1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
543 
NOTES ON DAIRY WORK. 
In dairy work tkere are three very im¬ 
portant things; brushes and plenty of 
clean white d'ish and wiping towels (not 
rags), scalding water and sal soda. The 
virtue contained in a pinch of sal soda 
cannot be estimated. It does not take 
very long to run hems in towels for 
dairy work. There is noithing better 
than flour and salt sacks; they are soft 
and pliable, also easy to wash. Have 
several dishcloths; don’t use one for all 
the dairy work; one for separator, an¬ 
other for the butter utensils, and still 
another for milk pails. 
Many farmers and dairymen have not 
the conveniences for ripening cream 
properly, and therefore cannot make a 
first-class article, and also lose much 
butter fat in the buttermilk. Keep the 
cream sweet and frequently stirred up 
to 24 hours before churning; put on the 
stove a boiler of water as early in the 
morning as possible. When hot take 
your washtub (or tubs if you have sev¬ 
eral cans) and place cream cans in, fill¬ 
ing around with the hot water. We used 
shot-gun cans for cream, and three 
would sit in a tub. We had a stirrer 
made of sheet tin, just a little smaller 
around than the cans, with long rod for 
handle, this could remain in the cans 
and be lifted from one to the other when 
stirring. A dairy thermometer is used, 
and constant stirring until the cream 
reaches from 86 to 88 degrees, when the 
cans are taken from the water and 
placed where as even a temperature as 
possible could be maintained. Stir 
frequently, and by the next morning it 
will be thick and velvety. Do not fill 
the churn too full, as often this is done 
to hurry matters, when it is a loss in 
the long run. By salting butter in the 
churn no mottled butter will be had. 
When the butter is the size of wheat 
kernels stop churning, draw off bultter- 
milk, put in pail of brine, which cuts 
the buttermilk out, and the butter does 
not have to be worked to get it out. 
Draw off and put on clean water until 
no milky water appears; drain and salt, 
working it 'in the churn until in large 
lumps, the principal working being done 
in the churn. When taken on to the 
worker or in bowl, only work or press 
enough to get the water out, and get in 
shape for printing or packing, as the 
case may be. Two-thirds of the cream¬ 
ery butter is overworked, the grain is 
spoiled and it is salvy, but it is cream¬ 
ery butter. We have bought creamery 
butter in New York, Colorado, Nebraska 
and Missouri, and from noted creamer¬ 
ies, but we find good country butter 
made on creamery principles is usually 
the best. mbs. fked. c. johnson. 
Missouri. 
Milk Producers are Gaining. 
The problem of producing milk at a 
loss, and being at the mercy of the deal¬ 
ers, is being very satisfactorily solved 
by organization and cooperation. One 
year ago last February a meeting was 
called and preliminary steps taken for 
building a plant for manufacturing and 
shipping our milk, and on April 1 all 
the milk but that from three or four 
small dairies was received at the farm¬ 
ers’ plant, built by those jointly inter¬ 
ested by taking stock amounting to 
?3,000. Prom then till now we have 
manufactured but one month’s milk. 
With this exception it has been sold for 
periods of six months at a time at a 
fixed price each month, so that we are 
well satisfied, and better prices have 
been the result. Smyrna, four miles 
south, constructed a plant at the same 
time, making two in this section, upon 
the same plan as the one here, and with 
equally as good results. 
Last Winter another was built and 
equipped at Poolville for making cheese, 
which has been very successful in pro¬ 
ducing a prime article selling for top 
prices; still another at Lebanon, a few 
miles west, which commenced manufac¬ 
turing the milk June 1. Another plant 
was bought at Sherburne Four Corners, 
making five plants now owned and man¬ 
aged by ourselves within 18 months. 
Both Smyrna and Barlville receive about 
22,000 pounds each daily. The success 
attending these plants is stirring other 
towns around to action, and several 
more are to be built during the coming 
Winter. One object gained is that the 
surplus milk in the market can be con¬ 
trolled and turned to our profit by mak¬ 
ing up at home. The flow of milk this 
season has been large, and continues 
good; pastures supplying a good amount 
of feed for stock. We are now in the 
midst of securing our hay crop, which 
is considerably larger than for two 
years past. Wheat and oats Iook well. 
Pea picking is also in progress and 
yielding well. w. f. jaquith. 
Secretary F. S. M. P. A. 
Air Blast Churns. 
Readers are sending us circulars of 
churns which are said to operate by 
forcing a blast of air through the cream 
while the churning is going on. These 
Churns vary in construction somewhat, 
but the principle of blowing air into the 
cream is alx)ut the same, and great 
things are claimed for it. One of these 
churns was brought to the Missouri Ex¬ 
periment Station for test recently, and 
after careful trial a report conta'ining 
the following was printed: 
The arrangement of air pipes does with¬ 
out doubt force air through the cream, 
especially at the start, but it is not at 
all certain that this aids in the churning. 
This might help to take out bad odors if 
the cream contained such. But the re¬ 
volving dash in the center of a stationery 
vessel fails to agitate all parts alike, and 
requires a longer time than a box or bar¬ 
rel churn, as shown by the above test. 
The machine does not meet the true 
scientific requirements of the best churn¬ 
ing apparatus, and is exorbitant in price 
compared with small-size barrel churns, 
and cannot be recommended to the farmer. 
While It is no doubt true, as claimed by 
the Inventor, that butter can be churned 
in this machine in from one to five minutes, 
this fact is no less true of any ordinary 
box or barrel churn under the same con¬ 
ditions. By raising the temperature of 
the cream high enough, butter may be 
produced in this short time by almost any 
churn. But what kind of butter results, 
when using temperatures of 75 degrees, 
or even 80 and 90 degrees? Anyone who 
knows the elements of dairying is acquaint¬ 
ed with the fact that such high tempera¬ 
tures will produce butter of poor quality, 
soft and salvy, weak-bodied and without 
proper grain. This one mistake of too 
high temperature is one of the greatest 
causes to-day of poor quality in butter 
made on the farm. 
Live Stock Notes. 
I have been trying, during several 
years, to raise turkeys. As so many died 
I tried to find the cause by opening 
them; various orgaim might be affected, 
but the liver invariably was. In the 
younger ones there were yellowish ul¬ 
cers, and in larger ones the bile was co¬ 
agulated in the liver. This caused the 
conjecture that the food was the cause. 
The turkey hen, in her wild life, must 
depend on insects, seeds and some kinds 
of green stuff. So, last Summer I penned 
the mother with her brood into a yard 
where I gave her hemp seed, millet seed, 
etc. By this means I raised three out 
of 15; one tom weighed 16^ pounds at 
Thanksgiving. Of a later hatching of 10 
only two lived. I find one-fifth of 
hatched turkeys good results in rais¬ 
ing them. How does this compare with 
the experience of others? 
Pigs.— ^Some one wrote in The R. N.- 
Y. about wheat bran as a feed for pigs. 
I have a fine sow which I was told was 
too fat for breeding purposes. I gave 
her three quarts of bran twice each day 
last Winter, and in March a butcher 
wanted her to kill for pork, but she had 
her family in April. Six quarts of bran 
tveigh four pounds, which can be oought 
for five cents; hence, a 250-pound sow 
can be kept on the price of one glass of 
beer each day! I have generally weigh¬ 
ed sucking pigs during the first four 
weeks, and find that they weigh about 
eight pounds when two weeks old and 
14 to 16 pounds when four weeks old. 
These results for a litter of eight or 
fewer pigs, the mother being one year 
old. A. c. 
Nassau Co., N. Y. 
Water Gas Tar for Flies. 
Several readers have asked H. G. Man¬ 
chester to tell more about the use of water- 
gas tar on cattle for killing flies. 
In reply to E. S. K., the material we 
use for a fiy repellant on cows is water- 
gas tar, which is a by-product obtained 
in purifying gas that Is made from -Water 
and coal, with other substances, ft is 
unlike ordinary coal tar in that 'it is 
thin and watery, and can easily be 
sprayed with an atomizer sprayer. Only 
a very slight spraying is necessary. We 
should be afraid to use coal tar, as 'ft is 
thick, and a great absorbent of heat. A 
spot of It on the hand held in strong 
sunlight will burn the hand quite se¬ 
verely. It would be a;pt to injure skin 
of cows and take off the hair. We pre¬ 
sume the material we use can be ob¬ 
tained wherever water gas is made. We 
buy it for not over $1 per barrel, but 
have to return the barrel. Coal tar 
might work satisfactorily if it were very 
much reduced with water and a little 
kerosene. We should never apply any 
of the fiy repellants with a swab, as too 
thick a coating will be used. Atomizers 
do satisfactory work. h. g. m. 
Death in the Silo. 
In The R. N.-Y., July 6, R. H. M., 
Lakeville, N. Y., asks about painting a 
silo on the inside, and the suggestion is 
offered to use gas tar put on hot. I can¬ 
not give the particulars about the paint¬ 
ing of the inside of a silo, but I can give 
you the result of one, which was a very 
sad one indeed. Ballard Bros., of Niles, 
Mich., painted their silo (and with gas 
tar, I think); when they began to fill it 
one of the sons went into the silo to 
tread down the fodder, and was over¬ 
come -with the foul air. A second son 
went to his assistance, and was likewise 
overcome. A third man went in hastily, 
put a rope around the second son, and 
he was drawn out and revived, but the 
first one overcome lost his life. While 
there may be ways of painting with gas 
tar, and no evil result from its use, yet 
knowing what I do I should hesitate 
about using it. h. 
R- N.-Y.—We have had several reports 
of death in the silo, and followed one up 
closely to see what caused the trouble. 
The silo was airtight—being built of 
stone and brick. Several people went 
down into it in the morning before the 
filling for the day had begun. They 
were overcome, and it was found that 
carbonic acid gas had formed during the 
night. This being heavier than air sank 
to the bottom, and was strong enough to 
kill a man. In the average stave silo 
this foul gas would have drained out. A 
few moments’ work with the cutter in 
delivering more silage into the silo 
would have stirred up the air and gas 
together, so that there would have been 
no danger. Also, if the silo doors had 
been open the gas would have passed 
away. We do not believe the fumes of 
the gas tar caused the trouble in the 
case mentioned. No one should go down 
deep into an airtight silo while it Is be¬ 
ing filled without making sure that the 
gas has drained out. Men have been 
killed by this gas by going down into 
deep wells. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-T. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
ORR’S FLY KILLER is the REST 
Kills Flies and Lice on Cattle and Horses. 
Gives Cows Comfort, hence more milk. 
Keeps Flies off Horses, hence more work. 
Furlnes the Stable, hence health and safety 
One gallon can II, and Keystone Sprayer $1, both 
sent express prepaid for Sli.OO, to Introduce It. 
Five-gallon can, freight prepaid, $4 (X). 
GBR 4^ COGREK, 563 Liberty St., Pittsburgh,IPa. 
Horse Owners! Use 
GOMBAtJLT’S 
Balsam 
A Safo Speedy and Positive Cart 
The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used. Takes 
the place of ^1 Hniraents for mild or severe action. 
ItemOTcs Bunches or Blemishes from Horses 
Bent by expr?8^ charK^A, i^aid; Wlttt full directibns 
for ltd use;^ .Send. for .descripUvo circulara. 
Cleveland O# 
Save$ 10 perCow 
KVHKY YBAB OF USB. 
De Laval Cream Separators 
Prices, $50 to $800. 
“Alpha'* aad “Baby"styles. Send for Caialogub 
tH6 OE LAVAL SEPARATOR CU., 
Unudolph and Canal Streets, I 74 Cortlandt Street, 
CHICAGO. I NBW VOBK. 
SEPARATOR 
£&EF 
NATIONAL Separator 
on lo Days’Trial. Lightast 
I aasicst running HAND Separator 
Cream 
Tree book tslls all aboat it. 
Nallsnal Dairy Machine Co.. Nc*irk, N. i. 
That It’s a 
SHARPLES 
Cream Separator 
guarantees superiority,to those 
who know, and others should 
write for catalogue No. 163 
Very valuable treatiie on “ButintH 
Dairying” free for the aeking, 
Shsrples Co. P. M. Sharpies, 
Chicago, Ills. West Chaster, Ps. 
EMPIRE 
THE LEADING ^ 
CREAM SEPARATOR 
CATAl_Ot3UE RREE 
U.S.BUTTER EXTRACTOR CO..BLOOMFIELO.N.J 
WESTERN OFFICE F ISHFR moUCHlC Ai'.O 
You’ve Been Humbugged 
by oream eeparators that mix water 
with milk and do hot separate. THB 
SUPERIOR CREAM SEPARATOR 
effects a complete separation In the 
shortest possible time by a circulation 
of oold water In an outer jacket. A 
trial convinces, and every can is gnar- 
anteed. Write to-day. Agents Wanted 
SUPERIOR FENCE MACHINE CO., 
184 Grand River Avo., Detroit, Mich. 
attests the value and is the sure result of the use of our 
NEW CENTURY FLY KILLER OIL. 
There lano^^fly time” where It is used. Absolutely safe—harms 
Deitber man nor beast and w’ll not taint milk. It Is most 
evenly and che.Tply applied With our 8pcoiul Spraj’er* 
Calv^aud young stock can’t thrive and grow if continually 
tighting Hies. It’s equally valuable for horses. Prevents “rty 
nervousness” and has saved many a ^‘run oflE” and ^smash- 
up.” Ask your dealer for it. If not there, send ll.OO to os 
for Sprayer and enough Killer to protect 150 cows 
or other animals. We are the sole manufacturers and 
want agreiits everywhere* 
Du B, SMITH df, CO., UTICA, N. Y. 
