1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
557 
BOOK BULLETIN 
FOR SALE BY THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
MiivK AND Its Puoducts, by H. H. Wing. 
A treatise upon the nature and qualities 
of dairy milk, and the manufacture of 
huitcr and cheese. Price, postpaid, $1. 
The Princii’ees op Fruit Growing, by 
L. II. Bailey: 514 pages, 120 illustrations. 
The location of orchards, planting, fer¬ 
tilization, tillage, handling, enemies, and 
harvesting and marketing fruit. Price, 
postpaid, $1.25. 
Cut-price Books. Any of these 20-cent 
pamphlets named below sent j/ostpaid for 
10 cents: 
(.^)untry Roads. 
flow to Plant a Place. 
Fertilizers and Fruit. 
ISfy Handkerchief Garden. 
Memory Training. 
Accidents and Kmergencies. 
Canning and Preserving. 
MARKET NOTES 
NEW BRAND OF STRIKE.—The fruit 
commission merchants of San Francisco 
have had trouble on their hands in the 
shape of a strike of the teamsters hand¬ 
ling their produce. About 800 wagon 
drivers quit work, and the wharves and 
sidewalks in front of the stores soon were 
l)iled high with fruits an* vegetables. 
Some of the merchants and their clerks 
got out and drove their own teams, re¬ 
lieving the situation a little, but a large 
(inantity of stuff spoiled because it could 
not be handled, and had to be thrown 
away. 
BROGM CORN MATTERS.—The corn 
trust has obtained control of the market 
to such an extent that they can again 
absolutely dictate prices. Several weeks 
ago they reduced the price to such an 
extent that growers who were holding 
.sold out at a low figure, and, of course, 
the trust (juickly took all that was of¬ 
fered. Owing to the drought in the West, 
it is estimated that the shortage in the 
1!»01 crop will be 20,000 tons, and it is not 
improbable that the price will go up to 
$200 per ton before the season closes. 
DROUGHT AND LIVE STOCK.—When 
weather conditions in the cattle districts 
are such that food and water become 
scarce, the markets immediately feel the 
efi'ects in increased receipts of live stock, 
for cattle men have no resort except to 
sell the stock that they cannot take care 
of. This is quite a reliable test, almost 
like a thermometer, for the worse the 
conditions the more animals are shipped. 
On July 10 the receipts at the Chicago 
cattle yards exceeded all previous rec¬ 
ords. Kansas City, however, being so 
much nearer the district where the 
drought was worst, received many more 
cattle proportionately than Chicago. The 
following figures show the amount of live 
slock i-eceived at Chicago, Kansas City, 
Omaha and St. T.ouis for the month end¬ 
ing July 20: Cattle, 510,000; hogs, 1,204,600; 
sheep, 466,100. 
FRUIT NOTES.—Large quantities of 
excellent peaches are arriving. Prices at 
present are 25 cents per carrier above last 
year. The highest figure given is $1.75, 
but now and then an extra ch' ice lot 
sells at a premium. Pears of fair size, 
hut miserable quality, are, plentiful. I 
saw a peddler with a wagon-load of this 
worthless fruit which he was selling for 
five cents a quart as “choice Bartletts.” 
Doubtless he found enough people who 
did not know the difference to take all 
that he had. There is a fair supply of 
early apples, though but few good ones 
are seen. Most of them are small, and 
it is a wonder why they sell at all while 
there are so many peaches and other high- 
fiuality fruits to be had. A Summer ap¬ 
ple at its best is but a poor substitute 
for its Winter relative. Watermelons are 
selling moderately well; also muskmelons, 
when of reasonably fair quality. How¬ 
ever, there has been and is now a big sur 
plus of muskmelons that are not good for 
anything, and everyone of this sort that 
is sold is an injury to the trade. The 
only way to keep the market for this 
product in fair shape is to ship only good 
fruit, and get it to the consumer as quick 
l.v as possible. 
PRODUCE FOR THE WEST.—One ef¬ 
fect of the unusually hot weather in the 
West is seen in the great call for vege¬ 
tables and fruits, particularly lemons. It 
is said that during the past 15 days Phila¬ 
delphia has sent over 100 cars of produce 
to western points, one concern having 
shipped 10 cars of lemons during the last 
week. Similar reports come from Balti¬ 
more, from which lai-ge quantities of po¬ 
tatoes, cabbage and tomatoes have been 
shipped. Cabbage in Baltimore has ad¬ 
vanced 25 cents per crate, and potatoes 
75 cents to $1 a barrel. The indications 
are that the potato crop in many States 
is tight, and that higher prices than last 
year will jirevail. However, a short crop 
does not necessarily cause extravagant 
prices, as the bulk of the potato con¬ 
sumers substitute something else, buying 
fewer potatoes when prices get above a 
certain limit. The hot w'eather has also 
caused a big boom in ice in Chicago. The 
chief call has come from southern cities, 
where the capacity of the artificial ice 
plants was not sufficient to supply the in¬ 
creased demand. w. w. ii. 
SOUTHERN CANNING FACTORIES. 
Canneries and Cotton Gins.— Canned 
goods go with civilization. They sustain 
great armies on their march across des¬ 
erts and over distant islands of the seas. 
'1 in can.s mark the farthest adventures 
of man towards the North Pole. They 
may also be found "upon the bosom of 
the mighty deep." Canned goods may 
tide a nation over a distressing famine. 
They are not only indispensable in great 
emergencies, but we find them a most 
valuable luxury in our every-d,ay life'. 
The tin can brings to our tables, every 
month in the year, the fine fruits and 
vegetables of Spring and the harvest sea¬ 
son. When one part of a country suffers 
from a loss of these excellent things, due 
to drought, insects or other calamities, 
the tin can brings them in abundance 
from more favored sections. When a 
State or nation begins to make much pro¬ 
gress in industrial development, canning 
factories mu.st follow. They are coming 
rapidly in Texas. tVherever there is a 
canning factory it develops horticultural 
industries. It saves the loss in horticul¬ 
tural crops. When the ju'ice of products 
in the markets goes below the cost of pro¬ 
duction, the factory comes in to great 
advantage, and saves the crop at a profit. 
It gives employment to men who might 
otherwi.se be idle. It keeps the money in 
the tow'n that would go out for canned 
goods. Instead of the boiler and house 
of cotton gins lying idle all the year, ex¬ 
cept during the cotton season, small can¬ 
neries could be connected with them and 
be used during the canning season to ad¬ 
vantage. This would greatly encourage 
diversified farming in cotton communi¬ 
ties. There would not be so much fear 
of cotton insects, such as the boll weevil. 
Co.sT OF Smai.i, Canneries.- The boiler 
and house are two of the most costly 
items in canning outfits. Those things 
are already found at the cotton gins. 
Hence, what I shall say about cost does 
not Include the cost of the boiler and 
house. A canner.v for 500 cans per day 
will cost about $1.50; and will employ about 
five hands; for 2,000 cans per day, the cost 
will be about $250, and will employ about 
20 hands; for 5,000 cans per day, the cost 
will be about $600. Our small cannery cost 
us as completed now nearly $400. While 
the capacity is estimated at 5,000 cans per 
day, we have never tested it at Its full 
extent. We could easily add more ma¬ 
chinery and increase its capacity at any 
timo. Of course, wherever good fresh 
water is not found it will cost something 
to get it. A great deal of water is need¬ 
ed at a canning factory, and while almost 
any kind can be used for washing and 
processing, pure water must be used to go 
inside of the cans. 
Canning. —Nearly all firms that sell can¬ 
ning machinery give full instructions for 
canning that go with the machinery. 
However, we find that we cannot follow 
entirely, the recommendations for canning 
in the North. Our products vary in sugar, 
water, starch and acid content, and our 
Summers are longer and hotter than they 
are in the North. Consequently, we have 
to process longer here. Some southern 
factories have had much loss by follow¬ 
ing closely instructions for the North. 
Then, again, some southern factories do 
not possess some secrets used by facto¬ 
ries of the North. They have had trouble 
in putting up a white grade of corn that 
would compete in the markets with the 
northern product, though the flavor was 
fully as good. Sometimes salicylic acid 
and cream of tartar have been used to 
bleach the corn. Recently we have tested 
a method of cooling the cans in water just 
after processing, and have found that this 
method greatly improves the color and 
flavor of corn by stopping the cooking 
suddenly. It improves fruits very much 
in the same way. The products must be 
kept fresh, and be put into the cans and 
iirocessed before they are discolored. TIrs 
is one of the main secrets. Sometimes 
we hear complaints of canned goods in¬ 
juring those who eat them. In nearly ail 
cases this is due to the products having 
soured before they are canned up. There 
is no harm that can result in using can¬ 
ned goods that are iiut up in a fresh con¬ 
dition, and do not have any acid in them. 
By-products. —In canning corn and peas 
there is a great deal of valuable food left 
in the shucks and cobs of corn and the 
hulls and vines of peas. These materials 
make valuable food for stock. At Green¬ 
wood, Ind., they have been iiut into the 
silo as they came from the cannery, and 
they made excellent silage. The fodder 
from sweet corn makes excellent forage. 
We have found that the peach peeling 
makes a most excellent jelly. A large 
amount of coloring matter and sugar are 
found in the peach peeling. When the 
peaches are peeled by hand we have found 
that the peelings from one bushel of 
peaches make three quarts of fine jelly. 
It takes about 25 cents worth of sugar and 
five cents worth of vinegar to make this 
amount. These three quarts of jelly are 
worth about 90 cents. The peach stones 
are worth about 75 cents per bushel to the 
nurseryman. This enables one to see that 
there is nothing about the peach that 
should go to waste. Small tomatoes may 
be made into valuable ketchup. In fact, 
all the by-products about a canning fac¬ 
tory may be used advantageously. 
The Profits in Canning.—O f course, 
the profit will depend upon the amount of 
goods canned, the cost of the raw ma¬ 
terial, the kind and quality of goods put 
up, and the business management of the 
factory. In a general way, I may state 
that the profits are usually very satisfac¬ 
tory. Ijast year we put up nearly 9,000 
cans, and when these goods were esti¬ 
mated at the prevailing wholesale prices 
at the time,, we found that we had cleared 
enough to pay for our entire factory, and 
had left $121 besides. Students, mostly, 
were employed, and we paid them 1214 
cents per hour, which was very high. In 
nearly all factories, labor is paid for by 
the piece, which is much more satisfac¬ 
tory. Frequently women and children do 
the most satisfactory work in the can¬ 
nery, and this labor usuall.v does not cost 
so much. In concluding, T will state that 
I can see no reason wh.v' small canning 
factories cannot bo made a success in con¬ 
nection with cotton gins, wherever horti¬ 
cultural crops can be successfully grown. 
On large cotton farms there is usually a 
number of people who might be profitably 
employed in a canning factory. A part 
of the canned goods might be sold to the 
laborers for work In the cannery. I am 
frequently asked whether it is necessary 
to have an expert to do the processing. I 
might state that it is not advisable for 
anyone to start running a factory with¬ 
out some experience. Anyone who ha>- 
the capacity to learn, and is willing to do 
so, we can teach in our factor.v in four 
weeks. r. h. price. 
College Station, Texas. 
Mosquitoes and Malaria. 
The New York Board of Health Is out 
against the mosquito, and has issued a 
circular to doctors from which we take 
the following: 
“The organism causing malarial fever 
tthe Plasmodium malarisc) is probably a 
true parasite and, .so far as we know at 
present, finds the conditions necessary for 
its existence only in the living human 
body, and in this genus of mosquito, the 
latter becoming infected by sucking the 
blood from an infected human being. The 
malarial organism havlivg thus entered 
the stomach of the mosquito, passes 
through certain changes in the body of 
the infected insect and at the end of about 
10 days reaches the poison gland. After 
this time, if the mosquito bites another 
human being the malarial organism is in¬ 
troduced into the circulation of the latter, 
and malarial fever follows. So far as we 
know certain localities are ‘malarious’ 
only because they furnish favorable con¬ 
ditions for breeding this mosquito. Ma¬ 
larial fever would not occur in any ma¬ 
larious district, unless some infected hu¬ 
man being were in it, or came into it and 
infected the mosquitoes, which in turn 
infected other human beings.” 
The following sensible suggestions are 
made to city people: 
“First, proper screening of the house 
to prevent the entrance of the mosquitoes, 
and screening of the bed at night. The 
chief danger of infection is at night, in¬ 
asmuch as the Anopheles bite mostly at 
this time. 
“Second, the confinement and continu¬ 
ous screening of persons in malarial dis¬ 
tricts who are suffering from malarial 
fever, so that mosquitoes may not bite 
them and thus become infected. 
“Third, the administration of quinine in 
full doses to malarial patients to destroy 
I he malarial organisms in the blood, and 
persistence in the use of the remedy even 
for a few weeks after apparent recovery. 
“Fourth, the removal of the breeding 
places of the mosquitoes through drain¬ 
age, filling up of holes and surface pools, 
and emptying of tubs, palls, etc., which 
contain stagnant water. These mosqui¬ 
toes particularly breed in surface rain 
pools and surface stagnant water, where 
there are no fish; also exceptionally in 
pails, tubs, barrels and tanks of standing 
water, though they .seem mostly to prefer 
natural accumulations. 
“Fifth, in pools which cannot be drained 
or filled the destruction of the mosquito 
larvie by the use of petroleum thrown 
upon the surface, by the introduction of 
minnows and other small fish which eat 
the larvie, or by both methods.” 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
*‘OHSng U§)m*^ 
Just a little oil on the engine at the 
right time may mean the difference be¬ 
tween life and death to the passengers and 
crew. What oil is to the friction of the 
delicate parts of the engine, Dr. Pierce’s 
Golden Medical Discovery is to the deli¬ 
cate organs of the 
body. It eases 
their labor, pre¬ 
vents the loss of 
power and waste 
of energy caused 
by friction. Many 
a man who was all 
run down, whose 
limbs ached when 
he walked, whose 
back ached when 
he laid down, who 
breathed with dif¬ 
ficulty, and cough¬ 
ed constantly, has 
been perfectly 
cured by the use 
of Doctor Pierce’s 
Golden Medical 
Discovery. It pur¬ 
ifies the blood, 
strengthens the 
stomach and heals 
weak lungs. 
Accept no sub¬ 
stitute for ” Golden 
Medical Discov¬ 
erer,” nor any med¬ 
icine called "ju.st 
as good” by the 
dealer. 
Mr. Chas. Hunwick, of lyCiiox, Macomb Co., 
Mich., writes: «I have never felt better in niy 
life than I do now. I have taken Dr. Pierce’s 
Golden Medical Discovery right along. I can 
now walk qnite well with a cane, and hope to 
throw even that awiw before long, and as I have 
had to use crutches for*4iearly two years, I think 
I am doing fine. I do not cough now and I can 
sleep like a school boy. You must know that I 
have been treated in two hospitals and by three' 
doctors besides, and received no benefit; .so I 
think your medicine the'only medicine for me.” 
Dr. Pierce’s Medical Adviser in paper 
cover, is sent free on receipt of 2i one- 
cent stamps to pay expen?; of mailing 
07 tly. Acldress Dr. R. V Pierce, Buf- 
hlo. N. Y. 
RUBEROID 
poultry-houseI 
ROOFING 
As a water-proof covering fc* Poultry* 
Rouses, KUBEKOU) has no equal. Keeps I 
the houses cool during the warm weather, 
I and warm In Winter, and the chicks dry and 
I comfortable. The sun cannot melt It. 
THE STANDARD PAINT GO., 
lOO William Street, 
NEW YORK. 
In Case of Emergency 
and when all other treatment 
and resources fail 
Veterinary Pixino 
proves a revelation. Its penetrating, 
antiseptic, absorbing power is all power¬ 
ful. Heals by granulationsT not by dry 
ing and scabbing. It positively cures 
Hopple Chafes, Galls, Old bores. Inflam¬ 
matory Swellings, Scratches and Grease 
Heel of years’ standing. Speed Cracks, 
Hoof Rot, Cow Pox and Mange. Use 
this pure, soothing and vital effective 
cure on wounds and sores. Money hack 
if it fails. 
2 ozs., 25c. I At all Druggists and 
8 ozs., 50c. >• Dealers, or sent 
5 lbs., $4.00 ) prepaid. 
TROY CHEMICAL CO., 
THOY, N. Y. 
