1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORkER 
Rye and Clover for Green Manure. 
IF. L. M., Searisburg, N. Y.—I have a seven- 
acre field that is badly covered with Can¬ 
ada thistles. How shall I treat it to eradi¬ 
cate the thistles and at the same time add 
humus, and if possible realize something 
of a crop next year? I think of plowing 
now and sowing soon to rye. Can I sow 
Crimson clover in rye and plow all under 
next May or early June, and plant to po¬ 
tatoes? There is a heavy growth of thistles 
to turn under. Soil, clay loam. Would it 
be best to plow early next Spring, turn¬ 
ing under wheat, rye and clover, sow peas, 
and treat as described by K. S. Wing? 
Ans.—I f we had that field in our own 
farm in New Jersey we would plow it 
as soon as possible and try to work it 
over at least twice with a Cutaway or 
spring-tooth harrow. During the first 
week in August we would sow one 
bushel of rye and a peck of Crimson 
clover per acre. This would make a 
good growth. In September, if the field 
were well fenced, we would turn in pigs 
and lot them eat down the crop—'taking 
them out early enough to give a fair 
growth before the ground freezes. In the 
Spring we would plow the rye and 
clover under w’hen the rye is a little 
over knee high, if it were possible to 
do so. When rye gets much larger than 
this we find that it decays slowly, and 
does not add much fertility to the crop 
that follows it. The plan of sowing peas 
to grow between rye and potatoes seems 
reasonable, but we have never tried it. 
When Grain Heats in the Bin. 
C. N. R., Canton, Pa.—On page 504 of The 
R. N.-Y. I notice advice in speaking of 
thrashing wheat, to store in tight bins, 
and if it heats to use bisulphide of carbon 
at once. I cannot understand how this would 
save wheat from heating. I once lost a 
lot of wheat and rye from early thrashing 
because of heating. I now have about 300 
bushels of rye in shock, which I would 
like to thrash early but am afraid to be¬ 
cause of heating. I had thought of hand¬ 
ling from bin after three or four days of 
storing. Can you make me any sugges¬ 
tions? 
Ans. —We referred to the heating 
caused by the Angoumois moth or the 
grain weevil. One indication of the 
presence of these insects Is the heating 
of the grain. When the hand thrust 
down into the grain feels hot, or quite 
warm, it is a good indication that the 
insects are at work, t hen the bisul¬ 
phide of carlmn should be put on top 
of the grain. Pour it into a deep dish 
and cover the top of the bin. If the 
grain is not dry enough when thrashed 
it may be stored in bags. This is done 
in New Jersey, where the Angoumois 
moth is found. The bags should be well 
filled and tied up tight, so that when the 
moths emerge from the grain they can¬ 
not get out, and die before starting an¬ 
other brood. The bagged grain can be 
put in a dry airy place, so that it will 
not heat. 
HOW MUCH FOR THE MANAGER ? 
Two men in West Virginia Intend to 
set 50 acres in apples and peaches. One 
man wants the other to take entire charge 
of the planting, cultivating, pruning, etc. 
What would be a fair money allowance 
for the man who does this work for say 
five years, while the trees are coming into 
bearing? 
I think a fair remuneration $600 per 
year for the first five years, with one- 
half of the net profits. After the third 
year, if well cared for, the peaches 
should yield quite a handsome Income. 
Owensboro, Ky. j, h. h. 
From a New England Standpoint. 
Conditions in Virginia and New Eng¬ 
land are so much different that estimat¬ 
ing the value of such services in one 
place would be very much out of place 
in the other. I have a letter from a large 
fruit grower in North Carolina stating 
that he can hire the best of help for 80 
cents per day. That class of help in this 
part of New England would cost $1.75 
per day of 10 hours. If conditions are 
the same in Virginia, it would readily 
be seen that to supervise an orchard of 
50 acres would cost only about one-half 
what it would cost in New England. A 
person of sufficient qualifications prop¬ 
erly to oversee an orchard of 60 acres 
for the first five years after setting, 
could command a salary of from $700 to 
$900 per year in New England. Fruit 
growers everywhere, I think, will agree 
that the first five years of an orchard’s 
life are the most critical in its history. 
To prepare land, fertilize, set trees, cul¬ 
tivate, prune, spray and leave the or¬ 
chard in what a thorough orchardist 
would call first-class condition at the 
end of five years, requires a man of far 
more than ordinary ability. As it would 
take only three months per year of the 
overseer’s time for the first three years, 
I should estimate $175 per year for the 
first three years a fair compensation. As 
the peach trees would come into bear¬ 
ing, the foui'th and fifth year would re¬ 
quire more time, and as good judgment 
as would the growing of the trees. I 
think that $350 per year for the last two 
years would be a fair compensation, the 
company to pay traveling and incidental 
expenses. If an equal owner in the com¬ 
pany should assume these duties he 
would receive only one-'half of this 
amount, as the other one-half would be 
his own. s. r. walker. 
Massachusetts. 
What a Virginian Says. 
I will make a few suggestions to those 
contemplating planting orchards. Con¬ 
sider suitability of soil and adaptability 
of variety planted. In this there have 
been many failures. Observe care in 
preparation of the land, which should 
be plowed very deep, when the land is 
soft if possible (not wet); say in No¬ 
vember and December. The Winter frost 
will almost prepare it for the. Spring 
planting. As soon as the Spring opens 
put the land In thorough order, and if 
the variety is of large growth plant 40 
feet apart; no variety closer than 32 feet 
apart. Peach trees can b6 alternated 
one way between the apple trees, and 
they will not materially affect the apples 
before they will die out. To do this the 
land should be good; otherwise it would 
affect the growth of the apple trees. 
Now if the manager or overseer 
named will take hold of the work and 
apply himself closely and labor as well 
as direct the work, the time needed for 
the first three years (until the peach 
crop comes in) Will be comparatively 
little, beginning March 1 and closing by 
August 1. After that time there should 
be very little to do in the way of culti¬ 
vation, say five months, and here with 
us I would have no difficulty in getting 
an experienced man at $1.25 to $1.50 per 
day, without board, or in other words 
say $40 per month. As this is to be a 
partnership matter of course the man¬ 
ager or overseer, who is a partner, 
should be paid by his partner $20 per 
month for his services, a. wayland. 
Virginia. 
EVERYBODY'S GARDEN. 
The Black Squash Bug. —The rav¬ 
ages of this pest are so widespread that 
various remedies gathered from widely 
different sources may not be amiss, as 
if one preventive Is not at hand, another 
may be, or be easily accessible. In gen¬ 
eral, the best preventive is thorough cul¬ 
ture and high fertilizing, in order if pos¬ 
sible to make the growth of vines so 
rapid and vigorous that the bugs will be 
practically harmless. Spraying with 
any of the insecticides will be of no 
avail, as these bugs are not leaf-eaters, 
but sap-suckers. However, gas tar, 
about five gallons to the barrel of water, 
sprinkled or sprayed on, is a remedy 
long in use and said to be effective. 
Hunting out and destroying is a sure 
way, buit somewhat tedious in large 
areas. If this plan is followed, the bet¬ 
ter way is to place shingles or boards 
near the hills late in the afternoon. The 
bugs will gather under these at night 
and may be easily gathered and de¬ 
stroyed in the early morning while they 
are yet sluggish. They are sly workers, 
and nearly always work on the under 
side of the vine near the main stem, so 
that often much damage is done before 
their presence is discovered. Kerosene 
oil and wood ashes, a tablespoonful of 
the former to two quarts of the latter, 
sprinkled around the hills, will general¬ 
ly keep them off, and sprinkled over the 
vines when damp is also a good remedy 
for the striped beetle. 
Squash Vine Borer. —This is a very 
troublesome pest in many localities, but 
usually comes later than the olack bug. 
The fiy usually comes late in July, and 
the borer begins its work early in Au¬ 
gust. Sometimes they appear earlier, 
but early or late, as soon as they are 
discovered even in a single vine, it is 
high time to apply the remedies. To¬ 
bacco dust liberally applied around the 
hill is a remedy against the borer, and 
a good fertilizer as well. On vines 
where they have already started their 
work, two or three’ leaf joints of each 
vine should be covered with moist earth. 
If well done the vines will take new 
roots at the covered joints, and the 
plants may be saved even if the main 
root dies. Doubtless the most effective 
remedy is bisulphide of carbon. Make 
a hole an inch deep in the soil of the 
hill, and about three inches from the 
main stem, drop a few drops of the 
liquid in the hole and cover it imme¬ 
diately. The fumes will work upward 
through the vines, and not only destroy 
the moth and eggs, but the odors will 
effectually keep the fiy away. Great 
care must be taken in handling it or 
carrying it not to inhale the fumes, as it 
l3 very poisonous, and it must by no 
means ever be brought in contact with 
fire, as it is highly explosive. 
Celery Rust. —Extended experiments 
at some of the experiment stations have 
demonstrated that thoroughly spraying 
with the Bordeaux Mixture at intervals 
of say, two weeks, during the season, 
will effectually prevent the rust. When 
there is danger of the trouble, it should 
certainly be thoroughly tried, for the 
rust is a troublesome factor in success¬ 
ful celery growing. 
The Asparagus Bed. —^T'he bed should 
receive extra care fixim now on, and all 
seed stalks should be cut out. The 
ripening of the seed severely taxes the 
vitality of the roots, which is entirely 
needless. The plants growing up from 
the scattered seed become a nuisance; 
fully as much so as weeds, and the less 
seed ripening that is allowed the better. 
An application of salt will be beneficial, 
and while a difference of opinion exists 
regarding its usefulness, there is no 
doubt but that it will retard the weed 
growth, which of itself is an object. 
Michigan. j. e. morse. 
England Is having the most severe 
drought that has been known In 11 years. 
The water supply of Manchester Is becom¬ 
ing so scanty that it is shut off from eight 
at night to five In the morning, and street 
sprinkling has been given up. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
IT’S NO TROUBLE 
for U8 to tell why PAGE Fences outl.'ist others, nor 
why they stay up and don’t sag. Ask us. 
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., ADRIAN, MICH. 
linDCC DnilfCDC thrashbrs 
nunoc run UnOf and CLRANSRS. 
One*two-horse Thrashing Outfits. Level nilTTCDP 
Tread, Pat. Governor, Feed and Ensilage UU I I tnO 
ELLIS KEYSTONE AGR’LWORKS,Pottstown,Pa 
F. L. MAINE, General Agent, WlUet, N. Y. 
Dawson’s Golden 
Chaff Wheat 
TRUE STOCK. 
We take pleasure In offering this variety which 
has succeeded when all others failed, owing to 
ravages of the fly. Highly recommended by 
Prof. I. P. Roberts, of Cornell University. Our 
crop this year averaged 40 bushels to the acre. 
Price, per bushel, $1; bags additional. 
ELLWANGER 6c BARRY, 
Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. 
CCpn \A/UCAT^ Description of best and poorest. 
OL LU If n LM I 0 Many varieties entirely ruined. 
Write to-day. Smith’s Wheat Farm, Manchester.N Y. 
L Fpn mmr H T*—Poole, Mealy, etc. Al. 
I graded, recleaoedand 
WWllfciF* I graded, recleaned and free from 
weeds, dirt, etc. Sure K'owers, big yielders. New Mammoth 
White Rye and new crop Timothy for fall sowing. Prompt 
ahipmenia. Write for prices, etc. Q. C. SHEPARD CO., Medina, 0. 
CRIMSON CLOVER SEED-?r„.'ZL w 
R. 8. JOHNSTON, Box 100, Stockley, Del. 
Home-Grown Crimson Clover Seed. 
Choice Japanese Buckwheat. Seed Wheat and Win¬ 
ter Oats. J. K. HOLLAND, Milford, Del, 
Delaware Crimson Clover Seed 
Send for sample and prices. I am not a dealer, but 
offer only choice seed of my own growing. 
K. H. VAN DYKE, Dover, Del. 
nCI CRY Cabbage Plants only $l per 1,000. 
ULULni 100 Strawberry Plants In pots for $1. 
Crimson Clover Seed of our own growing. Catalogue 
free. SLaYMAKKR Jt SON, Dover, Del. 
Beautiful Strawberries in 1902 
We can furnish you with 
pot-grown Strawberry Plants 
that will bear a full crop of 
fruit next year. Celery and 
Cabbage Plants. Full line of 
Fruit and Ornameotal Stock. 
Write at once for our Summer 
and Autumn catalogue. It 
explains all. Fruit packages 
of all kinds for sale at low 
prices. T. J. DWYER & SON. 
Orange County Nurseries, Box 1, Cornwall, N. Y. 
m 
STAI 
K TREES SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL. 
Fruit Hook Free. Result of 76 years' experience. 
STARK BROS.. Louisiana, Ho.; Bansville, N.Y* 
BUDS IN SEASON 
Peach, Apple, Pear and Plum. Write for 
prices, giving quantity wanted. 
HARRISON’S NURSERIES, Box 29, Berlin, Md. 
The Best 
Method in 
the World 
100 000 APPLE: 
for planting Aiiple 'rrees, and our 
now jirice list free. Every planter 
should have this ME'rilOD, and 
our prices. 'I'liey arc l)Oth Inter 
ostlngand helpful to him. 
SOO.OOO I’EACH; 40,000 YORK l.M- 
PEHIAL (a money-maker In spite of what they say), 
and thousands of other trees. 
WOODVIEW NUKSKUIES, Box 100, Uriah, Pa. 
Headquarters 
ior the October Purple l*luiu and 
Oreeii M.ouiitain Orape. The larg'est 
New England nursery. .500 acres. Strong 
stock of all fruits, ornamental trees and 
shrubs. Caitalogue free. 
STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS, New Canaan, Conn. 
It VAPOR 4T0R “The Granger” for fruits and vege 
Lvaruaillull tables, ass, «8 CUcular 
EASTERN MFG. CO., 267 South 5th St.. I’hila., Pa. 
The BEST Cattle 
Fastening 
SMITH’S Self- 
Adjnsting Swing 
Stanchion The only 
Practical swing .stan¬ 
chion Invented. Thou¬ 
sands in use. Illust'd 
Circular free. 
GLENORA MFG. CO., 
Glenora, Yates County, 
N Y. Infringements 
will be prosecuted. 
BALESl^"* HAYl 
The Gem Fnli-Ohrcle Baler, lightest, 
■trongest, cheapest baler. Made of wronght steel. 
Operated hr 1 or 2 horses. Bales 10 to 16 tons a d.ay. 
bold on 6 days trial. Catalogue free. Addreas 
CrO. ERTEL COm Quincy, HU 
„ con¬ 
ns 100 lbs. of new, 
xed wire nails 
im about 3 to 40 penny 
e. Order a .Sample Keg. Write 
• Free Catalogue No. .4? on 
tiding material and supplies. 
;:micaqo house wrecking co. ^ 
TWrtj^FIftli 6ad Iron tttrteUy • • • CUICAOO. f 
HRIMSON GLOVER 
Clover I8 mailed free. ||CNRY A. nHFFB. 
In sowing this valuable clover it is im 
portant that American seed is used. We 
supply genuine Delaware seed only. Our 
special circular describing uses of Crimson 
HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut Si., Philadelphia, Pa. 
