6o6 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
UveSto^atid Dairy 
DAIRY NOTES' FROM CONNECTICUT. 
Hot”^eathek Notes. —Pasture feed 
getting scant, flies abundant and water 
not always handy and plentiful will 
cause the cows at this time of year to 
drop off in their yield. Grain is high, 
and many are tempted not to feed any. 
Nothing has been done about giving the 
cows green foidder, and things are a lit¬ 
tle discouraging. It is only a short job 
to spray the cows once a day; perhaps 
not so often if you are fortunate enough 
to get the right fly killer. That ends 
one of the troubles. See that the cows 
have plenty of good water. If necpssaiy 
drive them two or three times a day 
where if they have any inclination they 
will have to drink. Cows will not go 
far out of their way these hot muggy 
days to get water, even if they need it. 
Happy is the man who has conveniences 
for giving them a good supply twice a 
day at the barn. Perhaps after harvest 
is a good time to put in such a plant 
that, unlike a good deal of farm outlay, 
is useful every day in the year. It need 
not be expensive. Fix them so a small 
stream is running all the time; then 
there is no stagnant water and less li¬ 
ability to freezing in Winter. Look over 
carefully any systems that may be in 
your vicinity. If you put in water 
basins have all main pipes as much as 
possible on straight line, and avoid short 
joints, as where water flows slowly the 
pipes are more likely to clog. Put basins 
back of manger where cows can easily 
reach, instead of in the manger, where 
they fill more quickly witn grain, hay 
and silage. Whether to feed grain now 
or not each must decide for himself. 
We feed the year around, though a lim¬ 
ited quantity in early Summer. We 
think cows keep in much bettei condi¬ 
tion and do better throughout the year 
when grain is fed. If not fed now, and 
insufficient food, either in quantity oi 
quality is fed, they will get in poor phy¬ 
sical condition and will be unable to 
respond later to better feeding in a pro¬ 
fitable way. Grain promises to be high 
this season, and it behooves the farmer 
to be more careful than ever of what he 
buys if he gets what he pays for. Many 
will be tempted to buy the cheaper 
grades of oat feeds, etc. We notice they 
are being quoted more frequently now, 
and more brands. We let them severely 
alone. They are too much like late-cut 
hay, a good filler of the cow but not 
of the pail. We can hardly conceive of 
a time when they would really be eco¬ 
nomical. The gluten feeds and meals, 
cotton-seed meal and oil meals are much 
cheaper, though first cost is much higher. 
Poor Grass.— Adjoining our farm 
there stood, June 25 to July 1, one of the 
finest pieces of grass to be seen in this 
neighborhood. It was still standing 
there August 5, but some changes had 
taken place. It was on early moist land. 
The grass had gone to seed and brown¬ 
ed thoroughly; weeds had come in and 
were having their own way. Instead of 
or three tons per acre of choice hay 
containing five to six per cent digestible 
protein and fat, and carbohydrates as 
easily digestible, there is a tough dry 
mass of fodder that “will feed” as some 
farmers say. It has lost not less than 
half its digestible protein that some one 
will have to make up for later at five 
to 20 Cents per pound at the feed mill. 
The easily digestible carbohydrates have 
changed to coarse indigestible crude 
fiber. It isn’t palatable, and will never 
be a good milk-producing food. The 
cow would get about as much goodness 
out of a dirty dishrag, and would per¬ 
haps like it better. The owner of such 
hay may tell you, as we have so often 
heard, that “it will do for young cattle 
and dry stock,” but that is one of the 
big mistakes that too many farmers 
make. They expect calves to grow 
(often without any grain) on this kind 
of hay, and turn out profitable cows, but 
they will not do it. You are only cheat¬ 
ing yourself when you try it. Calves, to 
make profitable cows, should be fed food 
that will keep them growing constantly 
(without fattening) from birth to ma¬ 
turity. This kind of hay turns out poor 
miserable scrawny runts that are 
ghosts of the dairy cow. If you expect 
your cow while dry to grow a good calf 
and do profitable work at the pail when 
she comes in, don’t make her depend on 
this kind of fodder. Don’t worry about 
milk fever if you do. You can’t cheat 
the cow. But was there any real neces¬ 
sity for not having choice early-cut hay? 
Kkkp Tiiinos Clean. —In spite of all 
the preaching about cleanliness the 
average dairyman doesn’t practice it 
very hard. Unless he is in direct touch 
with the particular consumer he is not 
apt to be scrupulously clean. Recently 
we had occasion to draw off the cream 
of several patrons of a neighboring 
creamery run on the gathered-cream 
style. Most of them use the Cooley sys¬ 
tem. We could not help observing the 
amount of sediment in the bottom of 
some of the cans; enough in some un¬ 
favorably to bacterialize all the cream 
at the creamery. If cream is dirty and 
full of sediment when cows are at pas¬ 
ture night and day, one can imagine 
the product turned out in Winter, when 
the cows are stabled all the time. One 
patron uses separator, but has no 
proper conveniences for cooling the 
cream and no ice, though a good ice 
pond is less than a quarter of a mile 
away. His cream will keep sweet only 
a few hours, and never can compare 
with cream properly cooled and kept in 
ice water. The creamery that receives 
the cream from these and many more 
patrons doesn’t make top-notch butter, 
and cannot, because it doesn’t get the 
right cream to do so. It ought to be one 
of the most important duties of the 
creamery manager to make frequent in¬ 
spection of barns, creameries and con¬ 
tents, and to see that strict cleanliness 
is observed, but this is not done. They 
seem to think their work done when the 
butter is sold and bills are collected, 
but one part is as important as the 
other, as the makers of the higher 
grades of butter can secure the better 
class of customers, where it is not so 
hard to collect the bills as to sell the 
goods. H. O. MANCHESTER. 
Starting With Sheep. 
I am thinking of raising sheep. I hare 
25 acres of new land, about 14 acres under 
cultivation, the remainder timber and 
growing up to underbrush. Will it pay to 
keep sheep, and if so, how many can I 
keep? What kind is the most hardy and 
profitable? My land is just medium as to 
fertility, and a little wet Spring and Fall; 
is mostly loam and little sand, and quite 
frosty. Give all necessary advice, for I 
know but little about farming, and noth¬ 
ing about sheep. How many would you 
advise to start with? s. e. q. 
Blairs Corners, Pa. 
With but slight knowledge of farming 
and none of sheep, you will have an op- 
Ifortunity to experiment. Sheep should 
serve you well on the land you refer to, 
and the expense of 10 ewes this Fall will 
not be great. They will certainly very 
greatly assist in cleaning up the 11 acres 
you refer to. You should, if possible, 
consult some sheep-growing neighbor, 
and get him to assist you in buying the 
sheep. I should recommend yearling, 
high-grade ewes, of the medium wool 
class, of Shropshire or Oxford type. I 
judge your land to be fairly level and 
suited to this class of sheep, which are 
inclined to be quiet in disposition and 
suited to low ground, if not too wet. One 
could buy such sheep in many stock 
yards of larger-sized towns and cities, 
and a fairly intelligent butcher should 
bo able to purchase them for you if you 
wish. The total cost of these ewes, at 
this time, ought not to be over $4 or so 
a head, the way prices on sheep are now 
ruling. What you want are good, uni¬ 
form, stock ewes, that are perfectly vig 
orous and healthy. You can easily de 
termine whether they are yearlings or 
not, for if they are the two middle front 
teeth of the eight on the lower jaw will 
be noticeably larger than the other six. 
If the sheep is two years old, she will 
have four teeth of larger size in the 
middle. Two new large teeth come in 
each year, until eight large ones occupy 
the lower jaw. There are no upper 
front teeth in the sheep. So look out 
and do not get imposed on with old 
sheep. Then it will pay you to buy a 
fairly good ram to mate with these ewes 
this Fall. Such a ram, for your pur¬ 
pose, can be bought for $15, and you 
can use him two years. Buy a yearling, 
get one of good size, weighing at least 
225 pounds, with the wool thick on the 
Dody and hind legs, and covering the 
face as much as possible. Let the ram 
run with the ewes, and he should be 
turned with them by October 15. I sug¬ 
gest breeding the ewes, as much more 
profitable than keeping stock to feed 
only. Then the increase in lambs should 
pay for the keep of the flock, and a nice 
profit besides*. 
If at all practical, you should keep 
your sheep up in an enclosure at night, 
provided mongrel dogs are very com 
mon near the farm. Dogs kill many 
sheep in a year. In fact, in certain sec¬ 
tions of the country dogs are the chief 
obstacle to successful sheep husbandry. 
If the sheep are put in a shed at night, 
they can be fed and also protected. 
About a pint a day per head of a mix¬ 
ture of equal parts oats, bran and corn 
will make the sheep thrive and keep 
in fine condition in Winter, and when 
suckling lambs. When on good pasture 
and not suckling lambs, no grain is 
necessary. If you take up this enter¬ 
prise, you will no doubt find helpful 
sheep notes in The R. N.-Y. from time 
to time. c. s. plums 
Good Grain for Young Pigs. 
Which is the best pig feed, barley, rye 
or oats, for young pigs to grow bone and 
muscie? ®- 
Tallula, lil. 
Any one of these feeds will make good 
feed for young growing pigs. If you, 
however, will grind the oats, they will 
make, after being sieved, the most valu¬ 
able feed. If you can use the ground 
oats with skim-milk, you will have a 
first-class growing combination. When 
the pigs get to weigh 40 pounds or so, 
it will not be necessary to screen the 
oats. Barley is also a superior feed for 
young, growing pigs. This grain is a 
staple feed in Europe, to produce a high- 
class bacon. The barley should be 
ground, however. c. s. plumb. 
Hors© Owners Should. Us© 
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August .31 
Breeders’ Directory 
JERSEY BULL 
Yearling— rejrlstered, from a great show cow; al. 
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R. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty 8t., Pittsburg, Pa. 
123 HOLSTEINSrs 
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CnD Cll E—PUREBRED HOLSTEIN-FRIE- 
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Choice IMgs. 8 weeks old, mated not 
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IIAMILTON Sc CO., liosenwick, Chester Co., ra. 
SHROPSHIRES 
Either sex. Sired by England’s prize 
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Descriptive circulars. 
8 . SPRAGUE, Falconer, New Y’ork 
—A choice lot of Delaine and 
Black-Top Rams and Ewes 
to select from, will be sold 
_cheap. Correspondence so¬ 
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RAMS 
2000 
FKBBBTB. Flrat-olass itook. Borne 
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N. A. KNAPP. Boohester, Lorain Co., O 
rnlllB Dfinc—Females. Circulars. SILAS 
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■a _ I on Hens and Chioke. 
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