their 
conviction, but their judgment has been 
based upon premises entirely different 
from the surroundings of most farmers 
who rear their own stock and keep a 
cow as long as she is profitable. 
H. E. COOK. 
LARGE USERS OF 
CREAM SEPARATORS 
E very large user of separators in the country is now 
using and buying De Laval machines exclusively. 
Nearly all have tried various “cheaper” separators 
and cast aside thousands of dollars’ worth of them. The 
same thing is true in Europe and throughout the world. 
The dairy or farm user may well profit by experience 
of such large users. The difference between a superior and 
an inferior separator are just as material on the farm as in 
the creamery. But the small user may be hoodwinked or 
fail to appreciate the difference while the big user can’t 
long overlook it. 
Send for a 20th Century catalogue and .see for yourself 
what the big users of separators are doing. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
Randolph <fc Canal St8., 
Chicago. 
103 & 105 Miss on St., 
San Francisco. 
General Offices: 
74 CORTLANDT STREET, 
NEW YORK. 
1102 Arch Street, 
P hiladelphia . 
827 Commissioners St., 
Montreal. 
Sharpies “Tubular 
FARM 
Cream Separators 
Fifty Dollars fora HlKh tirade Sharpies Separ¬ 
ator is Takiog Them Off Like Hot Cakes. 
The Buttercup is a beautif u 1 separator 
of the Tubular type, handling 175 lbs 
of milk per hour 
to perfection. Its 
bowl is a plain 
tube only 2 inches 
in diameter and 
weighs a couple 
of pounds. Even 
a small pan of 
' milk can De put 
through profita¬ 
bly and washing 
up will require 
but two or three 
minutes. We or¬ 
iginally thought 
to name it the 
“Finger Separator.” it turned so eas¬ 
ily with one finger. It does its work 
perfectly, giving thick or thin cream, 
of smooth, velvety character, finest 
for table u.se or butter making. 
Tubular Hand SeparatarNund Hteam 
Driven .Sepnrutors for large dairies are 
the delight of every user, they require so 
little power, skim so clean, and are so sim¬ 
ple, easily washed and kep tin order. We 
warrant them to give enough more butter 
from the same milk than any other separ¬ 
ator,to pay over 6%intcre8ton theirwhole 
llrst cost. A free trial to every one. Book, 
•‘BusinessDairying,”&catalog No. 153 free. 
Sharpies Co., P, M. Sharpies, 
Chicago, Ills. West Chester, Pa. 
Cow Sense 
The editor has just received a cata¬ 
logue, illustrative and descrip¬ 
tive of the 
New Improved 
empire: 
CreaLin Separator. 
The author of this book refer.s to it as 
“A Treatise on the Application of Cow 
Sense to the Conduct of the Dairy.” 
which very briefly yet expres-sively de¬ 
scribes it. This catalogue is a departure 
from the general rule. It contains a fund 
of information and “Common Sense” sug¬ 
gestions which cannot help but prove of 
profit and interest to every owner of one 
or more cows. A copy is sent free upon 
request to 
United States Butter Extractor Co., 
Bloomfield. N. J. 
Western Oftlces, Fisher Building, Chicago, Ills. 
ROUND SILO 
THE PHILADELPHIA. 
The only perfect continuous open-front Silo 
CHARTER 
Gasoline Engine 
IT C* r* I’lace 
I Nr 11 “y Any One 
Ar For Any Purpose 
Statiotiarietf Portables, Engines 
and Pnmps, Hoiatera 
Send for Illustrated Catalogue and 
Testimonials. State yonr Power Needs. 
Charter Gas Engine Co., Box 26, Sterling, III. 
THB CHAIN-HANGING 
Cattle Stanchion 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever in 
vented. Gives perfect freedom of the bead, lllnstrated 
Circular and Price free on application. Manufactured 
by O. H. KOBKRTSON, ForestvUie, Conn. 
made. See Open-Top Patent Roof. Ask for 
catalogue. E. F. SCHLICHTEK, 
321 Vine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Also made in the West by DUPLEX MFG. CO., 
South Superior, Wls. 
widefs Stanchion 
i~ an i mprovement over 
fSimth’a. Lightest, strongest, 
qaickeal, gAfest stonchloi 
t Pxi*' Hifliteemtch andsntomatio 
lock. Becomes sUtionarj when 
lopen. Anlmelcenaottnrmltimheek- 
'mgOQt. Medeofbeet ■«MOBed herd 
■wood. PineforfMftenini: with every 
■tanehloD* Send for tMtiznenieia. 
JJIJILDE«4S0K,,JS;,’i.». 
BOTH THEORY AND PRACTICE PROVE 
The Superiority of the United States Separator 
In Theory Its One-Piece Frame, Enclosed Gears Running in 
Oil, Few Parts, Three-Separators-in-One Bowl, and 
Superior Construction in general make it the 
CLEANEST SKIMMING, MOST SUBSTANTIAL, SAFEST, 
EASIEST OPERATED, and MOST DURABLE Separator made. 
In Practice It is daily proving the correctness of our theory, as 
I ■ testified to by pleased users all over the country. 
If interested write for illustrated catalogues containing 
hundreds of letters to this effect. 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO., 
216 
BELLOWS FALLS, VT. 
