43o 
rilE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Juuc 15 
Live Stockand Dairy 
4 SURPRISE IN BREEDING. 
The Hope Farm man recently said 
that he had two young Holstein heifers, 
full sisters, who were nevertheless de¬ 
veloping into two quite different types 
of cows. One was doing what a heifer of 
a milking breed ought to do; growing 
into an animal with the Incurved thighs 
and bony framework and generally un¬ 
defined milky air which are the birth¬ 
right of the cow born to the dairy. But 
the other heifer is building herself into 
a coarse, thick-hided, steer-like looking 
cow; just what she ought not to be. And 
from a theoretical standpoint this is 
strange enough. Unless we knew better 
from experience, we should say that two 
heifers born to one dam from one sire 
should be as alike as two hats made over 
one block. In general they would be 
very much alike, but Nature’s rules, in 
the line of breeding at least, are siibject 
to exceptions. One will have to do very 
little breeding to find that the unex¬ 
pected often happens. Any man fortu¬ 
nate enough to have a family of chil¬ 
dren around his dinner table will not 
have to go abroad to find illustrations 
of the fact that brothers and sisters in 
mental and physical traits apparently 
differ from each other almost as much 
as they differ from the children in the 
next house. And what is true of chil¬ 
dren is just as true of puppies or pigs or 
calves. The truth is that breeding is 
very, very far from an exact science. 
We know that the sum of two and two 
is four. We may bring together two 
chemicals in solution in well-placed con¬ 
fidence as to what the precipitate will 
be. But when we mate two animals, we 
must be prepared for surprises, and 
sometimes for disappointments. 
descend not only to his calves but to 
their descendants. In fact, the names 
which are famous in the history of any 
breed are those of animals which were 
able by virtue of their innate power to 
stamp their excellencies upon their de¬ 
scendants. Thus Stoke Pogis 3d, gener¬ 
ally acknowledged to have been the 
greatest of Jersey bulls, almost invaria¬ 
bly got calves capable of making more 
than 14 pounds of butter per week, re¬ 
gardless of the character of the dam. 
So in general what is sought after by 
the breeder is strong inheritance. Yet 
it must be remembered that variation 
may also be most useful. Without this 
force improvement would be impossible. 
We should be able to breed an animal 
just as good as its progenitors but no 
better. While with good animals varia¬ 
tions usually means a decline from the 
high standard already fixed, it may po.s- 
sibly mean a real advance over any¬ 
thing that has gone before. If such 
variation occurs it is fortunate if there 
is a master at hand wise enough to see 
it. and to secure its preservation. But 
just why these laws of inheritance and 
variation should act so differently in the 
case of these two sister calves is as im¬ 
possible to tell as to account for the ori¬ 
gin of life itself, a problem which Her¬ 
bert Spencer frankly says “cannot be 
explained in chemico-physical terms,” so 
that the great philosopher of evolution 
and the most simple-minded man finally 
reach the same conclusion. 
.).\UKT) V.\N WAOF.XEN, .IK. 
R. N.-Y.—'I’lie heifers referred to are 
mit of a Jersey cow by a Holstein bull, 
d'hey are full sisters, but very different 
in type. _ 
The inexplicable reason is this; that 
every plant or animal which comes into 
the world is subject to two fundamental 
laws of life. These two forces are in¬ 
heritance and variation. No organism 
ever escaped them. Every one tends to 
resemble its parents and its far-off an¬ 
cestry as well, and just as stirely every¬ 
one tends to vary from its type, to ex¬ 
hibit traits not found in its ancestors. 
Such variation may be so marked as to 
be called a “sport” or a “monstrosity.” 
And it is because we cannot with any 
certainty calculate in advance the rela¬ 
tive influence of these forces, or the di¬ 
rection and extent of their action, that 
breeding has at best a good deal to do 
with the theory of probabilities. This 
does not mean that stock-breeding is 
after all a blind gamble on a happy 
chance. While it can never become a 
matter of mathematical certainty in re¬ 
sults, yet men know that there are some 
causes which tend to increase the force 
of inheritance, and decrease the amount 
of variation. We know that the off¬ 
spring of animals which have been long 
bred within certain blood lines—that is, 
old-established breeds—are much less 
likely to show wide variation than 
where the parents are mongrels. Thin 
la the practical benefit of breeds and 
stock association records. In our best 
and oldest breeds this tendency toward 
strong inheritance is pretty well estab¬ 
lished. The coupling of standard-bred 
horses will by no means always produce 
the phenomenal animal of the race 
tracks, but it will rarely fail to give a 
horse with the temperament and confor¬ 
mation of the trotter. As a matter of 
fact, the value of an animal for breed¬ 
ing is largely measured by Its ability 
closely to reproduce itself. This is what 
we call prepotency, and in its highest 
form is always to be regarded as a most 
valuable character. For example, the 
famous old foundation Short-horn bull 
Hubback is said to have i>ossessed a 
“touch,” a mellowness of hide, which 
was incomparable, and which seemed to 
Heg. P. Chinas, Berkshires 
and O. fVMtei, Cholee Pisi, 
8 weeks old, mated not akin. 
Bred Sows and Serrioe Boars. 
Poultry. Write for hard Umu 
prices and free olronlar. 
naJBIBTON A CO., Bosenvlok, Chester Co.. Pa 
Short-horn Cows for Dairying. 
The reply that W. M. Beninger makes 
to A. R. H. on page 176 is too mislead¬ 
ing to be passed by without some correc¬ 
tion. In showing cattle at fairs 10 weeks 
each year, as he states he has, I cannot 
guess what territory he covered that he 
did not meet with some of the dairy 
Short-horns. He must have kept clear 
of Bradford Co., Pa., for I know that 
they have animals there that any dairy¬ 
man would feel proud of. First, you 
may take the herd of J. K. Innis, of 
Granville Center, who had some on ex¬ 
hibition at the Columbian Exposition. 
Two made records as follows: Kitty 
Clay 4th, 1592, 9 pounds milk and 62^4 
pounds of butter; Kitty Clay 3d, 1230, 6 
pounds milk and 50 1-6 pounds of but¬ 
ter. In a letter from Mr. Innis about two 
years ago he gave me records of some 
of his young stock that gave even great¬ 
er promise than the two above men¬ 
tioned; heifers that would milk up to 
the time of calving. At a little hamlet 
called Jillett you will find Aaron Jillett, 
with a herd that averages 300 pounds of 
butter per head a year, as he told me 
last Summer. He sold 10 animals of 
young stock, to go, I think, to Nebraska, 
for $1,000. Down around Burlington 
dairy Short-horns are quite numerous, 
yet the supply does not equal the de¬ 
mand, and it is difficult for breeders to 
procure sires to avoid inbreeding. 
I have been using purebred sires for 
some time, have a few females and re¬ 
ceive a good many calls for calves for 
breeding purposes; even a half-bred 
grade brings an extra price. I could 
sell many times the number that I have 
to spare each year. I know that in the 
West they have been breeding exclu¬ 
sively for beef, and every effort has been 
made to bring the animals to that point 
of excellence that they should surpass 
all other beef breeds as to quality of 
beef and in profit in making the same, 
but in the East it is different. There is 
a call for a general-purpose cow, and 
the effort being put forth with success 
on that line I believe that the Short-horn 
can be made more, nearly to approach 
that point than any other breed. 
C. E. A^TDKKWS. 
Breeders’ Directory 
Kor Sale—Two rcK. Guernsey Bull Calves, about 6 
and 8 months old. A. COLUKKTSON, Knox. Pa. 
niQH-CLA 88 
Registered Jersey Cattle. 
KOBT. F. SHANNON, Pittsbnrjf, Pa. 
Tpr>CpV ■RTTT T c— Have on hand a 
1 few selected Ue- 
gistered .It rsey Bull Calves, from two to lour months 
old, from groat milk and butter-produclngdams, and 
of the most approved oreoding. Improve the quality 
of your milk and butter output by taking advantage 
of this offering. Wo breed for quality and quantity. 
Will make price low; delivered to vourstatlon. Don't 
miss this opportunity. Correspondence promptly 
answered. WHITJfi OAK BIUUE STOCK KAUM, 
Bast Orange,N. J. 
123 HOLSTEINSrc 
DEL1.HUK8T FAKM8, Mentor, Ohio. 
F ob salk-pukkbked holstkin-fkiksians 
Two registered bulls ready for service; also a bar¬ 
gain In one bull calf Just dropped. All of above from 
best families. W. W. CHKNKY, Manlius, N. Y. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull 
ready for service, and a One lot of Bull Calves. Best 
of breeding, and from deep producing families. 
C. K. KECOBD, Peterboro, N. Y. 
F oe SALE—Thoroughbred 
HOLSTKIN-FKIESIAN CATTLK 
of the best families. Also, 30 high-bred Bulls at 
reasonable prices. Write the MAPI.KH 8TOCK 
FARM, Binghamton, N. Y., Wm. Rood, Prop 
R egisteredholstein buiis and 
Heifers FOR 8ABB cheap. Bulls from fifteen 
to ten months old. Four heifers two years old 
this Summer. All handsome Individuals. 81 rod by 
Dora Do Kol's Count No. 23767. Dams finely bred. 
Inquire P. B. MCLENNAN, Syracuse, N. S’. 
America 196 318; Is due to calve Juno 25. 
Katerina m; is due next 
Calf, write to 
If you want a Dutch Belted 
G G. GIBB8, Vail, N. .1. 
QCB VC|J|nEQ—Best quality and breeding. 
Qi-i* nOllilllsV Imported sire. Ohio Farm, 
Be Roy. Ohio. M. L. & H. U. BKNUAM. 
2000 
FKKBETS. Flrst-olass stock. Boms 
Trained. New price-list free. 
N, A. KNAPP, Rochester, Lorain Co., O 
Simple Tests for Oleo. 
The Department of Agriculture is soon 
to issue a bulletin on “Household Tests” 
which will enable one to detect oleo or 
“devilled” butter readily. 
Two household tests are given—the boil¬ 
ing test and the Waterhouse test. The 
former has been in use for about 10 years, 
and was originally used for the detection 
of oleomargarine, but after the advent of 
renovated butter the test was found to 
serve almost equally well in distinguishing 
this product from genuine butter, although 
not from oleomargarine. It may be con¬ 
ducted in the kitchen as follows: Take a 
l)iece of the sample about the size of a 
chostntit, imt It in an ordinary tablespoon 
and hold it over the flame of a kerosene 
lamp, turned low, with chimney off. Has¬ 
ten the process of melting by stirring with 
a splinter of wood; then increase the heat 
and bring it to as brisk a boil as possible. 
After the boiling has begun, stir the con¬ 
tents of the spoon thoroughly, not neglect¬ 
ing the outer edges, two or three times at 
intervals during the boiling—always short¬ 
ly before the boiling ceases. A gas flame, 
if available, can bo more conveniently used. 
Oleomargarine and renovated butter boil 
noisily, sputtering (more or less) like a 
mixture of grease and water when boiled, 
and produce no foam, or but very little. 
Renovated butter usually produces a very 
small amount. Genuine butter boils usu¬ 
ally with less noise and produces an abund¬ 
ance of foam. The difference in regard to 
foam is very marked as a rule. 
The Waterhouse test, designed a year or 
so ago by Mr. C. H. Waterhouse, at that 
time dairy instructor at the New Hamp¬ 
shire College of Agriculture and Mechanic 
Arts, is as follows: Half till a 100 cc. beaker 
with sweet milk; heat nearly to boiling 
and add from five to 10 grams of butter 
or oleomargarine. Stir with a small rod, 
which Is preferably of wood and about the 
size of a match, until the fat la melted. 
The beaker Is then placed In cold water 
and the milk stirred until the temperature 
falls sufflciently for the fat to congeal. At 
this point the fat, if oleomargarine, can 
easily be collected together in one lump 
by means of the rod, while if butter. It will 
granulate and cannot be so collected. The 
distinction Is very marked. The stirring 
is not, of necessity, continuous during the 
cooling, but it should be stirred as the fat 
Is solidifying and for a short time before. 
The milk should be well mixed before be¬ 
ing turned into the beaker, as otherwise 
cream may be turned from the top and 
contain so much butter fat that the test 
is vitiated for oleomargarine. 
Farmer 5/>\itm 
Does 'n’t vac 
pARmcR Jof4e» 
DOES - ' 
III 
>r*a 
COWS WHI 
GIVE FROM 
.. . 
‘''MS 
CHILDS* 
BOS 
KILFLY 
^ TO n% 
15% TO 25% MORE MILK 
and Better Milk if Protected from Flies by the use of CHILD’S SO-BOS-SO KILFLY. 
It is a thorough fly killer and germicide, It 
destroys all bacterial germs, insures health, 
greater strength and vigor to the animals 
and by the absolute relief afforded to them 
increases the amount of milk $8.00 to $10.00 
I)er cow during the season you will find it 
the best investment you ever made. 
It allays nervousness In horses as well as 
cows and keejis both in better general con¬ 
dition. As an antisei)tlc and for scours in 
calves, Iiog cholera, swine iilague and foul in 
cattles’ feet It is uneqnalcd and may ho u.sed 
eltlier in the stable, cow shed, chicken house 
or pig pen. 
It is easily and rapidly applied with Childs’ 
Electric Sprayer, and a herd of 3') to r >0 cows 
can be sprayed in a few moments. SO-BOS-SO 
is ahsolutedy liarmless to man and lieast. 
Abortion In cows, whicli is caus(“d by a 
germ—propagated liy unsanitary conditli.ns 
—can he prevented by the use of SO-BOS-SO 
KILFLY. 
Sold only in gallon cans. Ask your dealer 
or .send $2.00 for one gallonlcanlaud Electric 
SjiraytT complete, securely packed and ex¬ 
press paid to any point east of the Mlssis- 
slj)])! Eiver except State of Maine. 
Tlie Sprayer can also bo used for spraying 
potato vines, hushes, trees, etc. Beware of 
Imitations. 
CONVENIENT. CHEAP. PRACTICAL. 
Thousiinds are in use in America, tlanada and Mexico. .Sliipniento liave 
begun to Cul>a, tlie Fliilipitines, S«>uth America and Australia. 
Lenox, Mass., April 2lBt, 1900. 
I have used So-Hoh-.*So Killly with qood 
resnlts. It Is a comfort to both man and boast at 
the milking time. Jacob Stethei., 
Supt. to the Uon. John E. Parsons. 
PUTUADEI.PHIA, PA., May 2,1900. 
Last July the daily quantity of milk produced 
by my Chester County Dairy fell off very con¬ 
siderably, which I attributed to the annoyance 
which the cattle received from the flies. About 
half the time the herd was standing In a stream 
switching Instead of grazing. I ordered a sam¬ 
ple of .So-Bos-So ICiltly and by having It ap¬ 
plied every second uiornlng, greatly relieved the 
herd and increased the milk product from 15 to 
25 per cent, and 1 have continued to use 8o-Bos- 
.So Killly during hot weather over since that 
time. Our herd of about twenty head could he 
sprayed In the stable in less time than it would 
require to milk a single cow, and I consider that 
I saved ni.my times the cost of the .So-Bo»-.So 
Killly used In addition to affopdlng comfort to 
the herd. G. 8. W. Brubaker. 
Lenox, Mass., April 23,1900. 
We used So-Bos-So Killly last summer, on 
cows and torsos with excellent results, it being 
much more satisfactory than anything else of 
the kind we have ever tried. „ 
A. U. WiNGETT, Supt. Allen Wlnden Farm- 
CHAS. H. CHILDS & CO., Sole Mfrs., 12 LaFajetto St., UTICA, N. Y. 
Cattle Comfort 
KEEPS CATTLE COMFORTABLE IN FLY TIME 
Sold by Merchants and the Seedsmen. 
Send for Pamphlet to 
Uammoncl’s Slufir Shot, FishkiU-ou-Hudson, N. 
