1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
527 
FARM AND DAIRY NOTES. 
A Good Sido. —Without boasting we 
have the best round stave silo it has 
been my privilege to see. I described it 
in The R. N.-Y. last Winter. The spe¬ 
cial features were thick staves to pre¬ 
vent freezing, hooped with steel wire 
rope, i^-inch, and the doors hung on the 
outside, swinging out instead of in. The 
thickness, 2%-inch, quite prevented 
freezing, and it is pretty cold in Lewis 
County. The wire cable resisted the ex¬ 
treme cold without breaking, and the 
silage was just as good next to the doors 
as it was anywhere. The doors swing 
on heavy hinges fastened with an ice¬ 
box fastener or clamp. No one has dis¬ 
agreed with me who has seen this silo. 
Use More Miek. —It is a prevailing 
custom among farmers in my observa¬ 
tion to be very careful in the consump¬ 
tion of their money crop. The milk 
farmer is very sparing in the use of 
milk. The producer of cheese eats com¬ 
paratively a small amount. In the but¬ 
ter dairies the same rule is adhered to. 
I'he fact, is, we need education in food 
values. I have many times lessened the 
amount of milk my wife asked me to get 
for the day’s use—just a little you know. 
It lessened the day’s record at the weigh 
can. Now I think how foolish. Prof. 
.4twater found it required .28 pound of 
protein and 1% pound carbohydrates for 
a working man each day. I had not 
(“ome to realize a great economic law— 
that our milk was sold at wholesale, and 
everything purchased was bought at re¬ 
tail, or at the best a semi-wholesale 
price. Compare a dressed beef with 
milk, which contains 14.7 per cent re¬ 
fuse and 51.2 per cent water; total 65.9 
per cent, leaving 34.1 per cent solid mat¬ 
ter. Probably nine cents would be a fair 
retail price for a whole beef in city, town 
and country. This price would make the 
solids in 100 pounds worth 26.4 cents 
per pound. The average price of milk 
would not exceed five cents a quart, or 
on a basis of 100 pounds we should have 
13 pounds of solids, or 46 quarts, sell¬ 
ing for $2.30, or 17.7 cents for a pound 
of solids, a saving in favor of 
milk of 8.7 cents per pound dry matter. 
In other words, milk would be as cheap 
at seven cents a quart as an entire beef 
animal at nine cents a pound. We must 
supply the .28 pound of protein and 1% 
pound carbohydrates from some source. 
Why sell milk at two cents a quart, an 
average wholesale price to the farmer in 
crude milk and manufactured products, 
and buy beef at nine cents? Let us re¬ 
verse our figures. Milk at two cents a 
quart is equivalent to beef at 2.28 cents 
a pound for an entire carcass. We have 
not considered the greater digestibility 
of milk. The average eonsumption of 
milk is less than one-half pint per 
capita. Why not use more milk? 
Financial Problems. —When one has 
an ambition to do, and finds himself 
handicapped by inability to adjust and 
arrange the finances of the business, 
what is he to do? In my own case there 
are three elements that have to he 
curbed or spurred to keep them working. 
They are ambition, the actual necessi¬ 
ties of the case, and funds to operate 
with. I wonder whether any of The R. 
N.-Y. readers are ever thus abridged, and 
have to call a halt to take latitude and 
longitude. It is just as necessary on the 
farm as on the ocean; to keep a proper 
equilibrium is no easy matter. To illus¬ 
trate: For several years the gray mat¬ 
ter of improvement has been in the as¬ 
cendency; new buildings, repairing, 
painting, cleaning up old hedgerows and 
work of that nature, that did not add 
very materially to the producing power 
of the business. Over a mile of stone 
wall along fences has been cleaned up, 
bushes pulled out and the land culti¬ 
vated, until what formerly was of no 
value is now producing crops. The in¬ 
come may not be large, but it looks bet¬ 
ter. A man may be fed through the eyes 
as well as through the mouth, as is 
proven by the rapid increase in the 
growth and sale of flowers in this coun¬ 
try. In 1800 there were three commer¬ 
cial florists; 1850, 300; 1880, 2,000; 1890, 
5,500, and last year $20,000,000 was ex¬ 
pended for flowers. A bouquet of flow¬ 
ers on the table will aid digestion. These 
improvements have had the same effect. 
To-morrow’s Results. —It is right 
here that the secret of success is found. 
The results of to-day are not the means 
of yesterday. The profitable dairy cow 
was bred five years ago. If she is un¬ 
profitable it is then too late to change 
the.cause. Don’t you think farmers do 
not do as well as they would if results 
could be seen immediately following the 
cause? The thorough protracted culti¬ 
vation of a field shows perhaps more on 
the succeeding crop than upon the one 
just planted. Another thing not general¬ 
ly considered or practiced, if known, is 
that the same labor spent harrowing a 
piece of land over a period of two weeks 
will be more effective than if put on in 
a single week. The old Summer fallow 
abundantly proved the advantage of pro¬ 
tracted cultivation. Nitrification, and 
the dissolving of plant food from the 
minerals of the soil could not take place 
FRONT OF UDDER DEFECTIVE. Fig. 327. 
in a moment. Everyone knows the action 
of air and moisture on vegetative mat¬ 
ter, bringing on rapid decay. Stirring 
the soil does the same for the humus it 
contains, and the value of a soil after all 
depends upon its humus content. It has 
been interesting to note the condition of 
soils In different sections. The soils of 
northern New York, as a rule, are not 
deficient in humus. It is a dairy section, 
which means that most of the vegetation 
i.T fed upon the farm. The long Winters, 
with snow and frost, have their advan¬ 
tage, unlike the New Jersey soils lying 
exposed a greater portion of the year, 
subject to heat and rains. The New Jer¬ 
sey farmer who does not supply a cover 
crop is losing money. I was interested 
last Winter in the repeated question why 
the oats did not do well. Prof. Voorheeg 
finally came to the rescue, saying that 
their soils had been exposed so long that 
the readily available nitrogen needed by i 
the early growing oat plant had been 
lost during the Winter, and there was j 
not time for heat and moisture to create 
more of this necessary ingredient until 
it was too late for the oats. Cultivation 
is the great want in snowy, frosty sec¬ 
tions, and cover crops where land is 
open. It is my observation that this 
distinction has not been made either by 
the institute workers or the agricul¬ 
tural writers. h. e. cook. 
Increased Penalties. —Last Spring 
The R. N.-Y. referred to the penalties 
for violating the agricultural law In New 
York, Too many cases were being 
quietly settled by lawyers in the civil 
courts. The following from the New 
York Produce Review is encouraging: j 
Just before the end of the last session of 
the New York Legislature a change In the 
penalties for violation of the State agri¬ 
cultural law was quietly made—so quietly 
that few people knew anything about It 
until the amendment had become effective 
as a part of our statutes. Formerly the 
minimum penalty for violation was $26 fine 
for both civil and criminal cases, and the 
ofilcers of the Agricultural Department 
were hampered somewhat in the prosecu¬ 
tion of oleo cases by the smallness of the 
lines often imposed. It was through their 
efforts that the law was amended so as to 
enforce a greater penalty and make the 
breaking of the law a more serious matter. 
In criminal cases for the sale of oleomar¬ 
garine colored to imitate butter, the mini¬ 
mum penalty for first offense is now $50 
and the maximum $200, while for the sec¬ 
ond offense the minimum penalty is now 
six months’ imprisonment. In civil ca.‘<es 
the minimum tine is now $50 for the first 
and $100 for the second offense. Most of 
the actions against oleo sellers are brought 
in the criminal courts, and the Increase of 
minimum penalties will doubtless be of as¬ 
sistance to the authorities in discouraging 
violations. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R- N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
"asquaredeal.” Seeour guarantee 8th page. 
empire: 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
C/XTAi-OQUE: free: 
U.S.BUTTER EXTRACTOR C0..BL0DMFIELD.N.J 
WESTERN OFFICE FISHER BLDG.CHICAGO. 
The Improved 
U. S. Separator 
HAS LED in the past, 
IS LEADING at present, 
WILL LEAD in the future, 
because of its 
Clean Skimming 
Eaiy Running 
One-piece Frame 
Enclosed Gears 
Simplicity 
Durability 
Etc. 
Prices range from $50^00 
upward 
Write for illustrated catalogues 
Sharples“Tubular 
Dairy Separator 
the latest product of the 
world’s leading Cream 
Separator manufactory. 
HIGHEST PRIZE (KNIGHT'S 
DECORATION) AWARDED 
AT PARIS. 
No disks to bother with 
and wa.sh. Are very easy 
turners. 
Guaranteed to produce enough 
more butter than the best compet¬ 
ing separator to pay 6% on whole 
first cost of machine each year. 
Five sizes—$50 to $200 each. 
Valuable book on “Riislness Dairying'* 
and Catalogue Na lis free. 
Sharpies Co., P, M. Sharpies, 
Chicago, III. West Chester, Pi. 
n 
Save$ 10 perCow 
EVERY TEAR OF USB. 
De Laval Cream Separators 
Prices, $50 to $800. 
* Alpha” and ‘‘Baby"styles. Send for Catalogue 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., 
Bandolpb and Canal Streets. I 74 Cortlandt Street, 
CHICAGO. I NEW YORK. 
15% TO 25% MORE MILK 
and Better Milk if Protected trom Flies by the use of CHILD’S SO-BOS-SO KILFLY. 
It Is a thorough fly killer and germicide, it 
destroys all bacterial germs, insures health, 
greater .strength and vigor to the animals 
and by the absolute relief afforded to them 
Increases tlie amoimt of milk $8.(X) to $10.00 
per cow during the season you will find It 
the best Investment you ever made. 
It allays nervousness In horses as well as 
cows and keeps both In better general con¬ 
dition. As an antiseptic and for scours in 
calves, hog cholera, swine plague and foul In 
cattles’ feet It Is unequaled and may he used 
either In the stable, cow shed, chicken house 
or pig pen. 
It Is easily and rapidly applied with Childs’ 
Electric Sprayer, and a herd of 30 to 60 cows 
can he sprayed In a few moments. SO-BOS-SO 
Is absolutely harmless to man and beast. 
Abortion In cows, which Is caused by 3 
germ-propagated by unsanitary conditions 
—can be prevented by the use of SO-BOS-SO 
KILFLY. 
Sold only In gallon cans. Ask your dealer 
or send $2.00 for one gallonfcanfand Electric 
Sprayer complete, securely packed and ex¬ 
press paid to any point east of the Missis¬ 
sippi River except State of Maine. 
Tlte Sprayer can also be used for spraying 
potato vines, bushes, trees, etc. Beware of 
Imitations. 
CONVENIENT. CHEAP. PRACTICAL. 
Thousands are In use in America, Canada and Mexico. Shipments have 
begun to Cuba, the Philippines, South America and Australia. 
I have used 8o-Bos-So Kilffy with go 
MBnlts. It Is a comfort to both man and beast 
the milking time. Jacob Stktbki., 
Supt. to the Hon. John K. Parsons 
Phii,adki.phia, Pa., May 2,1900. 
Last July the dally quantity of milk produced 
by my Chester County Dairy fell off very con¬ 
siderably, which I attributed to the annoyance 
which the cattle received from the flies. About 
half the time the herd was standing in a stream 
switching instead of grazing. I ordered a sam¬ 
ple of So-Bos-.So ICilfly and by having it ap¬ 
plied every second morning, greatly relieved the 
herd and Increased the milk product from 15 to 
25 per cent, and I have continued to use So-Bos- 
So Killly during hot weather ever since that 
time. Our herd of about twenty head could be 
sprayed in the stable In less time than it would 
require to milk a single cow, and I consider that 
I saved many times the cost of the So-Bos-So 
Kilfly used in addition to affording comfort to 
the herd. Q. S. W. Bbubakxk. 
Lknox, Mass., April 23,1900. 
We used So-Bos-So Kilfly last summer, on 
cows and 1 orses with excellent results, it being 
much more satisfactory than anything else of 
the kind we have ever tried. 
A. H. WiNGXTT, Supt. Allen Wlnden Farm. 
CHAS. H. CHILDS & CO., Sole Mfrs., 
12 LaFayette St., tJTICA, N. Y. 
