1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
BOOK BULLETIN 
FOR SALE BY THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
The American Fruit Culturist, by 
John J. Thomas. Practical directions for 
the propagation and culture of all fruits 
adapted to the United States, with full, 
illustrated descriptions of varieties. Price, 
postpaid, $2.50. 
Fertilizers, by E. B. Voorhees. The 
source, character and composition of nat¬ 
ural, homemade and manufactured fertil¬ 
izers, and suggestions for their use for 
different crops and conditions. Price, post¬ 
paid, $1.50. 
The Survival of the Unlike, by L. H. 
Bailey. A collection of evolution essays 
suggested by the study of domestic plants 
A most interesting work for those who care 
to investigate the variation of type and 
habit of plants. Price, postpaid, $2. 
Cut-price Books. Any of these 20-cent 
books sent postpaid on receipt of 10 cents: 
My Plandkerchief Garden. 
Accidents and Emergencies. 
How to Plant a Place. 
Modillcatlon of Plants by Climate. 
Tuberous Begonias. 
Cooking Cauliflower. 
Ensilage and Silo. 
Country Roads. 
MARKET NOTES 
MEUONS.—The hot weather has made an 
active demand, and watermelon prices con¬ 
tinue high. There is more than the usual 
complaint of small sizes. Muskmelons are 
very irregular in quality. Anything that 
can be classed as fancy brings high figures. 
TOMATOES.—Large quantities of the 
Jersey crop are now on hand, and the few 
remaining receipts from the South are sell¬ 
ing at a discount. The highest price noted 
is $2 per bushel box for Jersey Acme. This 
is excessive, and $1 to $1.60 will cover the 
bulk of the sales. 
BUTTER EXPORTS.—Shipments to Eu¬ 
rope during the month of June exceeded 
2.300,000 pounds. This was about double the 
amount for the same month last year, and 
was a much larger business than had been 
looked for by the trade. This increase is 
partly accounted for by drought in Con¬ 
tinental butter-producing districts. The 
price for extra creamery—19 to 19% cents— 
was the highest that has been realized 
throughout June for six years. 
CALIFORNIA BARTLETTS.—With the 
exception of the orange there Is no fruit 
from the Far West that sells better in this 
market than the California Bartlett pears. 
They are now seen on the fruit stands and 
pushcarts throughout the city. The price 
for the best is never low, seldom under 
llireo for 10 cents, and they sometimes sell 
for five cents each. Many are larger than 
any eastern Bartletts I have seen; and, 
while of no better quality, they strike the 
market much earlier, at a time when there 
are no other prime pears to be had. It is 
very doubtful whether they could be sold 
at such prices a little later In the season, 
after nearby pears begin to arrive in barrel 
lots. It Is quite probable that, if eastern 
growers would sort and pack a little more 
carefully, keeping the small and worthless 
stuff for hog feed, the better fruit might, 
under those conditions, sell for more than 
is received for both good and poor at 
present. It may be said that this would 
deprive many poor people of the fruit 
which they get at low prices, but it is not 
unlikely that this might prove a good 
thing, as knotty or half-decayed stuff that 
they get at such low prices is worse than 
worthless. w. w. h. 
THE BEET-SUGAR EXHIBIT AT THE 
PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 
In one of the galleries of the Agricul¬ 
ture Building may be found, in a promi¬ 
nent place, the exhibit of the beet sugar 
Industry of the United States. It Is under 
the personal charge of M. E. Gilmore, of 
Nebraska, who is prepared to answer al¬ 
most .any question that may be asked him 
by farmers and others who are Interested 
in this subject. Almost everything per¬ 
taining to the growing of the beets, ex¬ 
tracting the saccharine matter, the crude 
and refined sugars, the syrups and other 
by-products is shown. There is an exhibit 
of candies made from beet sugar. There 
is also a model of one of the beet sugar 
factories, and a practical working model 
of Henry Vallez’s triple osmose process for 
extracting the sugar from the residuum 
molasses. Near the Government Building 
a plot of ground is occupied with beets in 
the growing state, the seed having been 
planted by Mr. Gilmore, and the work done 
under his direction or with his own hand, 
thus Illustrating to visitors Just how the 
beets are grown. 
As much as has been said on the subject 
Of beet sugar and its production, it may 
not be generally known that at least half 
of the sugar consumed by the people of 
the United States is made from beets. It 
is also, perhaps, new to many, that there 
is no difference whatever between beet 
sugar and th.at made from the cane which 
is in the tropics, or from sorghum, either 
chemically or from any other standpoint. 
On the contrary, it is the opinion of many 
that beet sugar is not of the same compo¬ 
sition as cane sugar and is not so econom¬ 
ical to use, and the sooner this mistake is 
dispelled from the minds of our people the 
better. Three-fifths of the sugar made in 
the entire world is made from beets, a 
large proportion of which is made in Eu¬ 
rope. We Import annually over $100,000,000 
worth of sugar; in other words, we spend 
three-fourths of the equal of our corn crop 
in this way; and this is done in the face 
of the fact that we could grow all of this 
at home, and thus become exporters. The 
area available for beet culture in the 
United States is fully 20 times greater 
than that upon which the tropical cane 
can bo grown from which sugar is com- 
monl.v made, sorghum now having been 
discarded for the production of sugar, 
owing to its cost. 
Putting it in another way; w'C pay for 
our foreign sug.ars $1.36 annually for every 
man, woman and child in the United 
States. Home production is one of the 
economic principles which we should study, 
and when we can produce at home more 
che.aply, or even as cheaply, any article, 
we ought to produce it rather than send 
our money to foreign countries to enrich 
them. This will provide our own people 
with labor, about which we are constantly 
crying. The farmers can make good use 
of their land, and thus get a profitable 
return from it. The salaries of experts 
and wages paid to laborers working in the 
factories also help to keep business alive. 
The average production of cane sugar per 
acre Is 1.75 tons, while an acre of beets 
will average 1.07 tons. This is raw or un¬ 
refined sugar. A ton of cane yields on 
the average 1.60 pounds of sugar, and a 
ton of beets 200 pounds of the same. Tak¬ 
ing the average production of cane sugar 
in the world, it costs $62 per ton, while a 
ton of beet sugar, taking the world into 
consideration, averages $53.50 per ton, 
which is a net saving of $8.50 per ton In 
cost of production. The by-products of the 
beets, that is, the tops and the pulp which 
is left after extracting the sugar, are both 
valuable as stock feed or for manure, while 
the refuse from the cane mills Is of little 
or no value, except as fuel in some rare 
cases. The time has doubtless come when 
beet sugar will be very extensively pro¬ 
duced within the United States, and it is 
quite time that our people should become 
enlightened upon this subject. Secretary 
Wilson says: “We have no more need to 
import sugar than to Import wheat.” 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Western Wafer Mining. 
Water mining is a new and profitable 
business in the Far West. While the sur¬ 
face of these plains is too dry to produce 
ordinary farm vegetation there is a largo 
supply of underground water. The water¬ 
bearing rocks come reasonably close to the 
surfaci' in some localities, and the object 
of “water mining” is to find just where 
these rocks are, so that they may be tap¬ 
ped. N. H. Darton, of the U. S. Geological 
Survey, has located most of these water¬ 
bearing rocks in the Dakotas, and is now 
at work In Wyoming. When these rocks 
arc fully located wells can be drilled into 
thorn and windmills used to pump up the 
water for irrigation. This ■will change the 
character of thousands of acres of at pres¬ 
ent desert land. This water mining is of 
more time Importance to the w'estern des¬ 
erts than the mining of silver or gold. 
At Outlook Farm. 
This morning, July 15, the binder starts 
in on 14’acres of wheat while your humble 
servant takes the mower for a field of six 
acres more, down on the east line. We 
iT>ay got our seed and some hay, but didn’t 
the agricultural papers tell us last Fall to 
beware of the fly, and to fit the ground 
well, so that the plant would be able to 
withstand his attacks? This piece we fitted 
in fine shape and seeded at time of sow¬ 
ing the wheat pretty thickly with Orchard 
grass, Timothy and Kentucky Blue grass. 
'I'ho redeeming point is that the Orchard 
grass shows up nicely and we expect a 
good sheep pasture there for several years. 
We no longer let the sheep run with the 
cows; don’t think the cows have a fair 
show. These hot days the sheep come up 
from their field about 6 A. M. and stay 
in a darkened basement till 4 P. M., when 
they go back. If feed gets short I give 
grain In their hay racks, that have a tight 
bottom, with loose cover 14 Inches up, to 
keep the lambs from soiling food. 
As we were greening potatoes about 10 
o’clock July 16, and there is a lot of It to 
do this year, a whirring sound, resembling 
the passage of a trolley car was heard. 
541 
when just above our heads went a swarm 
of bees pushing for some hollow tree; a 
loss of $5 to some neighbor not up to the 
times in queen wing clipping. What m'ght 
well be called agricultural murder, as I 
look at it, is planting potatoes in land so 
wet that they die in the vain endeavor to 
get to the sunlight. If the above is a 
fable the obvious moral would be, “drain 
it!” Finished the Red clover haying July 
2, and are now In the second cutting of 
AIf.ilfa (better than the first), before some 
have secured their clover and Timothy, 
j.ong may it wave, and we hope that the 
Hope Farm man will in due time be con¬ 
verted. P. w. c. 
Onondaga Co., N. Y. 
R. N.-Y.—The Hope Farm man wishes he 
had some good Alfalfa soil. 
Wood Acids in a Chimney. 
H. Stewart answers the question how to 
“fix a chimney troubled with creosote” in 
issue of July 20. It reads well, but our ex¬ 
perience proves to us that he has not given 
us a remedy. We use dry wood; creosote 
forms, not in the chimney, but in the pipe, 
running out through the joints, besmear¬ 
ing everything with the oily liquid. In 
another chimney in which coal Is burned, 
creosote forms in the chimney. We shall 
build the chimneys over. How shall we 
build to prevent this trouble? The chim¬ 
neys at present are built from the garret 
floor up. We thought possibly building the 
chimney down on to the second floor would 
help, shortening the distance between the 
stove and chimney. What is the trouble? 
We don’t know. H. e. m. 
Penn Yan, N. Y. 
Come to Florida. 
You can say to E. L., Leeds, N. D., page 
501, that the place for him and his boys is 
in the South. He can make a good living 
here with less labor than any other place 
in the United States. Besides making his 
own bread and meat, at less cost, he can 
add a goodly amount of the luxuries in 
fruits and vegetables, and If he will at¬ 
tend the State Fair at Jacksonville about 
November 20 next he will see ample mani¬ 
festations of this fact, and nowhere will 
he find nature more generous in either 
beauty or bounty than here, with neither 
the naked prairie nor the bleak winds of 
the North and East, nor the hot winds of 
the West. So far this Summer we have 
had the most comfortable climate of any 
State. He will not find the land deserted, 
but very low in price. s. h. g. 
McIntosh, Fla. 
SCRAPS. 
It is said that sparrows have become 
such a nul.sance in Utah that Salt I^ake 
County has this year paid a bounty of five 
cents per dozen on 42,000 sparrow eggs. 
It was an old Scotchman who silenced 
a chronic grumbler by saying: “The crow 
is always looking for carrion, and he finds 
it, while the humming-bird Is always 
looking for something sweet, and he finds 
It.” 
The Argentine government has become 
alarmed over the spread of foot-and- mouth 
disease, and has Issued a decree prohibit¬ 
ing the importation of cattle and sheep 
from countries where this disease is known 
to exist, except under certain conditions. 
These are the most rigid official inspec¬ 
tion, and a quarantine of 40 days after the 
animals are admitted into the country. 
The Health Officer of the Port of New 
York is about to make war on the Staten 
Island mosquitoes, which, for persistence 
and ferocity, are thought by many people 
to take the lead of their Jersey relatives. 
A careful examination of their breeding 
grounds in the vicinity of Quarantine Sta¬ 
tion will be made, and mosquitoes and 
their larvnj taken from these places and 
examined in the laboratory for the presence 
of germs of malaria. Kerosene will be the 
principal agent used in doctoring the 
breeding places. 
Oiled Roads.— It Is not generally known 
that crude petroleum is used in some sec¬ 
tions for settling the dust on roads. In 
parts of California and In other States this 
plan has been followed with fair success. 
Kerr’s Reports states that “Oil is applied 
at about 200 degrees temperature. The 
road is got in proper form and compact 
condition. It must be well settled and 
dried. A harrow is run over It until the 
surface Is thoroughly pulverized for a 
slight depth. Then oil is drilled In and 
allowed to cool and settle. If it is traveled 
too quickly afterwards or too much oil Is 
put in, or rainy weather and heavy traffic 
follows, ruin results. After an oiled road 
has become settled and Is made under the 
best conditions It is preserved from wash¬ 
outs. dust, ruts and inequalities. It will 
become the best road that is made. There 
are several perfect oiled roads in Cali¬ 
fornia, they are clean, durable and the cost 
of repairing is much less than the cost of 
sprinkling to settle the dust.” 
DR.PIERCE’S I 
I EAVORITE I 
i PRESCRIPTION 
© 
RUBEROID 
POULTRY-HOUSE 
ROOFING 
As a water-proof covering for Poultry- 
Bouses, ItUBKUOIl) has no equal. Keeps 
tne houses cool during the warm weather, 
and warm In 'Winter, and the chicks dry and 
comfortable. The sun cannot melt it. 
THE STANDARD PAINT CO., 
100 William Street, 
NEW YORK. 
Best Pulley 
On Earth. 
’luMi, lao. 
AMERICAN CORN AND FODDER 
SHOCK COMPRESSOR 
HOLDS while you tie. 
tr- Does not out 
the rope. Strong, 
Simple, Dnrable. 
Writ* for Price Uit. 
J. Jt. Hughen, 
4jireeusburg, Xu<U 
Marvelous, 
Unfailing, 
Healing, 
Ointment. 
Veterinary 
Pixine 
It brings quick relief to tortured horses. 
Stinging, Burning Hopple Chafes, Collar 
(tails, Old Sores, Swellings, Scratches 
that defy all treatment, (crease Heel, 
Spe d Cracks, Abscesses, Hoof Rot, Cow- 
pox, Mange and all skin disease posi¬ 
tively cured. Its penetrating, absorbing, 
antiseptic healing power is absolutely 
unfailing. Money back if it fails 
2 OZ8., 2.TC. I At all Druggists and 
8 ozs., 50c. V Dealers, or sent 
5 lbs., .|4.00 ) prepaid. 
TROY CHEMICAL CO., 
TROY, R. Y. 
