1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
645 
EVERYBODY’S GARDEN. 
Fair Exhibits Once More. —As cred¬ 
itable exhibits mean extra effort, and 
much previous preparation is always 
necessary, it is always well to begin in 
season. The rules governing exhibits 
ill which you desire to compete should 
be well in mind, and, if possible, exclu¬ 
sive space for staging will be far more 
satisfactory than dispersing your en¬ 
tries. Obtain neat cards, mark each va¬ 
riety plainly, and tie to the package 
with baby ribbon. White plates or plat¬ 
ters are best,-and should be used in pre¬ 
ference to baskets or other packages, 
except Where too large amounts are spe¬ 
cified in the rules of competition. Ordi¬ 
narily the rules of societies prohibit the 
names of exhibitors appearing on their 
displays, and this is correct, as eliminat¬ 
ing one element, at least, of seeming fa¬ 
voritism, so then contestants’ names 
should only appear in the private rec¬ 
ord books of the society, and never on 
the displays. Attention to these points 
will greatly facilitate the labors oi the 
judges, and go far in bringing such care¬ 
fully-prepared work into favor. 
Tying Up Tomatoes. —The experience 
of this season more fuliy than ever 
demonstrates the necessity of growing 
the tomatoes up off the ground. In thin 
light soils where heavy growth of vines 
is not likely, the damage of course from 
rain and wet ground will be far less than 
with rank-growing vines. Our loss will 
be large this year, from recent heavy 
rains and excessive growth of vines. In 
large areas, staking or trellising is 
doubtless, under general conditions, im¬ 
practicable; it can always be done, how¬ 
ever, in small gardens, and is usually 
the safer plan. A heavy mulching with 
.straw or coarse litter applied before the 
vines fall down will to a large extent 
prevent the damage by decay. Pruning 
and tying up will not, evidently, give 
as large a number of fruits, but they will 
be larger, fairer and less liable to rot 
than when allowed to lie on the ground, 
and often be pressed and crowded out 
of shape by the weight of the vines rest¬ 
ing upon them. Opinions of growers 
differ widely upon the subject, but the 
above seems to be a reasonable view. 
Seed Corn. —For the sweet corn seed 
I am this year selecting only from stalks 
bearing two well-developed ears. This 
selection will reject many very fine ears 
growing singly on the stalks, but the 
double-ear theory will be strictly ad¬ 
hered to, and results carefully noted. 
Lima Beans. —Although coming this 
year much later than usual, the Lima 
beans are here, and bring with them 
their usual share of good cheer. With 
us, Burpee’s Willow Leaf is proving the 
earliest of the bush varieties, and hold¬ 
ing its record as an immense cropper. 
The pods are smaller than are some 
other varieties, but abundant as to num¬ 
ber, and always well filled with beans, 
pure white in color, and second to none 
in fiavor. The bush itself is a novelty, 
being very ornamental, and with leaves 
almost identical in shape with the wil¬ 
low. If we mistake not, this will prove 
a valuable general-purpose sort, either 
for large or small gardens. 
Preparing for Frost. —In many lo¬ 
calities frost may now be expected at 
almost any time, and some protection 
for the tomatoes, squashes, etc., will be 
in order. Tomatoes require and should 
receive special attention, as one or two 
heavy frosts will usually send prices up 
v/ith astonishing rapidity. It is not at 
all uncommon for prices to advance 50 
cents per bushel or more within a few 
hours, and hence it is exceedingly satis¬ 
factory if provided with a supply to meet 
these upward prices. Watch the weather 
closely, and pick the tomatoes before be¬ 
ing frosted, carefully rejecting all speck¬ 
ed or otherwise unsound fruits. It is 
utterly useless to waste time with any 
that are decayed in the least, as they 
will only destroy the good ones. Place 
a thick layer of straw in the hotbed and 
pack the tomatoes in layers with the 
greener ones at the bottom. Put on the 
sash, whidh will not only protect from 
storms, but also hasten the ripening, but 
while thoroughly protecting from rain 
they must also have plenty of ventila¬ 
tion. Care in handling will mature the 
fruits, even if placed in when very green. 
The cellar, if perfectly dry, will also ma¬ 
ture the fruits nicely, but they should 
not be piled, but spread out thinly on 
straw If the cellar bottom is at all damp. 
In this way tomatoes may be kept in 
very good condition until late in No¬ 
vember. 
Pumpkins and squashes may be car¬ 
ried through quite severe frosts without 
injury, by covering well with straw or 
coarse litter. With especially fine hills, 
which may not have fully matured, it 
will usually pay well to do this, as they 
will often make very decided growth 
after the surrounding vines which were 
unprotected are dead beyond any hope. 
Four years ago, some very large pump¬ 
kins which I was growing were in dan¬ 
ger of being killed by frost before ma¬ 
turity. They were intended for show 
windows in some of the large stores, and 
my object was the largest possible 
growth and thoroughly matured fruits. 
They were carefully covered, fruits and 
vines, and came through without injury, 
and kept growing vigorously until the 
second frost came, which killed the 
leaves and leaf stalks. At this time the 
pumpkins only were covered, the vines 
being left to care for themselves. But 
being very large and strong, the main 
vines still remained green, and the 
pumpkins by actual measurement made 
very decided growth after everything 
but the main stems was dead. Did all 
this trouble pay, do you ask? I think 
so, for the pumpkins were sold at satis¬ 
factory prices for the purpose for which 
they were grown, and the cards upon 
them with the grower’s name and resi¬ 
dence were a good advertisement. Cab¬ 
bage, celery and all late-growing vege¬ 
tables will be greatly benefited by a lib¬ 
eral use of the hoe and steel garden rake 
to loosen and fine the' soil, and admit 
the air and sunshine. J. e. morse. 
Michigan. 
Alfalfa in Orchards. 
We have noticed In several orchards of 
western New York mixtures of the clover 
and turnip seed sown in orchards as a crop 
to follow Summer cultivation. In most of 
these mixtures Alfalfa has taken the start, 
and its plants are readily noticed. Some 
authorities say that Alfalfa should never 
be sown in an orchard, and they give good 
reasons for it. Prof. John Craig explains 
why the Alfalfa was used. 
Ans. —I have advised the use of Al¬ 
falfa as a cover crop in orchards. It was 
on the understanding, however, that the 
crop should be plowed under early next 
Spring. I do not think that it would be 
a desirable crop to introduce in an or¬ 
chard on the perennial basis, but on the 
annual plan I think it possesses many 
desirable qualities. As a matter of fact 
the character of the plant cuts very lit¬ 
tle figure under the present system of 
orchard cultivation as practiced in west¬ 
ern New York. The cultivation is so 
thorough in the early part of the season 
that the plant used for cover purposes, 
whatever its proclivities may be, is 
bound to be eradicated. I have used Al¬ 
falfa for this purpose in several or¬ 
chards, and have had no difficulty what¬ 
ever in turning it under. I have been 
advising mixtures of Alfalfa and pea- 
vine, Crimson clover and cow peas, pea- 
vine and cow peas, etc. Twenty-five or 
30 men in the State are trying some lit¬ 
tle experiments along these lines. 
JOHN CRAIG. 
How and When to Bud Fruit. 
should be cut when plump and fully 
formed, while the leaf is still firm. June 
budding is successful if the stocks are 
large enough, and firm buds can be 
found. As a general rule buds should 
be used as soon as possible after being 
cut, but may be kept some time by cov¬ 
ering the branches with damp moss In a 
cool place after trimming off the leaves. 
To set buds first clear the necessary 
space on the stock from leaves, branches 
and loose bark, make a horizontal cut 
a half inch or so long about the stem 
just through the bark, and a downward 
cut from the middle of the first some¬ 
what longer, the two cuts joining like 
a capital T. Lift the angles with the 
edge of knife and slip the shield-shaped 
piece of wood and bark carrying the 
bud under the raised edges, pushing 
down until snugly in place. If the stock 
is in the right condition the bud will 
peel up the bark readily as it slips down. 
When in place tie tightly with damp 
raffia or similar material, covering all 
the cuts to keep out wind and rain. The 
buds should be examined within two 
weeks, and the bandages loosened or re¬ 
moved if the bud has grown fast. Nearly 
all fruit trees may be successfully bud¬ 
ded, in the following order of facility: 
Peach, apricot, plum, cherry, quince, 
pear and apple. 
Some Experiments With,heat. 
I>ast year I sent you a brief account of 
a new variety of wheat 1 was developing, 
and its peculiar behavior. It began with 
a single stool of wheat which I found 
among my Dawson’s Golden Chaff In 1898. 
My attention was called to it by its heading 
out above the Golden Chaff wheat, and a 
week or so earlier. 1 saved and planted it 
by itself that Fall, and at the harvest of 
1899 I saved from it IVz pound of the most 
mixed lot of wheat 1 ever saw. Every 
kernel that 1 sowed was red wheat, but I 
harvested some white, some red, and every 
shade between the two. I called it a sport, 
and assorted the wheat, putting the pure 
white kernels by themselves, the pure red 
by themselves and the intermediate grades 
in a third parcel. These I sowed again, 
each parcel by Itself, and in 1900 harvested 
about one bushel in all, but with the same 
result as before. In each parcel I got a 
mixed result—white wheat where 1 sowed 
only red, and red wheat where I sowed 
nothing but white, all mixed together with 
intermediate shades. There was also a 
marked difference In the shape of the kernel 
between the white and the red—the white 
being shorter and plumper, or rounder than 
the red. 1 made up my mind that it was 
useless to try to separate the varieties, es¬ 
pecially as there was but a small propor¬ 
tion of white wheat among it at this time, 
so in the Pall of 1900 I sowed it all together 
in a piece of corn ground, which was fitted 
by dragging It with a spring-tooth harrow, 
and without fertilizer of any kind. I have 
harvested from it 17*4 bushels of an almost 
pure red wheat, which weighs 63 pounds to 
the measured bushel. I have set aside six 
bushels to sow this Fall on corn ground, 
which I shall give a better show than I 
gave it last year, and have had the rest 
ground to test its milling qualities. It is a 
bald red wheat, which ripened this year a 
week earlier than Dawson’s Golden Chaff 
sown the same day in the same field. It 
has a strong stiff straw, and withstood the 
attack of the Hessian lly remarkably well. 
The flies were plenty in it, as they were In 
all the wheat in this section—many fields 
of which were never harvested. Under the 
circumstances I consider the yield of 17% 
bushels for one bushel sowed on less than 
an acre of ground a remarkably good one. 
The reports from our miller and baker are 
so far very favorable. f. hodgman. 
Michigan. 
BULBS 25*cont8 BULBS 
we will send you, postpaid, ibe 25 bulbs named eelow: 
3 Homan Hyacinths, white, rose, blue. 
6 Mixed Tallps, extra-due mixture 
3 Narcissus, all dllTerent. 
10 tlrocus. mixed colors, mammoth bulbs&flowers 
3 Freesias, laree bulbs, white flowers. 
These are all good sound strong bulbs. Our Fall 
catalogue of Trees, Plants and Bulbs free with every 
order. Order now to secure this offer. Send us name 
and address of friends who may need trees, seeds, 
plants or bulbs with your order, and we will put in 
some extras that will please you. 
T. C. FURNAS & CO., Sheridan, Ind. 
Wood’s Seeds 
FOR FALL SOWING. 
T. W. Wood & Sons Fall Catalogue, 
is.suod in Augu.st, tells all about 
GRASS and CLOVER SEEDS, 
Vetches, Crimson Clover, Seed 
Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, 
Rape, etc. Also Vegetable 
and Flower Seeds, Hya¬ 
cinths, Tulips, and all 
Bulbs, Seeds and 
Plants for Fall 
planting. 
The information given in our Fall 
Catalogue about different crops is from 
our customers’ and our own practical 
experience. We are constantly in re¬ 
ceipt of the most gratifying expressions 
as to the great value and the help that 
our Catalogue proves to Farmers and 
Gardeners everywhere. Catalogue 
mailed on rerpiest. Write for it and 
prices of any seeds desired, 
T.W. WOOD & SONS, 
Seed Growers & Merchants. 
RICHMOND, VA. 
LARGEST SEED HOUSE IN THE SOUTH. 
Qrrn UUUC AT“*'" * Mediterranean; very 
OLLU tlfiLnl hardy. Heavy ylelder. 40 bush¬ 
els per acre, thrashers’ measure. Clean seed,90 cents 
per bushel. I. II. PERKINS, Dover, Del. 
CaawI Wheats.—Dawson’sOolden Chaff, McKinley 
w6cU Bald and White Chaff. Stood Messlan fly. 
$l iJ5 per bushel In 10-bushel lots; two bushels, #8. 
Gold Coin, 90o.; bags 1.5c. 26 varieties tested, only 
three stood Hessian fly. Description free. 
.S. J. SMITH’S WHEAT FARM, Manchester. N. Y 
STRONG POTTED STRAWBERRY AI 
PLANTS, early and late, sent safely 
anywhere postpaid for One Dohar. t' 
A. B. KATKAMIEU, Maoedon, N. Y. 
New Plums for Trial 
One each-CLlMAX, BARTLETl’. SULTAN. 8HIKO, 
AMERICA, APPLE, CUALCO,'‘CTOoEK PURPLE, 
WICKSON Strong one-year- Id on plum roots, 
9 trees foriBl 80 
ROGERS ON THE nli’\ Dansvllle, N. Y. 
FINE NURSERY STOCK 
Grown In tho famous Delaware fruit land. Free from 
disease; true to name. Krulc Tr.-»*s. Berry 
Flttnts, Asparagu.** Foots. Try our prices on 
two-year Kleffer Pears. DOVER NURaBRl^ 
B, U. ATKINSON. Do^er. Del. 
SUCCEED WHERE 
Largest Nursery. OTHERS FAIL. 
Fruit Boo* Frtt. Result of 76 years' experience. 
CREE 
Illustrated Catalogue 
of « holre Bvergrt-ens, 
__Hhrube, Frultau‘1 Jther 
Treoe, Itoscn, W ater Lillies, etc. FiioM 
■i low. Beautify your home at small expense, 
e. S. PETERSON k SONS, Box 15. Montrose. New York. 
OUR FRUIT TREES 
Ornamental Trees, Vines and Plants 
are j^rown on the banks of Iho Hudson Rlvt*r, 
where with favorable climatic tondltions, a per- 
lecl season, rich »oll and thorough cultivation, 
we have matured the finest and most complete 
list of stock ever grown in the H ud.son Valley. 
Quality always our first aim; personal inspection 
Invited. Fall planting gives best results. Our 
Summer and Autumn Catalogue free to all read- 
er.s of Thk R. N.-Y. Ask us for information you 
may need on horticultural matters, and you will 
have answer in next mall. 
T. J. OWkKR & SON, 
Orange Co. Nurseries. Box 1. Cornwall. N. Y. 
THK 8TOKKS & HAKKISONI CO., PAINSVIJLLK, OHIO* 
Leading American Nurterjmena offer one of the Hoet Complete AeaorimenU ol 
FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, SNRURS, ROSES, BULRS, ETC. 
4g Year*. 44 Greenhouie*. 1000 Acre*. Correapandence Solicited. Oatalos Free. 
TREES 
S8 PER 100 
—APPLE, PEAR and PLUM, 3 to 5 feet high. 
HEALTHY and TRUE TO NAME. Best varieties, 
vvp sell all kinds of trees and pliiDlB at lowest Wholesale prices. Don’t buy 
until you get our Catalogue, which Is free, or send list of wants for special 
price. 
Address RELIANCE NURSERY, Box 10, Geneva 
spec 
, N- 
G. Ji., River View, N. Y.-When should I 
bud all kinds of fruit trees? When should 
the buds be cut, and how are they set? 
Ans. —Fruit trees are generally bud¬ 
ded in August and early September, 
though the work may be done any time 
when the stocks peel freely and the 
buds are fairly developed. Tho buds 
Are You in Doubt 
WHAT TO BUY OK WHKKE 'I’O 
HUY IT 't Are you looking for a safe 
place to buy your trees? Would you 
like to find one catalogue that tells the truth about varieties? Do you want safe trees-furnigated 
trees; trees that when you read the label and plant the tree 
you know just what the fruit will be? Then KOGEKS’ 
TREES are the trees you want. They are the safest trees, 
thebesttrees —famous as the hills oii which they grjw. If 
there Is anything else you would like to know, just 
dropallneto ROGERS ON THE HILL, DANSVILLE, N. Y. , 
IF IT'S A ROGERS’ TREE 
IT'S A SAFE TREE. 
