558 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
August 10 
Live Stock and Dairy 
RAISING DAIRY CALVES IN WINTER. 
'Everyone concedes that the manner 
in whieh a calf is raised, wheiher it be 
a bull or heifer, has much to do with its 
value when it reaches maturity. A calf 
that is tied in a dark corner of a dark 
stable, allowed little or no exercise, fed 
irregularly and without care, cannot be 
expected to develop into the kind of cow 
we want in our barns. And, as a mat¬ 
ter of fact, calves so treated, or rather 
maltreated, seldom if ever prove satis¬ 
factory either as milkers or sires. While 
all are agreed upon this, not all raise 
their calves after the same method, 
there being almost as many ways of 
feeding and caring for them, as there 
are farmers who do it. The writer does 
not claim tnat the method outlined be¬ 
low is the only way to raise calves suc¬ 
cessfully, or even that it is the best way, 
but that it has some merit is evidenced 
by the fact that we have been uniformly 
successful when employing it. 
We like to start the calves some time 
during early Winter, so that they may 
pass the fir.st few months in the barn. 
At this season wo have more time to at¬ 
tend to them; they are not annoyed by 
flies, and seem to do mudi better than 
when started in the 'Spring. The calf is 
taken from its dam as soon after birth 
as possible, and put into a pen in a sep¬ 
arate building. Calves thus removed 
before they have become well acquaint¬ 
ed with their mothers are very readily 
taught to drink. They usually accept 
milk the first time it is offered, but 
‘'sometimes one will be obstinate,'in 
which case a 12-hour period of fasting 
and meditation usually brings about 
the desired result. For the first week 
we feed whole milk twice a day, from 
three pints to two quarts at a time. 
'Some small calves are fed three times 
during the day, but the total quantity of 
milk is not increased. At the beginning 
of the second week half skim-milk is 
substituted for half of the whole milk. 
At the same time one-half tablespoonful 
of linseed meal is scalded and added to 
the milk for each calf. The oil meal 
is fed as long as the calf receives milk, 
the amount being gradually increased 
until each calf receives onc-<lialf pound 
daily. The proportion of skim-milk to 
the whole milk is gradually increased 
until at the end of from a week to 10 
days the transition has been completed. 
We did not have a calf scour or get off 
its feed last Winter. At any time before 
the calf is 10 days old it is well to kill 
the embryo horns by applying caustic 
potash. This has been so often ad¬ 
vised and described in the agricultural 
press that it seems hardly necessary to 
repeat the directions here. It is very 
simple, and seems to us much better 
than to let the horn grow, only to cut it 
off with a pair of clippers. 
Until three months of age our calves 
have the run of a large basement, and 
here they grow and develop as calves 
kept tied up, or in small pens, do not. 
Now they are stanchioned the same as 
the cows and on pleasant days they 
have the run of a yard and large shed. 
We believe plenty of exercise to be an 
important factor in raising healtliy 
calves. From the first, hay is kept be¬ 
fore them, and in a short time they 
learn to eat a good deal of it. Bran is 
also fed as soon as they can be induced 
to eat it. Now, with the addition of 
milk, they are being fed much as are 
the cows, silage and bran night and 
morning, hay at noon. It is astonishing 
what an amount of silage and hay they 
eat, and what big stomacdis they are de¬ 
veloping. Some of the essentials to suc¬ 
cess in raising calves for the dairy it 
seems to me may be stated in the fol¬ 
lowing order: Regular and careful feed¬ 
ing, being careful not to overfeed at any 
time. Changing gradually from whole to 
skim-milk, keeping pails and troughs 
clean at all times; allowing them plenty 
of exercise and sunlight, and, in addi¬ 
tion to the milk and grain, inducing 
them to eat plenty of coarse forage. 
Connecticut._ R. w. n. 
SKIM-MILK CALVES FOR BEEF. 
Prof. H. M. Cottrell, of the Kansas 
Experiment Station, is doing very prac¬ 
tical work with dairy and beef cattle. 
Kansas feeders have thought that the 
average skim-milk calf will not make¬ 
good gains when fed for beef. The calf 
that has run with the cow often sells 
for so much more than the skim-milk 
that there is more in calf suckling than 
in dairying. To settle this matter the 
Kansas Experiment Station fed 10 
calves that had been hand-raised on 
skim-milk against 10 that fiad run with 
their dams at pasture. The result was 
that the skim-milk calves made an 
average gain of 440 pounds, while the 
sucklings gained 435, and consumed 
more hay and grain per 100 pounds of 
gain. Prof. Cottrell says: 
We attribute the good showing made by 
the skim-milk calves to the fact that at 
weaning time they were already on grain 
feed; they did not worry at loss of their 
(lams as did the other calves, and they 
were perfectly tame. The skim-milk calves 
were fed until weaning on sterilized skim- 
milk with a grain ration composed of 
equal parts of corn and Kaffir corn, with 
all the Alfalfa hay they would eat. They 
were fed in this way 22 weeks, and made 
an average daily gain of V/j pound per calf. 
The feed to raise these calves to weaning 
cost $5.27 per head. As the results .show, 
they were in good condition for feeding 
when weaned, and the experiment shows 
strongly the good feeding qualities of the 
skim-milk calf and the profits that can 
be made from it, when the calf is prop¬ 
erly handled from birth to weaning and 
then pushed for baby beef. The College 
herd of scrub cows, bought without re¬ 
gard to their value for the dairy, pioduccd 
in a year, at creamery prices, milk worth 
$37.75 per cow. The skim-milk calves which 
were fattened in this experiment were of 
mixed breeding, and were selected with¬ 
out regard to their value for the produc¬ 
tion of baby beef. They brought an aver¬ 
age of $40 each when marketed at about a 
year old. I'his shows a gross income in a 
year from a scrub cow and a scrub calf 
of $77.75, when both cow and calf are 
pushed, the cow’s milk sold, and the call 
raised on skim-milk. 
How Koumiss is Made. 
Will you inform me how koumiss is 
made? I have stomach trouble and have 
to diet, and I thought I would try that. 
South Colton. N. Y. o. H. 
Koumiss was first prepared by a very 
old Asiatic tribe, the Kumanen, from 
whom it no doubt takes its name. This 
tribe was mentioned by Xenophon and 
Pliny. The Kumanen made koumiss 
from mare’s milk, and in Russia and 
Asia this practice is still followed, but 
in this country skimmed cow’s milk, to 
which sugar has been added, is usually 
used. Koumiss differs from buttermilk 
in having undergone alcoholic fermen¬ 
tation, fixim one to 1% per cent of al¬ 
cohol being found by the chemist in 
that made from cow’s milk. The die¬ 
tetic value of koumiss seems to ue due 
not to the alcohol which it contains, 
however, but to the peptonized condi¬ 
tion of the casein, which is thus more 
easily digested. The casein is in the 
form of a very fine floating curd. 
To make koumiss take 25 pounds 
separator skim-milk, 10 pounds water, 
seven ounces granulated sugar, three 
ounces milk sugar and about ounce 
good yeast. Stir all together thoroug'h- 
ly and allow it to stand at a tempera¬ 
ture of 100 degrees Fahrenheit for about 
30 hours, stirring meantime at intervals 
of five hours. At the end of this time 
decant carefully into bottles, cork or 
stopper securely, and put into a cellar 
at a temperatui’c of 55 degrees. It sours 
rather quickly, hence should be used 
within six days after making, .j. a. f. 
Gray Head Lice and Poultry. 
The article on Incubator chicks on page 
366 contains some good advice, and some 
1 disapprove of. Near the bottom of the 
page is a reference to the large gray louse 
[ consider incorrect. P. H. Jacobs had 
gray louse on the brain years ago, but he 
never gave it credit for being a boring 
machine. I don’t believe the large gray 
louse injures chickens in any way, pro¬ 
vided the chick is all right to start with. 
I have read, raised and studied chicks for 
30 years. c. w. kino. 
Regarding the work of the gray licad 
louse on ducks, a reliable poultry paper 
states: “If attacked by the large gray 
vermin in the head, though appearing 
well, they will turn over on their backs 
and die.’’ Another paper made the 
same statement recently, describing in 
detail the operation as I gave it in TiiK 
R. N.-Y. Sister Mary told me this Spring 
that her little ducks mothered by hens 
at the Gabriel’s Hennery, were greatly 
injured by big gray lice in the head. 
Personally, I have had no experience 
with these pests on my ducks, but after 
reading the articles above referred to, 
thought perhaps a few cases of sudden 
and unexplained deaths in my flock were 
thus accounted for. While Mr. King 
may be correct in his assertion that my 
insect is a myth I’m very confident that 
the leading poultrymen in the country 
will object to his statement that this 
pest “does not injure chickens in any 
way, provided the chicks are all right 
to start with.” Robert H. Essex, of the 
Reliable Poultry Journal, writes me: 
“The fact that P. H. Jacobs had gray 
louse on the brain years ago, is un¬ 
doubtedly something in favor of Mr. 
Jacobs, although not so intended by Mr. 
King. There are two things that cause 
the death of the majority of poultry in 
this country (aside from those killed 
for market) and those are lice and over¬ 
feeding, and it is probable that the for¬ 
mer are responsible for the most slaugh¬ 
ter. Mr. King’s belief that the large 
gray louse does not injure chickens in 
any way provided the chicken is all 
right to start with has no foundation in 
fact. AYliere a hen and chicks have 
range they rid themselves of lice suffi¬ 
ciently to make a very fair show in the 
struggle for life, but where they are 
minus the range and cooped in the fan¬ 
cier’s yard they certainly must be at¬ 
tended to, or many of the chicks will 
doubtless go to the ‘happy beyond.’ ” 
In view of the experience of our best 
workers among fowls and their united 
verdict regarding the injury and mis¬ 
chief of lice it would appear 'that a lit¬ 
tle too much care and credulity is safer 
than too little. 
KU.\XCES KLI.EN WHEELER. 
Curb, Splint, 
contracted cord.thrush.grease 
heel and all formso£lameness 
yield readily to 
Tuttle’s Elixir. 
endorsed by Adams Kxpress Co* 
Rending Trotting Park, Mass., Aug. 31,1899. 
Dr. S. A. Tuttle, V. .S. 
Dear Sir:—I want to add my testimonial to your list recom¬ 
mending Tuttle’s Elixir forcurl^, broken tendons, thrush, and nails 
in the feet. I have u.sed it on all of these cases many times, and 
never failed to make a cure, J. H. NAY. 
Given internally it is sure cure 
Founder, Piietimoiilu, etc* 
for Colic, IMstcmper, 
^ TUTTLE’S FAMXY ELIXIR cures rheumatism, sprains, 
bruises, etc. Kills pain Instantly. Our 100-ptige book, 
“Veterinary Experience,’’ FREE. 
Dr. S. A. TUTTLE, 30 Severly Sf., Boston, Maas. 
Beware of aossalled Elixirs —none genuine but Tuttle’s. 
AtoW all blisters; they offer only temporary relief If any. 
ORR’S FLY KILLER IS THE BEST 
Kills Files and Lice on Cattle and Horses. 
Hives Cows Comfort, bence more milk. 
Keeps Flies off Horses, hence more work. 
Purllles the Stable, hence health and safety 
One gallon can $1, and Keystone Sprayer $1, both 
sent express prepaid for #2.00, to Introduce it. 
Elve-gallon can, freight prepaid, $4 00. 
HRK & COOPEK, 563 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
THE FULL MILK PAIL 
attnsts the value and is the sure result of the use of our 
NEW CENTURY FLY KILLER OIL. 
There isuo**liy time” where it i.sused. Alisolutelyaafe—harms 
neither man nor beaatand will not taint milk. It is 100 . 1 ! 
evenly and cheaply applied with our Kpeelul Sprayer. 
Calves and young stock can’tthrive and grow if continually 
fighting dies. It’s equally valuable for horses. Prevents “fly 
iirrvousne.sa” and has saved many a “run off” and “smash* 
up.” Ask your dealer for it. If not there, send to us 
lor Sprayer and enough Killer to protect l.bO oows 
or other aiiiiiials. We are the sole manufacturers and 
want ajfeiits everywhere. 
D. B. SMITH 6 l CO., UTICA, N. Y. 
Breeders’ Directory 
Jersey Bull Bargains. —To reduce 
stock, I will sell some fine Pedro calves cheap. 
W. F. MCSPARRAN, Fumlss, Pa. 
JERSEY BULL 
Yearling:—registered, from a great show cow; al. 
most faultless, by a producing sire Farmer’s price 
R. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. ‘ 
123 HOLSTEINStr. 
DELLHURST FARMS, Mentor. Ohio. 
UUP Oil r—PurebredHolstein-Frleslans Two 
run dllLb Registered Bnlls ready for service 
Also Bull Calves. All of above from best families. 
W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y. 
Holsteln-Friesian Bull 
ready for service, and a fine lot of Bull Calves. Best 
of breeding, and from deep producing families. 
C. K. KBCOBD, Peterboro, N. Y. 
F or sale—T horoughbred 
HOLSTBIN-FKIESIAN OATTI.K 
Of the best families. Also, SO hlgb-bred Bnlla at 
reasonable prices. Write the MAPLES STOCK 
FARM, Binghamton, N. Y., WM. ROOD, Prop 
R egistered Holstein-Friesian Bull 
Calves for sale cheap. Prom seven to one 
month old. Large, handsome, nicely marked 
Individuals. Sire Dora DeKol’s Count 237.57, bred by 
Stevens & Sons, of Lacona. N. Y. Selected from 
choicest dams. Inquire P. B. MCLENNAN. 
Iscbua, Cattaraugus County, N. Y. 
pgpifQllipgp—Best quality and breeding. 
DCnlVOnillLO Imported sire. Ohio Farm, 
Le Roy. Ohio. M. L. A H. H. BENHAM. 
CN-ACEY EARM. 
A few more Berkshire Pigs for sale; Storm King 
and Longfellow strains. One .lersey Bull Calf; Com¬ 
bination and St. Lambert blood. ' 
SAMUEL HBHSnBERGBU,MKT.,Grantsvllle. Md. 
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshirea 
and O. WMtst, Choice Pigs, 
8 weeks old, mated not akin. 
Bred Sows and Serrloe Boars. 
PoviUrv. Write for hard Umtt 
prices and free oironlar. 
HAHILTOH A CO., Bosenviok, Chester Co., Pa. 
Angora Goats 
—We have 6.000 head, 
including the whole 
of the John Hamlet 
flock which took the Sweepstakes Prize at Kansas 
City Show. October. 1900. THE NATIONAL ANGOKA 
GOAT AND CATTLE COMPANY, Wellsboro, Pa. 
nflflfl FBBBBTS. Flrst-olass stock. Borne 
hUvU Trained. New price-list free. 
N. A. KNAPP, Boobester, Lorain Co., 0 
Ajs I IskA Hens and Chick 
UVITn TQ Lies 64-page Book FREE. 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponang, B. I. 
ZENOLEUM 
KlllgLicet Ticks, Mto, Plcag, Etc., 
OD all kinds ot animals and poultry, Gtran 
iDtenudiy It drives out worms. Cures sll <uits, wounds, sotss, ete. 
Non-pobonons. Endorsed by lesdinif veterlnsrlsns. “Veterlnsiy Ad- 
ZennerDlaiufectiiDtCos 100 SI-Detroit* 
SHOO-FLY^^Ii- 
Kills OTsry fly it strikes; kesps off the rest. Harmless to mao er 
beast. H cent's worth saves 3 qts. milk and much flesh. 
Send $1.00 for Improved Spraver and enough 8hoo-Flj to 
protect 100 cows, or 25 cents for liquid alone. Guaranteed 
BUOO-FLY HFG. CO., 1005 Fairmouni Ave*, Philadelphla^Pa. 
Make your Cow Comfortable 
Positively prevents 
flies from nnnoy- 
ing cows or 
horses; rids sta¬ 
ble of flics, 
keeps stock 
good tem¬ 
pered and in 
line condi¬ 
tion. A boon 
to every 
stock owner. 
Apply to your 
nearest dialler 
or write for 
booklet and 
prices. 
H. W. Doughten, 
Moorestown, 
N. J. 
Best Gall Cure on Earth 
Mailed anywhere for 50 cents. 
MOOKB BROS., Veterinary Surgeons, Albany, N. Y 
YJBM CHAIN-HANGING 
Cattle Stanchion 
The moit practical and humane •J." 
vented. Gives perfect freedom of the head, limsttatea 
Circular and Price free on appllcatlim. Manuf a^re 
by O. H, K0BEKT80N, ForestvlUe, Conn. 
Wllder ’8 
stanchion 
BTiQtiprpv6ni©ii • over 
—belngan--- 
iBmith’a, Ughtest, strongest 
,Blek«il, (wiiii: sisacUua 
■ud., HiwiUilUtck »»4 csM—iHe 
lock. BM!om«s rtsUwwy wk« 
epM. ABlmslcsuotturaitkikesk' 
WoBt. HBdaofbMtMasMaikovd 
■ww)d. PlnsfcrfBsleBln* witk •vasy 
BtBBCbiOB. S*Bd fee t—tt—twWS P 
X K. WILDER & SONS, I 
NO SPAVINS^ 
The worst possible spavin can be eared in 
45 minates. Garbs, splints and ringbones 
last as quick. Not painful and never has 
failed. Detailed information about this 
new method sent free to horse ojnMs. 
Write today. Ask for pamphlet »o.». 
FLEMING BROS., Union Stock Yards.Chicage. UL 
