526 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
July 27 
Live Stock and Dair 
SELECTING A DAIRY COW. 
What to Look For! Where? 
Two Classes. —A most essential fea¬ 
ture of a breeding female of any sort of 
animal, is the capacity to produce milk 
and suckle the young in a generous 
manner. The breeder of farm animals, 
no matter what class it may be, deeply 
appreciates this fact. Of all the various 
classes of stock, however, only one is 
expected to yield a copious measure of 
milk beyond the needs of its offspring— 
that is, the dairy cow. Originally, all 
classes of cattle had much in common, 
it is supposed, but with the growth of 
civilization men developed cattle accord¬ 
ing to their needs, and as a result two 
great groups of this stock became gradu¬ 
ally established, viz., the beef type and 
the dairy type. The latter was created 
as a result of the needs of men for milk 
and hutter rather than for calf consump- 
SHAPE OF A DAIRY COW. Kib. 224. 
tion. To-day, the calf in a well managed 
dairy herd is removed from its dam 
w'ithin 24 hours of birth under ordinary 
conditions, and thereafter is entirely de¬ 
prived of the great comfort of sucking 
its dam, while the beef calf may suckle 
for six or nine months, as the case may 
be. The modern dairy cow has evolved 
into a great milking machine, with a 
capacity to produce that is truly mar¬ 
velous. Careful study by men interested 
in dairy cattle, seems to demonstrate 
that there is a type of this class. Not 
all good milkers represent this type, but 
undoubtedly to a more or less degree 
many of them do. The fact that an oc¬ 
casional animal that widely differs from 
the type produces milk in abundance, 
should not affect the importance and 
truth of the statement, that the type 
really does exist, and has a significance. 
What is this dairy type? While many 
may be familiar with it, the writer will 
take the liberty of discussing the subject 
for the benefit of others. 
Constitution. —I have before this said 
something about constitution, that all 
important feature of life. With the beef 
type a square, full chest is sought for, 
while the dairy type is of less diameter 
through the shoulders or between the 
legs at base of the chest. The front legs 
should not be close together, so that the 
knees almost meet, but the legs should 
drop rather straight to the ground, with 
rather peculiar to herself, which modern 
dairymen have taken to terming “wedge- 
shaped.” If one views such a cow from 
one side, he will notice that there is a 
greater depth from over the hips to the 
under side of the udder, than from the 
withers to the body between the front 
legs, thus indicating a tendency to wedge 
shape. If one stands in front and views 
such a cow, it will be noted that she 
widens out from front to hind quarters, 
giving the wedge form from this point 
of view. Again, if one stands over this 
type, and looks down, he will note that 
the back is narrow at the withers, and 
gradually widens out in wedge form for 
half the depth of the body in front. Con¬ 
sequently, the reader can see this wedge 
form, as it were, by viewing the best 
type of dairy cow from various jKiints. 
Fig. 224 shows something of this wedge 
form, while Fig. 225 does not. Young 
animals, however, do not have this de¬ 
velopment to any such extent as do ma¬ 
ture ones. With age and pregnancy the 
body changes form, and this wedge form 
becomes more pronounced. Fig.225 more 
represents the form of the yearling 
heifer. 
Shape of Udder. —Many may think 
the udder and its accessories the most 
important part of a dairy cow, this be¬ 
ing the “business end,” but the consti¬ 
tution and general outline or form, I 
think, should have precedence, just as 
much as the foundation and general 
form of a building are of greater import¬ 
ance than the specific use it is to be put 
to. The udder of the dairy cow, how¬ 
ever, largely measures up the value of 
an animal, and so great emphasis must 
be given to this point. A cow of the 
best dairy capacity will be a large pro¬ 
ducer, and so she should be gifted with 
strong constitution to endure the strain. 
In my opinion, the best type of udder, 
when viewed from one side, should be 
well developed in front along the belly, 
and carried up behind with a full curve, 
so that the entire outline of the ud¬ 
der will extend outside rather than 
inside the curve of a circle. To illus¬ 
trate this, the front of the udder shown 
at Fig. 226 is carried straight along 
against the belly, with the two sets of 
teats nearly on the same level. This rep¬ 
resents a very high class front udder, a 
TYPE OP YEARLING HEIFER. Fig. 22,5. 
the belly by a suspending muscle as It 
were, passing down between them. These 
glands lie here like two big beans side 
by side. Each gland, however, is sep¬ 
arated into two halves, forming the two 
quarters on each side. If one places his 
hand under the udder he wiil note a 
groove between these two glands, pass¬ 
ing lengthwise of the animal. Now a 
well formed udder will not have a very 
deep groove, but the two glands will 
combine to form a thick udder, which 
will always be thicker in front than be¬ 
hind. Just before being milked the ud¬ 
der should be graceful in side outline, 
thick through, and of good depth. 
In its interior composition the udder 
is like a sponge, filled with holes in 
which milk is deposited and held. After 
the cow is milked this udder should 
shrink and become somewhat “wizzled 
up,” losing its most graceful form. If 
it does not do this, then it is what Is 
termed a “meaty” or “fleshy” udder, and 
will be found lacking in capacity to 
yield milk in proportion to its size. The 
teats should be placed well apart, so as 
to permit milking with ease, and a 
length of 2% to three inches is to be de¬ 
sired, as representing the most con¬ 
venient size for handling. Associated 
with the udder will always be found at 
least two or three so-called “milk 
veins.” These extend from the front of 
the udder, one on each side on the belly, 
and pass forward with more or less 
twisted movement perhaps for one-third 
or half way to the front legs, where they 
disappear through a small aperture 
known as the “milk well,” into the ab¬ 
domen. The length, size and twist of 
these veins differ. One may at rare in¬ 
tervals see a milk vein extending the 
entire length of belly, and disappearing 
at the arm pits. Again, these veins may 
be very small and with few curves, or 
they may be large and well twisted and 
most noticeable. Young cows have less 
conspicuous veins than do more mature 
ones, the same as the veins on the hands 
of young people are less conspicuous 
than those of persons of age and ma¬ 
turity. A large, long, twisted milk vein 
is considered an Indication of good milk¬ 
ing capacity. If this vein passes Into 
the abdomen through a large milk well, 
it is more to be desired than entering 
through a small aperture. Between these 
two large veins, which pass along the 
under side of the belly, as one might say, 
at the margins, will often be found a 
third and shorter mtlk vein. 'Sometimes 
the space in front of the udder for a 
short distance, and between the two 
large milk veins, Is covered with a net¬ 
work of veins. This is rarely found, 
however, and then, as I believe, only on 
cows of great milking capacity. Be¬ 
sides this, veins will be occasionally 
seen on the exterior of the udder. 
C. S. PLUME. 
Leg and Body Wash. 
Race horses often become sore 
and stiff f rom continued strain 
on the hard tracks. Nothint; takes 
out this stiffnese and soreness 
likea wash compounded of diluted 
Tuttle’s Elixir 
apply to the leg's and put on light 
bandages.Spongethe body and put 
on light blanket. Ouarunteed to 
kproduco desired results or money 
_ ’back. 
Readvllle Trotting Park, Mass., March 23,1900. 
Dr. S. A. Tuttle, V. S. 
Dear Sir:—I haTe used your Elixir for the past ten years, in the 
diluted form for a leg and body wash. I consider It the best wash 
for keeping horses from soring up. Horses done up'with this wash 
are much lesa liable to take cold than when doneup with witch hazel 
or any other wash I erer used. J. H. NAY. 
Our lOO-page book, “Veterinary Experience,” FREE. 
Dr. S. A. TUTTLE, 36 Beverly St., Boston, Miss. 
Beware of soKutlled Elixirs—noae gennine bat Tuttle’s. 
Avoid all blisters; they offer only temporary relief If any. 
Best Gall Care on Earth 
considerable space between them. Then 
the chest should appear rather deep, and 
be well sprung out behind the shoulders 
at the point marked “crops” on Fig. 224. 
On dairy cattle this point usually is 
more depressed than on beef cattle, but 
it is none the less desirable to have a 
well-sprung body here, for this part cov¬ 
ers the vital organs, and so requires 
plenty of chest room. Consequently, 
from the withers on top to the brisket 
below should be depth, with ample 
diameter between. 
The Wedge Shape. —Instead oi put¬ 
ting her food into flesh, the typical dairy 
cow converts what she does not require 
to sustain life, into milk. And so, if of 
the right sort, she will be more lean, 
muscular and angular of outline than 
the butcher most enjoys. She should 
not look emaciated, but her muscles 
must be visible, and her ribs just slight¬ 
ly so. A cow thus lean, of the dairy 
type, presents a general conformation 
part of this organ which Is very general¬ 
ly defective. Fig. 227 represents a too- 
common form, where the front udder Is 
abbreviated, so that the front teats are 
suspended or hung considerably above 
the hind ones. This is a very inferior 
form. As the reader can see, the front 
udder in Fig. 226 passes outside the line 
of a circle, while that of Fig. 227 Is well 
within the line. The front udder Is the 
more generally defective part, and so 
most score cards of dairy cattle attach a 
greater number of points to the front 
than to the hind part, owing to its nat¬ 
ural weakness. When a cow is stand¬ 
ing in a natural position, and she Is not 
too far advanced in lactation, and her 
udder is fairly well filled with milk, 
then the outline of the hind part should 
curve up perceptibly beyond the leg to¬ 
wards the vulva, and the higher up the 
better. 
What It Is.—The udder consists of 
two glands lying side by side, held to 
Mailed anywhere for 60 cents. 
MOORE BROS., Veterinary Surgeons, Albany, N. Y 
TTHM OEAIN-HANQING | 
Cattle Stanchion i 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever Ja | 
■vented. Gives perfect freedom of the head. Illustrated 
Circular and Price free on application. Manuf aotarod i 
by O. H. ROBERTSON, ForestvUie, Conn. 
Stanchion 
—belnaanlmproveinent over 
iBmltb’a Lighteet, strongest, 
laickeit, iafMt iwiiig Bteacklca 
bu 4«. HasitaalUick aalBetaastle 
lock. BeoomM ststlMury wkm 
ABlmalcauettira Itii hasb- 
iagOBt. MsdeefbaetMasoBSlhonl 
wood. PlutorfaitcalBg wltk 
stanchion. Send for Uotlaetelaia, 
:j.l. WILDER* SOM. 
ORR’S FLY KILLER IS THE BEST 
Kills Flies and Lice on Cattle and Horses. 
Gives Cows Comfort, hence more milk. 
Keeps Flies off Horses, hence more work. 
Purifies the Stable, hence health and safety 
One gallon can $1, and Keystone Sprayer $1, both 
sent express prepaid for SI.50, to introduce it. 
Five-gallon can, freight prepaid, $4 00. 
T. E. ORR,663 Liberty Street, Pittsburgh, Pa 
Breeders’ Directory 
JERSEY BULL 
Yearling—registered, from a great show cow; al¬ 
most faultless, by a producing sire. Farmer's price. 
R. F. shannon, 907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
123 HOLSTEINSK 
DELLHDRST FARMS, Mentor. Ohio. 
pop Cl| C—PurebredHolsteln-Frleslans Two 
run wALk Registered Bulls ready for service 
Also Bull Calves. All of above from best families. 
W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull 
ready for service, and a fine lot of Bull Calves. Best 
of breeding, and from deep producing families. 
C. K. RECORD. Peterboro. N. Y. 
F or sale—T horoughbred 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE 
of the best families. Also, 80 high-bred BnUs at 
reasonable prices. Write the MAPLES STOCK 
FARM, Binghamton, N. Y., Wm. Rood, Prop 
Wanted—Horses, Cattle and Sheep. 
I want two registered Black Percheron Stallions 
and six mares or fillies; one German Coach Stallion 
and six mares or fillies; one Jack; two registered 
Polled Angus Bulls and 10 Heifers; one registered 
•lersey Bull and 10 Heifers and .50 Shropshire Sheep, 
In exchange for farm lands, at prices ranging from 
$10 to $20 per acre. This is a chance for stock raisers 
to get a farm for “ the boys.” Address WILLIAM 
HERRICK, care of Morgan & Wright, Chicago, 111. 
PCP|fC|||pCC—Best quality and breeding. 
DCniVwlllllkw Imported sire. Ohio Kami, 
Le Roy, Ohio. M. L. & H. H. BENHAM. 
CIVACEY EARM. 
A few more Berkshire Pigs for sale; Storm King 
and Longfellow strains. One Jersey Bull Calf; Com¬ 
bination and St. Lambert blood. 
SAMUEL HERSHBERGER, Mgr., Grantsvllle, Md. 
and O. WMU$, Oholee Plgi, 
8 weeks old, mated not akin. 
Bred Bows and Servioe Boars. 
PoiMrv- Write for hard Hint* 
vrict* and free olronlar. 
HAMIIiTOH * 00., Bosenriok, Chester Co., Pa. 
Collie Pups 
—Spayed Females. Circulars. SILAS 
DECKER, South Montrose, Pa. 
FOR SALE 
—Purebred Gordon Setter Pups, 
both sexes. Parents perfect 
field workers. 
M. SAGER, Orangeville, Pa 
9AIUI WBRBTS. Flrst-olass stock. Boms 
kUvU Trained. New prloe-Ust free. 
N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, LOraln Co., 0 
■ finely-bred Lord Britain and Kashoda 
I I II I Does, at following prices; Does scoring 
W w# 90 to 92 points, 13; Does scoring 92 to 94 
points, $4; Does scoring 94 points or better, $.5-laid 
down at yonr door, express paid. A few very choice 
bucks at very low prices. All stock scored by P. E 
Crabtree or by one of his graduates. 
D. W. TALLMAN, Longmont, Colo 
LUMP JAW 
Elasily and thoroughly eared- 
New, oommon.aenBe method, 
lot expensive. Ne ear^ 
^ay. FREE. ApraoticaI|tn- 
ifltrated treatise on theabeo- 
Inteonreof Lamp Jaw, free to 
readersof thispaper. 
Flemlac Broa., ohemiste, 
SmtHi StMk TsrCs. Ckl(a». Ul 
Daafh to Lico 
D. J. LAMBHBr 
on Hens and Chicks. 
__84-page Book FBBK. 
J. LAMBHBT, Box307, Apponaug, B. 1. 
7FNAIFIIM Kills Lice, Ticks, Mites, Fleas, Etc., 
on all kinds ot animals and poultry. UtTH 
tnteinAlly it drlrea out wormB. Cures sll cuts, wonndsy sores, eta 
Nos>poisonons. Endorsedbj leading vet*>rtDarlani. “Veterinary Ad¬ 
viser” free. Zenner DlMlnfeetant Co* 100 Bates 8t* DeirolU llleb.' 
SHOO-FLYvB- 
Kills tvery fly It •trike.; keeps off tht reit. Bermleia to men oi 
boset. M oent'i worth HToe S qte. milk .od muoh flesh. 
Bend $1.00 for Improred Sprayer and enough Shoo.Fly to 
proteet 100 cows, or 25 cents for liquid alone. Guaranteed 
•BOO-KLY HTG. (X>., 1005 rairmonat Are. . FhlIadelpbla,Pa. 
Make your Cow Comfortable 
Positively prevents 
files from annoy¬ 
ing cows or 
; rids Bta- 
of flies, 
keeps stock 
good tem¬ 
pered and in 
line condi¬ 
tion. A boon 
to every 
stock owner. 
Apply to your 
nearest dealer 
or write for 
booklet and 
prices. 
H. W. Doughten, 
Moorestown, 
N. J. 
THE FULL MILK PAIL 
atteste the value and is the sure result of the use of our 
NEW CENTURY FLY KILLER OIL. 
Thereisno“fly time” where It isused. Absolutely sate barms 
neither man nor beast and will not taint milk. It is most 
evenly and cheaply applied with our Special Sprayer. 
Calves and young stock can’t thrive and grow “ 
fighting files. It’s equally valuable for horses 1 ^ 
nervousness” and has saved many a “run off and Binasn- 
up.” Ask your dealer for It. If not theie, send to us 
lor Sprayer and enough Killer to protect aoU 
or other animals. We are the sole manufacturers anfl 
want agrents everywhere* w 
D. B. SMITH & CO., UTICA, N. Y. 
