1901 
485 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
hit with an oil or a soap spray to kill 
it; a strong tobacco decoction will also 
kill them. Usually this Apple aphis does 
not do much damage in large trees, but 
small trees may suffer noticeably, and 
thus need to be treated. Spray thor¬ 
oughly, aiming at the lice, with whale- 
oil soap, using one pound in five gal¬ 
lons of water. m. v. slinoebland. 
A Grist of Fruit Questions. 
S., Woodlaum, Ya.—l. I have seen a num¬ 
ber of apple trees where the ends of the 
limbs were dying, which I think is caused 
by some kind of insect. Is there any rem¬ 
edy to prevent this? 2. Please advise the 
best method of planting and cultivating 
apple, peach, pear and plum seed. 3. Can 
you recommend some western nurserymen 
who can furnish grape cuttings, apple and 
pear scions, also seedlings? 4. Is there 
any special machine for digging and trans¬ 
planting nursery stock? 5. What do men 
generally charge for budding nursery stock, 
and how many trees can they bud a day? 
6. What is the duty on about 15,000 seed¬ 
lings from France? 
Ans. —1. It would be quite impossible 
to tell what is the matter with the trees 
mentioned, as there are a great many 
insects that trouble apple trees. How¬ 
ever, it might be that the damage men¬ 
tioned is from the eating of the foliage 
by the Spring canker worm. If so, the 
damage is practically over now, that is, 
the insects have done their work and 
gone into the ground, but next Spring 
the trees should be sprayed with an ar¬ 
senical preparation as soon as the leaves 
begin to come out, so as to cover them 
with poison, and in the end poisoning 
the little woi-ms which will hatch out 
from the eggs laid by the insects and 
crawl up the trees in the Spring. 2. 
Briefly stated, these seeds should be 
planted in the late Fall, or very early 
in the Spring. In the latter case tney 
should be kept over Winter in moist 
earth, so that they will not heat, and 
yet they will keep moist, fresh, plump 
and in good germinating condition. They 
should then be planted very early in the 
Spring. As to cultivation, they should 
be kept just as clean as possible, and 
the ground loose. The planting should 
be in rows about two feet apart, so that 
they could be worked either by horse, 
or by hand. 3. Almost any nurseryman 
in any part of the country can lurnish 
cuttings of the crab apple and pear, and 
many of them seedlings also. You can 
observe the advertisements in The R. 
N.-Y., and correspond with those whom 
you think best. 4. There are good ma¬ 
chines, or tree diggers for digging nur¬ 
sery trees by horse power, and I know 
at least one nursery that uses steam 
traction for pulling the tree digger, 
which seems to work very well. o. Bud¬ 
ding is done by the day, and a reason¬ 
able price for an expert would be ?2 or 
$3 per day, provided he can set about 
1,50U or 2,000, with a tier to follow who 
should do the tying at the cost of the 
owner of the stock, and, of course, be 
paid extra. If the budder does his own 
tying he could not, of course, put in so 
many, and about 1,000 would be a rea¬ 
sonable number for a day’s work. There 
are those who can exceed this, but they 
are hard to find, and sometimes their 
work is not satisfactory. One of the 
main things is to do budding so that 
the buds will take. It is not so much 
the number of buds put in, but to make 
sure that the buds will succeed, as any¬ 
one can easily see would be the proper 
view to take of the matter. 6. The duty 
on seedlings from France, or any other 
country, is 20 per cent of their value. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Harvesting the Onion Crop. 
/I’eadcr.—Will some onion grower tell how 
the onion crop is handled In the field? 
Ans. —The thorough farmer has no 
weeds in his onions when harvest time 
comes. A clean field adds greatly to the 
pleasure and economy of harvesting the 
crop. White onions should be pulled as 
soon as fungus spots begin to show on 
the outer leaves. Pull three rows at a 
time, and lay together straight, with the 
tops all one way. Let them lie 24 hours 
if good weather before piling. Two 
forms of piles are used here, the small 
round pile and the long pile. For the 
small pile make a square bottom of bar¬ 
rel staves or boards nailed to cleats. It 
will be the square of the length of a 
barrel stave. Pile three windrows or nine 
onion rows into one row of piles. Grasp 
a large handful of onions by the tops 
and set them on the barrel stave plat¬ 
form with tops outside and so on around, 
leaving a six-inch air shaft, and draw¬ 
ing in near the top. Keep the onions 
in and tops out. Bring the tops togeth¬ 
er and point up in a conical or old-fash¬ 
ioned beehive shape. Some weeds or a 
fertilizer sack held on with stones fin¬ 
ishes the pile. Such a pile will cut out 
from one to two bushels. The long pile 
is made by nailing four or five four-inch 
fence slats upon cross cleats, on these 
the onions are piled, with bulbs in and 
tops out, drawn in at the top, making a 
pile iVz feet high. One of our neighbors 
goes further than this, and puts a slat 
rack through the middle, so that the air 
can have free circulation endwise 
through the pile. Another plan where 
one has barn room enough, is to cart in 
in barrels the day after pulling, and 
leave the onions in barrel dump piles 
in rows on the floor. These rows of 
piles give an opportunity for the circu¬ 
lation of air between. After a few days 
these piles are turned over into new 
piles or ridges. 
Red and yellow onions require less 
care than the whites, and some gi’owers 
pull them into 12-row windrows and let 
them lie there for a month, raking them 
over for a day or two, if good weather, 
before carting. But a brighter onion 
can be made by piling into small piles 
preventing sunburn and weathering. 
One of our inventive farmers has pat¬ 
ented a pulling attachment to a wheel 
hoe which works well in clean gi’ound, 
and by it onions are loosened rapidly 
row by row and then raked into wind¬ 
rows. Weeds should be cleaned off as 
soon as the onions are pulled, if there 
are weeds. A good horse hoe for this 
purpose is made fi’om an old saw blade 
or similar piece of steel about three feet 
long, having the ends turned up and 
fitted for the rear holes of a wooden 
horse cultivator. The blade should be 
sharp and dipped enough to take hold. 
The forward feet of the cultivator may 
be removed. It would be difficult to give 
a hard and fast rule for grading onions. 
The pickles are the little fellows, finger- 
end size. The seconds, those go-be¬ 
tweens, so big that you are ashamed to 
have them in the pickles and so small 
that you are ashamed to have them in 
the big ones. Any rule of diameter 
would be rather difficult of application. 
E. C. BIBUE. 
Devices for Manure Cleaning. 
Many people throughout the country are 
thinking of building new barns or making 
over old ones, and they want to put in 
the conveniences, both labor-saving and 
sanitary. Among other things there is a 
great demand for some automatic or other 
device for getting rid of the manure. The 
ordinary plan of handling it with a dung 
fork and throwing it out of the window 
by the cows is not at all satisfactory. 
What in your judgment is the best advice 
to give a man who wants either an auto¬ 
matic or some other labor-saving device 
for handling liquids and solids? 
You ask for some good automatic de¬ 
vice by which the manure may be taken 
out of the stables. I know of none that 
is entirely satisfactory. Some use grat¬ 
ing through which the manure is sup¬ 
posed to fall into a pit below, but the 
gratings become clogged, befouled and 
filthy. Bad odors and cold drafts of 
wind come up through them, which is 
bad for the milkers and worse for the 
cows. Some flush the gutters with water 
manure carrier made to run on a track 
can quickly be filled and sent out to the 
covered barnyard, or dumped into a cart 
outside. These carriers should be made 
with drop bottoms that may be operated 
by a rope or wire from the stable. We 
have fitted up barns in this way, and 
they are very satisfactory. 
On our own farms the cow stables are 
cleaned out twice a day and collected in 
the covered barnyard, whence it goes to 
the field in February, July or December. 
The manure from the horse stables, the 
stables being large box stalls, is hauled 
directly to the fields when they are in 
condition to receive it—that is, in condi¬ 
tion for driving over them. If the fields 
are unfit to drive over the manure is 
then wheeled out into the covered barn¬ 
yard to await the general cleaning up, 
the object being always to produce just 
as much manure as possible. Much re¬ 
fuse matter of various kinds that is 
burned up on many farms we consign to 
the manure yards to be converted into 
manure. The tenant is charged not to 
burn the rakings from the yard or gar¬ 
den, but to cart them to the manure 
yard, JOHN L. SIIAWVEB. 
Ohio. 
Notes on the Cowhorn Turnip. 
The Cowhorn turnip has been a stand¬ 
ard sort in our list of table varieties for 
a number of years, but we have never 
had it to grow to anything like the size 
of those spoken of in a recent issue of 
The R. N.-Y, in our trial grounds, where 
it has been planted and grown under or¬ 
dinary conditions. We would say that 
the average length of well-grown tur¬ 
nips of this variety in good soil would 
be seven to eight inches, tapering in 
form, and usually curved or one-sided, 
hence the suggestive name, with tops of 
rather greater length. Regarding its 
keeping qualities, we would say that the 
flesh is firm and solid, but we do not 
think that it has the keeping qualities 
of the ruta baga, as it is distinctly one 
of the rough-leaved turnips. We do not 
think the keeping qualities enter into 
the plan of green manuring, as the chief 
requisite is to secure a large and quick 
growth of vegetable matter to turn un¬ 
der, and this would probably be one of 
the best varieties for this purpose, as 
the long roots will penetrate the soil 
more deeply then the globe-shaped or 
flat-rooted sorts. As we understand it, 
the crop can either be turned down late 
in the Fall or allowed to die down for 
Spring plowing. In our climate and 
farther north we should prefer to turn 
them under just before the ground 
freezes, so as to secure the greatest bene¬ 
fit from the decay of the vegetable mat¬ 
ter which is to enrich the soil. Harvest¬ 
ing them for Winter feeding is, of 
course, a different matter, and we would 
prefer a larger globe-shaped root for 
this purpose. You will be interested to 
know that we have had considerable de¬ 
mand for this variety this season, in all 
probability due to the articles in the 
agricultural press and State bulletins. 
W. ATEEE BTTBPEE & CO. 
Crimson 
Clover. 
Choice New Seed. 
Write for price and 
Special circular tell¬ 
ing all about this 
crop. 
Wood’s Seeds. 
VVe have issued a 
very interesting 
little circular about 
Crimson Clover, 
giving the experi¬ 
ence of successful 
growers — telling 
about sowing in 
corn fields at the 
last working—value 
for improving poor 
lanct—use both for 
pasturage and hay 
—best met.hod of 
preparation and 
seeaing, and otlier 
hints of value to 
any one interested 
in this crop. Mailed 
free upon request. 
T. W. WOOD & SONS, 
SEEDSMEN, - RICHMOND, VA.’ 
SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL. 
Fruit Boot Free. Result of 76 years' experience. 
STARK BROS.. louisiana. Mo.: Dansville, N.Y. 
How to make money. Invest one cent In a postal 
card, mail It to Jones of Binghamton. Binghamton, 
N. Y., and learn how to save many dollars In the 
price of scales. Jones he pays the freight. 
DREER’S 
Pot-Grown 
iff Strawberry Plant^ 
planted this .Summer will produee a fiill 
‘■J'V’ Iternes ne.vt .lime. Our Mid- 
“ fm" “""I mailed 
lif e, offers iilants ot the Ix-st and new- 
^'*(1 Also <'ul>l>iige, (.'itiili. 
other seaaon- 
able plants and seeds. Write 
for a copy. 
hk.nky a. dkker, 
I'hllndolphla, Pa. 
Beautiful Strawberries in 1902 
We can furnish you with 
pot-grown Strawberry Plants 
that will bear a full crop of 
fruit next year. Celery and 
Cabbage Plants. Pull line of 
Fruit and Ornamental Stock. 
Write at once for our Summer 
and Autumn catalogue. It 
explains all. Fruit packages 
of all kinds for sale at low 
prices. T. J. DWYER & SON, 
Orange County Nurseries, Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y. 
Plants 
-Pot-grown Strawberry, Celery 
and Cabbage. Thousands of 
them. See our price-list. 
CALEB BOGGS & SON, Cheswold, Del. 
ginseng Stock for Sale. My own growing. Orders 
booked now for delivery September 1. Send stamp 
for catalogue. GEO. MDDGETT, Johnstown, Pa. 
CABBAGE PLANTS 
Leading varieties, 75c. per 1,000. Shipped safely any¬ 
where. A. B. KATKAMIEU, Macedon, N. Y. 
ppi EDV Plants, $1 per 1,000. Large, stocky 
UkLun I Plants, grown by Irrigation. Send 
no money until you see the plants. IshipC. O. U.; 
carefully packed F, W. ROCHELLE, Chester, N. J. 
pc I CDV Cabbage Plants only $1 per 1,000. 
ULLLni 100 Strawberry Plante in pots for $1 
Crimson Clover Seed ot our own growing. Catalogue 
free. SLAYMAKER & SON, Dover, Del. 
Celery and Cabbage Plants for Sale 
Leading varieties, carefully packed with moss In 
baskets, f. o. b. here. 230 plants at 60c.; 500 for UOo.; 
1,000 for Special price on quantities over 6,000. 
Cash with order. Plants ready 15th to 20th of June. 
WOODLAND FARM, Canastota, Madison Co., N. Y 
CELERY PLANTS. 
Grown by the acre, on fine Irrigated land. Extra 
large root development. Large stocky plants 
Shipped safely to all pans of the United States and 
Canada. White Plume, Golden Self-Blanching and 
Giant Paschal. Price: 500,75c.; 1,000, *1.25 ; 5,000, $5. 
WILSON BROS. & CO., Tecumseh, Mich. 
CELERY EL ANTS. 
Field-grown, healthy plants, sheared back several 
times. White Plume, Ueartwell Perfection, Dwarf 
Golden Heart and Celerlac Krfurter. Price, 500, 76c.; 
1,000, *1.25 ; 6,000, *5. Write for prices on 25,000, 
.50,000 and 100,000. Cash with order, please. LUDWIG 
MOSBAK, 8500 Anthony Ave.. South Chicago. 111. 
Hom 0 -Grown Crlmsin Clover Seed. 
Choice Japanese Buckwheat. Seed Wheat and Win¬ 
ter Oats. J. B. HOLLAND, Milford, Del, 
1901 CROP CRIMSON CLOVER SEED. 
Ready now. Pedigree seed of my own growing 
Clean and pure. Send stamp for sample and price 
when ready to buy. 
B. Q, PACKARD, Seedsman, Dover, Del. 
DEDERICK’S HAY PRESSES 
hale nearly all the hay baled In the 
irorld.8ena for free Illustrated cataloir, 
AddreM P. K. DEDERICK’S SONS’, 
45 TIvoil Street, 
Albany, N. Y. 
%aAlA, 
S'ts'ieng', 
The Pioneer—It aUD 
leoda all other*. 
FENCE WIRE AT WHOLESALE 
Send for price-list and free catalog of Wire Fences & 
Supplies. W. H. MASON & CO., Leesburg, Ohio. 
m 
•FROST 
1 ' 
•e=rsa 
m 
h'ysrJ 
i 
your orders through our agents for The Frost Fence, 
before the Fall rush. The Frost contains more 
weight and twice the strength of woven wire fencing. 
THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO., Cleveland, Ohio. 
FENCE A LAWN 
with 13 or 18 Inch wire PAGE Fence, and It is well 
fenced for a lifetime. Write for descriptions. 
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH. 
BINDER TWINE 
with the idea of washing out the ma¬ 
nure, but this is expensive and wasteful 
of fertilizers. Where many animals are 
stabled there is probably no better way 
than to have stables so arranged as to 
drive through with manure spreader, 
wagon, cart or sled each day, and con¬ 
vey the manure to the field. Where a 
smaller number of animals is kept a 
It affords us great pleasure to quote prices for our famous and well-known grades of binder twine ns follows: 
j Pure White Sisal, 8c per lb. 
(_ 4M5 to 515 li*et to the poiitui. 
i Manila, 9?lc per lb. 
1 5H0 to tn5 feet to the poiiiul. 
Standard, 8c per lb. 
-w.x,, tv tv t..v ,.vv..v. V 4M5 to 5*-J5 feet to the pound. . 
These prices are for any quantity not less than a 50-pountl bale, free on board cars Chicago, and are not subject to 
discount. TERMS:—Cu>*li to ueeoiiipuny order, . . „ , i t- * 
The above twines are our uiie.xeelled “SMYTH*’ UR.Wl), pronounced by all who use them to be the be.st in 
the world. Tiiey are prepared with special care from llrstcjuality selected hemp, every ball helii«:separately tested 
for eveiiiieMs and tensile strenurt 1* and Insect prepared before bein^? allowed to pass examination, heiii^ it is aliso- 
lately perfect, and we believe it to be worth 2c per Dound more than any 
\ilt PIIADAUTCIT our eustoiiiors u:;alnsi any ehaiitfe in onr price aiid it we loMer,you Mill be retunded 
ww C UUAiiAli I tC liiiVerence in price. We treat all our customers alike and the early buyer is afforded as 
much protection as the late one. . *...*.1 . .^1 
CAMDI CC TDCr We jjuarantee our twine, every pound of it, ami we will refund your money instantly and 
wAiYliLCO rnuCi without a question if it fails to come up to our representation either in 
if you prefer to see samples before orderinjf, write us mUII Kfl CMYTU ftfl j 
and we will semi samples so that you can see and test it. llwnll Ifli Olfl I in Uwi Madison M.* C11 U At«0. 
