494 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
July 13 
Live Stockand Dairy 
THE DUAL-PURPOSE COW. 
Eastern and Western Ideals. 
Two-sidki) Cows. —Improper feeding, 
causing indigestion and the manifold 
troubles that the dairyman must meet, 
has been to some degree responsible for 
the demand for a dual-purimse cow. A 
scientific breeder, writer or speaker may 
not face the dairy problems like the men 
who meet their obligations from cheese, 
butter or milk checks. The pure dairy 
type, which cannot put on an ounce of 
meat, may be the ideal cow. 1 do not 
believe we should ask one machine to 
plow, sow, reap and thrash, yet we run 
a grain drill that sows grain, grass and 
clover with fertilizer, each one or all, 
with absolute certainty. I have found 
it no easy matter to keep one’s teaching 
along lines that would be understood as 
coinciding wth actual practice. Col¬ 
umns are being written and long speech¬ 
es made for and against the dual-pur¬ 
pose cow. Any idea or interest usually 
suffers in the hands of an extremist. 
’I he men who see only one siue of a 
subject are not the safest men. 1 
am reminded of the old man 
who, frequently passing through his 
son’s sleeping apartment, observed that 
John always slept on his left side. 
Bringing the matter to his wife’s atten¬ 
tion he said that boy might as well quit 
studying law, because he could not lie 
on both sides. We must from a busi¬ 
ness standpoint look at things from 
every point of view. To go into a com¬ 
munity where no specific dairy form is 
recognized and preach that saving grace 
will come to the dairyman who oreeds 
only the extreme dairy form as found 
exemplified in many Jei*seys, is a de¬ 
cided error! 
Bkef and Butter. —This question had 
its inception in the West, and has for 
its present champion Prof. Shaw, of the 
Minnesota Agricultural College. Prof. 
Shaw looks at the magnificent specimens 
of Short-horns at the Station barns, 
steps into the dairy barn adjoining and 
finds the thin bony Jersey, and says at 
once: “We need a combination of these, 
and behold both beef and milk; i. e., the 
mother gives 300 pounds of butter and 
drops a heifer calf to duplicate her per¬ 
formance, and the following year a bull 
calf that in its steer form tops the mar¬ 
ket in Chicago.’’ It can’t be done, but 
thousands of western farmers are trying 
it, at a loss. It is contrary to all laws 
of animal life. The dairy animal puts 
its fat into the udder and pail; she does 
not do it by chance any more than a 
smart boy is so by chance. You need 
not inquire, when you meet a bright, 
energetic, level-headed man, about his 
parentage; he had a good mother. The 
beef animal of the beef breeds is so far 
removed from dairy form and ability 
that only by the use of a wet nurse can 
the offspring be reared. 
Can’t Be Done. —Viewing the case 
from the western conditions it seems 
incredible that any sane man could ex¬ 
pect for a moment to breed a profitable 
dairy. The dual-purpose cow of the 
West and the dual-purpose cow of the 
East are as unlike as the beef and dairy 
types. With the western idea I have no 
sympathy; witn the eastern notion there 
is at least debatable ground. I am sat¬ 
isfied that the dairy conformation has 
been carried to an extreme in many in¬ 
stances, coupled with early breeding 
and inbreeding, until constitution and 
vitality have been so weakened that 
tuberculosis is sure to result. As surely 
as one extreme follows another have 
breeders followed delusions and pro¬ 
duced skin and bones. I have in mind 
a Jersey cow that failed at a iState fair 
to receive the prize that her record, 
which no one disputed, warranted her in 
taking, because she was skin and bones 
and nothing else. Fat is not muscle, 
but it is to a degree stored energy, and 
my observation teaches me that when 
our cows drop below a condition of flesh 
which I cannot describe, but know as 
any dairyman knows, when seen, that 
they are more subject to ailments. This 
thin condition may be brought on 
through excessive feeding of protein 
foods, milking the vitality out of the 
udder, but this is not a general fault. 
Is it wise therefore to breed to an ex¬ 
treme dairy type? 
Reserve Force. —Self-preservation is 
nature’s first law. Man has taken the 
dairy cow so far from the natural cow 
that produced a calf, fed it and quit, 
that this law no longer applies. She 
may be so well bred that her milking 
machinery runs away with her boiler 
capacity. We must keep reserve force 
on hand. The bank that keeps no re¬ 
serve fund in the first place offends the 
statute law, and also an economic law. 
The nervous man unconsciously works 
beyond his strength, his nerve weakens, 
and he has to stop and restore again 
the wasted tissue. The nervous tem¬ 
perament is all right to a degree. If 
we possess at this early period in our 
National history any distinctly Ameri¬ 
can characteristic it is surely this de¬ 
velopment of our hustling nervous en¬ 
ergy, an ability to work 18 hours a day, 
two days in one. This tremendous high 
pressure construction has built our Na¬ 
tion and its present supremacy on land 
and sea. The two-minute trotter and 
pacer, the 200-egg hen and 600-pound 
butter cow, are examples in lower life 
of the same tendency in breeding. This 
seems heterodox, and you ask: “Shall 
we stop our advancement?” No, don’t 
worry; nature will take care of the 
whole business. The slower plodding 
nature of the German immigrant is al¬ 
ready making its personality felt in 
great sections of the country. He rears 
large families without the vital effort 
or loss of vital force. The children are 
strong, robust boys and girls, keeping 
close to nature and nature’s laws. At 
20 they marry without fuss or feathers, 
settle down to work, buy a farm and 
pay for it. The other fellow has gone, 
and they are in possession through 
quiet conquest. The trotter that has 
been bred for generations to use up vi¬ 
tality at a tremendous pace has no 
value as a producer. He puts 12 quarts 
of oats and a wisp of hay into a few 
minutes’ work. The high-class nervous 
people are not raising large families. 
The fact in comparison with the immi¬ 
grants mentioned needs no elaboration. 
It is easy to calculate who will control 
in the following generation. 
Cow Comparison. —Have we a com¬ 
parison in our dairy stock? I think so. 
That dairy temperament is nervous tem¬ 
perament is well understood and accept¬ 
ed. What are some of our troubles? 
Uterine weaknesses, failure to breed, 
abortion and kindred troubles resulting 
from the inability of the constitution 
to meet the demands upon it by drain¬ 
age in milk production. These forces 
are all self-regulating; of course 
man thinks he does it. Nothing of the 
kind. If man could have his way about 
it he would increase production without 
limit. But nature, so careful to pre¬ 
serve an equilibrium, does not permit 
man to run away with her. 
The Eastern Ideal. —What is the 
eastern idea of dual purpose? It is a 
cow that will give from 5,000 to 7,000 
pounds of milk a year under favorable 
conditions, and when her usefulness at 
the pail ceases the carcass will weigh 
600 pounds, that will bring In our coun¬ 
try markets $36. I am not giving ex¬ 
treme figures in this statement. It is so 
easy to make our deductions from the 
one-in-a-hundred instance. I could give 
a case, but it does not happen often with 
us. We just sold a cow for beef that 
had been a 10,000-pound cow, for $65. 
She weighed 1,360 pounds, and was a 
model, a perfect milking machine, and 
yet had sufficient form to hold meat, so 
that she was not worthless. I can pick 
out 75 cows out of our dairies that will 
answer my first proposition when they 
cease to milk for this reason, or that, 
without extra feed than the milking 
condition, and we succeed in obtaining 
an average of 7,000 pounds per cow. 
The great trouble and misunderstand¬ 
ing over this question has arisen from 
an effort on the part of the beef producer 
of the West to breed milk from beef 
type, which is a failure, and the eastern 
effort to get milk first and a second-class 
beef subsequently, or in case of accident 
to udders, the selling price will approxi¬ 
mate the cost of another cow. This type 
of cow, distinguished from the extreme 
dairy type which has been held to our 
view, is the idea I wish to bring out. 
This idea as practically followed will 
not breed phenomenal producers, but it 
will breed 250 to 300-i>ound cows with 
constitution and vigor. 'The great rank 
and file of northern New York farmers 
are not doing this much. Their breed¬ 
ing is drifting along without much care¬ 
ful thought. At times a public-spirited 
man buys a purebred bull, and it is sur¬ 
prising how far-reaching the effect of 
his service may be, to the third and 
fourth generation. Fig. 209, page 495, 
illustrates my idea of a dual-purpose 
cow. These cows have ranged from 
9,000 to 10,000 pounds of milk. Three 
of them have been sold. Cow No. 1 is 
the one referred to in these notes, sold 
for $65. No. 2 was sold for $50; No. 5 
brought $42. all sold for beef. The cows 
No. 3 and No. 4 are still in the dairy, 
and would sell at present time at prob¬ 
ably $75, the two making a total of $232, 
or an average of $46 per head. To il¬ 
lustrate more fully this matter I have 
just purchased two cows at $45 each, 
that are now giving 80 pounds of milk a 
day without grain feed. These cows 
are capable of taking the place of these 
shown in Fig. 209 at the pail, but not at 
the shambles. They are not quite as 
heavy. n. e. cook. 
Poultry Notes. 
Our I>eghorn hatches seem to be the 
best; these very good, but the P. Rock, 
Wyandotte, Orpington and Minorca varie¬ 
ties not so much so. Average rather low. 
Chicks hatched are generally doing well. 
Bronze turkey hatches reported from my 
customers have been very satisfactory so 
far. ARTHUR J. m’cain. 
Delaware, N. J. 
The reports from this and surrounding 
vicinities are to the effect that the Spring 
brood of chicks is only about 50 to 60 per 
cent of the usual crop. We have had so 
much cold weather that the. young perish 
after hatching, while from some cause 
(which I am not able to explain), the 
hatches have only been about 60 per cent, 
some running as low as 16 to 20 per cent. 
Some breeders have not been trying of 
late to run their Incubators on account of 
early failures. henry waluinoford. 
Bonaparte, Iowa. 
Reports from my customers show that 
very early in the season eggs were not 
hatching well, but after the fowls got out 
of doors hatches were good and chicks 
strong. The season has been backward, 
wet and cold, and as a rule people in this 
vicinity have fewer early chickens than 
usual, and are trying to make up with 
late ones. We have out about 2,000 chicks, 
and expect 500 more soon. Our own chicks 
are very strong, growing finely, and the 
prospect is good for a fine lot of birds next 
Fall, although the adverse season has 
made It more difficult than usual to care 
for them. h. j. blanchard. 
Groton. N. Y. 
A Lame Horse 
is neither valuable for use 
or sale. It is better not to 
nave a lame horse. 
Tuttle’s Elixir 
cures permanently all forms of lameness, curbs, 
splints, sprains, thrush, &c. Equally good for 
internal use for colic, founder, pneumonia, dis¬ 
temper. &c. Guaranteed to cure. 
Used and Endorsed by Adams Express Company. 
Tuttle’s Family Elixir “SnlS'S.’S- 
Kills pain instantly. Our KXl-page book, “Vet¬ 
erinary Experience’ ’ F e E. 
Dr. S. A TUTTLE, 30 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. 
Bfwarf) of so-c&Iled Elixirs—none genuine bnt Tattle’s. 
Avoidall blisters; they offer only temporary relief if any. 
= NO SPAVINS^ 
The worst possible sparin can be enred in 
45 minntes. Garbs, splints and ringbones 
jnst as qnick. Not painful and never has 
failed. Detailed information about this 
new method sent free to horse owners. 
Write today. Auk for pamphlet Mo. M. 
FLEMIN6 BROS., Union Stock Yards,Chieage, III. 
Farm Blaeksmithing. 
An illustrated book writ¬ 
ten expressly for farmers. 
It tells all about making 
and tempering steel tools, 
making clialns, hooks, 
rings, clevises, bolts, etc., 
etc. MUng saws, spllolng 
rope, shoeing horses. 
Price 60c., cloth bound, 
by mall post-paid. Address 
J. M. DREW, 
Bt Anthony Park, W.xul, 
Breeders’ Directory 
]Dlanchard’8 White Leghorns.—The leading 
strain of heavy layers. Eggs for hatching from 
finest stock, lll.olr.free. H. J. Blanchard,Groton,N.Y. 
Regibtebed Guernsey Bull Mobton, 
a year old last December, son of Inmorted Durell from 
BUersIle Farm. JA8. B. CRANE, Somers, N. Y. 
HIGH-CLASS 
Registered Jersey Cattle. 
BOBT. F. SHANNON, Pittsburg, Pa. 
123 HOLSTEINSK;; 
DELLHURST farms. Mentor. Ohio. 
EHD CAI |r~P”’‘®'’'’ed Holsteln-Frleslans Two 
run OHLk Registered Bnlls ready for service 
Also Bull Calves. All of above from best families. 
W. W. CHENEY, Manlins, N. Y. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull 
ready for service, and a fine lot of Bull Calves. Best 
of breeding, and from deep prodnolng families. 
C. K. BKCOBD, Peterboro, M. Y. 
F or SALE—Thoroughbred 
HULSTBIN-FBIKSIAN OATTLB 
Of the best families. Also, 30 high-bred Bulls at 
reasonable prices. Write the MAPLES STOCK 
FARM, Binghamton, N. Y., Wm. Rood, Prop 
DCQlfClllpEQ—Best quality and breeding. 
DCIIIVwlllllbO Imported sire. Ohio Farm, 
Le Boy. Ohto. M. L. & H. H. BBNHAM. 
Meg. P. Chmaa, Berkehiree 
and O. FTAttM, Choice Pigs, 
8 weeks old, mated not akin. 
Bred Bows and Bervlee Boars. 
Poultry. Write for hard Umt* 
prices and free olronlar. 
HAMILTON * CO., Boeenvlck, Chester Co., Pa. 
Ofififl FBBBMTB. Flrst-olass stock. Borne 
bUVil Trained. New prloe-llat free. 
N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Lorain Co., 0 
I finely-bred Lord Britain and Fashoda 
ill 11 Does, at following prices: Does scoring 
■ 90 to 92 points, $3: Does scoring 92 to 94 
points, ft; Does scoring 94 points or better, t5—laid 
down at yonr door, express paid. A few very choice 
bucks at very low prices. All stock scored by P. K 
Crabtree or by one of his graduates. 
D. W. TALLMAN, Longmont, Colo 
Best Gall Cure on Earth 
Mailed anywhere for 60 cents. 
MOOBB BROS., Veterinary Surgeons, Albany, N. Y 
Death to Lice 
on Hens and Chicks. 
64-page Book FBBB. 
D. J. LAMBBBT, Box 307, Apponang, B. I. 
7ENAIEII1M kills Lice. Ticks, Mites, Pleas, Etc., 
on ui kL<i; ' ^i^ ponitry r5i;s 
Intamnlly h driTM on! wonnn. Cnrei .II enU, wonnd., Mm, .to. 
Non-poWonou.. EndorMd by lewlhig veWrlnarliln.. **Vet^nwT AA 
vlMr ’ tne. Zoiner DliInrMtuit Co. 100 B.tM 8U Detroit, Kloh. 
ORR’S FLY KILLER IS the BEST 
Kills Flies and Lice on Cattle and Horses, 
Gives Cows Comfort, hence more milk. 
Keeps Flies off Horses, hence more work. 
Purities the Stable, hence health and safety 
One gallon can fl, and Keystone Sprayer fl, both 
sent express prepaid for 91.50, to introduce it. 
Five-gallon can, freight prepaid, t4 00. 
T. E. ORR, 663 Liberty Street, Pittsburgh, Pa^ 
oniuiM-ri.1 Friend 
KllU .very fiy It atrik.i; keep* offth. reel. Hvmleie'tolnin .i 
V'., ^ ® It*. mUk and much fleah. 
Bend fl.OO for Improved Sprayer and enough Shoo-FIr to 
S roteet 100 oowe, or 25 cents for liquid alone. Ouarante^ 
HOO-FLY klTU. CO., 1005 Kalnnoant Are., iTilll.delphj1;i*fc 
THE FULL MILK PAIL 
atteata the value and ia the sure result of the nae of our 
NEW CENTURY FLY KILLER OIL. 
There iBUO“fly time” where it is used. Absolutely safe—harms 
neither man nor beast and will not taint milk. It is most 
evenly and cheaply applied with our Speclol Sprayer. 
Calves and young stock can’t thrive and grow if continually 
fighting flies. It’s equ.ally valuable for horses. Prevents *'fiy 
nervousness” and bat saved many a ”ruQ off” and **8ma«h- 
up.” Ask your dealer for It. If not there, aend $1.00 to us 
for Sprayer and enough Killer to protect 150 cows 
or other animals. We are the sole manufacturers and 
want ngrentM everywhere. 
D. B. SMITH A. CO., UTICA, N. Y. 
Make your Cow Comfortable 
Positively prevents 
flies from annoy¬ 
ing cows or 
horses: rids sta¬ 
ble of files, 
keeps stock 
good tem¬ 
pered and in 
fine condi¬ 
tion. A boon 
to every 
stock owner. 
Apply to your 
nearest dealer 
or write for 
booklet and 
prices. 
H. W. Doughten, 
Moorestown, 
N. J. 
