1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
653 
BOOK BULLETIN 
FOR SALE BY THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Fruit Harvesting, Storing and Mar¬ 
keting, by F. A. Waugh. A practical 
guide to the picking, sorting, storing, ship¬ 
ping and marketing of fruits. Illustrated; 
250 pages. Price, postpaid, $1. 
Turkey Culture.— A pamphlet of 100 
pages, giving the experience of successful 
turkey raisers. Price, postpaid, 50 cents. 
The Current Encyclopedia.— Those who 
desire to keep in touch with modern events 
are often at a loss to find reference works 
that are up to date. History moves on at 
automobile speed; the maps change day by 
day, and the obscure town or country of 
to-day is the spot upon which all eyes are 
fixed to-morrow. Economic changes are 
no less rapid than political. A serial refer¬ 
ence work is really needful, and this want 
is supplied by the Current Encyclopedia. 
The August issue contains, among other 
valuable papers, copious Illustrated articles 
on the Department of Agriculture by A. C. 
True, Director of U. S. Office of Experi¬ 
ment Stations: Alaska; Argentina; coin¬ 
age; Congress: Nicaragua Canal; Nile 
dam; Oklahoma; trades unions, etc. The 
September issue will give first authentic 
statistics of the wheat crop of 1901, a full 
history of Venezuela, and a quantity of 
other timely matter. 
MARKET NOTES 
POOR FISHING.—From present indica¬ 
tions prices for prime salt mackerel will 
be very high during the coming season. 
The catch of the New England fleet to date 
is only 58,000 barrels. 16,000 less than for 
the same period last year. A large share 
of the catch from the Maine coast has run 
150 fish to the barrel, and sold as high as 
$15..50. Of course, these were extra large 
fish, as ordinary sizes run from 250 to 350 
per barrel. 
WHY VARIED PRICES?—A correspond¬ 
ent wishes to know why some varieties of 
beans are quoted so much higher than 
others on the same day. At first thought 
it might seem that the quality and nothing 
else makes this difference, but supply as 
well as quality has a hand in it. Now 
and then one will be surprised to find that 
on account of great scarcity of goods of 
an inferior grade, the price for a short 
time will jump above those of higher qual¬ 
ity. It may appear strange that anyone 
should pay more for an inferior article than 
a better one, but this is easily accounted 
for by the tastes of individuals, and also 
of classes, where great crowds of one na¬ 
tionality are massed together in cities. 
There are certain varieties of cheese, for 
instance, which in stores and markets are 
securely confined under glass covers out of 
consideration for the traveling public, yet 
there are people in full possession of their 
senses who are extremely fond of them, 
and they sell for very high prices. 
MORE ABOUT PACKAGES.—A few 
peaches come in a package which carries 
well but is not economical, so far as space 
is concerned. It consists of two eight- 
quart, inverted-bell baskets, fastened side 
by side in a frame resembling the common 
bushel crate. A method of shipping grapes 
which Is growing in favor each year, par¬ 
ticularly for early grapes or fancy sorts, 
is the use of an oblong carrier containing 
eight baskets holding between two and 
three pounds. This is really a diminutive 
peach carrier. Another size of the same 
style contains eight 314-pound baskets. 
Most of the grape crop, however, comes in 
handled baskets containing four and eight 
pounds, respectively. The Niagara, Dela¬ 
ware, Salem and Catawba are put in the 
smaller sizes, and sell at a higher propor¬ 
tionate price than Concord. Just why this 
is so is hard to tell, unless because the 
Concord is so much more plentiful than 
the others. Certainly the quality of well- 
ripened Concords is not inferior to Niagara 
or Catawba. A great many Catawbas, 
however, are stored, on account of their 
long-keeping qualities, being sold during the 
holidays at high prices, and for this pur¬ 
pose the large basket would not be suit¬ 
able. Niagara has the fault of losing its 
flavor under storage. I have tested speci¬ 
mens which looked perfect, and yet were 
as insipid as sweetened water. Of course, 
this may have been more the fault of the 
storage than the fruit. 
BARGAINING.—The conversations heard 
around the retail fruit markets are often 
amusing. Some of the sellers Indulge In 
the most unblushing prevarications, but, as 
the buyer immediately discounts them 100 
per cent, no particular harm is done ex¬ 
cept to gdve an additional thickness to the 
sole-leather tan on the dealer’s conscience. 
I recently saw a man who wished to buy 
a small quantity of plums, and here is the 
way the matter was talked over: 
“How much for them plums?” 
"Half a dollar.” 
"Be they sound?” 
“Sure, every one of them. Here, Just 
look at them,” tilting the basket in such 
a way that the least possible light was ad¬ 
mitted. “You ain’t buying no pig in a bag. 
They’re all right.” 
“Here’s a rotten one.” 
“O, well, what do you expect? One 
speckled plum in a basket! That’s noth¬ 
ing. Well, take it for 40 cents, as that’s 
the last one. They cost me 45 this morn¬ 
ing.” 
By this time the buyer had handled over 
the top layer and found several decayed 
plums underneath. He showed these one 
by one to the dealer, who kept saying al¬ 
ternately, “I tell you they’re all sound,” 
and; “O, well, what do you expect? One 
rotten one in a basket!” Finally the buyer 
concluded that they would not do, and he 
went on, the dealer calling after him: “If 
you can find any better I’ll treat you.” 
Probably that was a safe offer, as nearly 
all of the eastern-grown plums that I saw 
that day were badly decayed. At one 
store was a pile of 25 eight-pound baskets 
of what were claimed to be Green Gages, 
so rotten that it was doubtful whether one 
sound basket could have been sorted out of 
the whole lot. They were probably too 
near ripe when shipped, and had been 
standing around too long. The California 
plums, which keep so well, are packed so 
that every layer is separate. The fruit is 
not jammed in putting on the covers, and 
there is a circulation of air. w. w. h. 
PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION NOTES. 
IjOUIsiana.— TiOuisiana has one of the 
largest as well as one of the most repre¬ 
sentative exhibits in the Agricultural 
Building. Almost every product of the 
farms of the State Is shown. Perhaps the 
most conspicuous Is that of cotton. There 
are bales of marketable sizes, showing the 
best grades of cotton, from the long sta¬ 
ple or Sea Island to the short upland 
grades. Among them Is a sample of brown 
cotton, which will doubtless be new to a 
great many who do not know that there is 
a variety of cotton which naturally has 
this color. There are about 50 varieties 
grown there. The output of 1900 was valued 
at about $37,000,000, which shows that it Is 
the leading product of the State. The 
sugar Industry comes next in importance, 
as it yields annually about $30,000,000. It 
is Illustrated by photographs of the fields 
showing the methods of planting, harvest¬ 
ing, and all the other operations necessary 
In reducing the cane to the finished pro¬ 
duct. Samples of the cane are also shown. 
It may not be known to many that the 
tropical cane from which sugar is made 
does not make seed, and hence it cannot 
be propagated except by planting the 
stalks, which take root and grow, a sprout 
coming from each joint. A plantation 
lasts about three years, after which time 
the vitality of the stock is so low that the 
field has to be broken up and replanted. 
Rice in all its various forms is shown, 
from the grain in the sheaf to the product 
ready for market. The grain in the head 
looks very handsome, and is well worth 
seeing by those who are not familiar with 
it. There is also rice flour, which Is used 
for making various kinds of baked articles, 
the bran has Its use as stock food, and the 
straw for paper; In fact, all the products 
are put to some good use. Formerly all 
the rice that was grown in Uoulslana was 
near the Mississippi River, where the 
water was siphoned over the levee to the 
rich bottom lands, but now It has been 
found that there is a vast area, which is 
mainly on the prairies of the southwestern 
part of the State, where there are thou¬ 
sands of acres already devoted to rice 
culture and millions more that can be so 
used. The industry has grown from a very 
insignificant stage until last year the an¬ 
nual crop was worth about $10,000,000. 
which is more than all the product of the 
Carolinas and Georgia, where rice was 
formerly grown more largely than else¬ 
where within the United States. A variety 
from Japan is now the leading one grown, 
and the introduction of this has been a 
great stimulus to the industry, because It 
can be milled through much more easily 
than the old varieties. Sweet potatoes of 
the very best quality are shown, and aisn 
the two grades of Irish potatoes, which 
are fast becoming one of their leading 
market crops. 
Some of the best pecans In all the coun¬ 
try are grown In southern Uouislana. 
Fifteen varieties are shown, and some of 
them so large as hardly to be recognized 
as pecans. They also have very thin shells, 
and orchards are being planted to such an 
extent that these choice varieties will 
soon make quite a showing upon the mar¬ 
ket. The display of fruit models Is ex¬ 
cellent. While the apple is not one of their 
leading fruit crops, still there Is a very 
good representation of this fruit, as there 
Is also of peaches, pears, grapes, Japan 
plums and persimmons and many other 
kinds of fruit which are shown to good 
advantage, and which makes It evident 
that no one need starve for fruit In 
I.oulslana. Corn of the best quality Is also 
displayed, and the cnw pen !<? shown in a 
great many varieties. This latter is one 
of the most valuable crops grown, not only 
for the peas for use as an article of food, 
but because of the beneficial effects of the 
crop from the soil, especially when the 
vines are plowed under. Fiber plants have 
quite a conspicuous place, especially the 
native moss, which grows upon the trees 
in Immense quantity. When the farmers 
or any of the laboring people run out of 
other employment, they can go to the 
woods and pull moss, put it in some pond 
or stream where It undergoes a process of 
decay and after being taken out and dried, 
is almost like horse hair, and has a steady 
market value. Beautiful specimens of jute 
and ramie are also shown. The former Is 
the material which is used In making 
coarse bags, and the latter is almost as 
fine as silk and Is used in making fine 
fabrics. The oyster farms of the State 
are also represented by specimens of the 
shells showing the different market sizes, 
the young spat just caught upon articles 
found in the water, and jars of the edible 
partw On the whole, the exhibit from 
Louisiana will fully repay the visitor quite 
as well as any that I have seen. A very 
Intelligent and painstaking man Is In at¬ 
tendance to explain all these exhibits. 
Nebraska.— Nebraska has a small but 
very handsome and Interesting exhibit. 
Perhaps the main feature Is an allegorical 
representation of the world, which Is ex¬ 
plained in a most fitting, entertaining and 
instructive manner by Col. Randall, who 
Is in constant attendance. This part of 
the exhibit Is arranged on the wall In cir¬ 
cular form. The outside, which Is com¬ 
posed of grasses and grains In the sheaf. 
Is supposed to support all the rest, especi¬ 
ally the animal kingdom, which feeds upon 
them. Agriculture has been. Is, and al¬ 
ways will be a business because the con¬ 
sumption of the products Is continuous. 
The farmer will never be out of a job. 
His work goes on in part while he sleeps, 
and he has this advantage over the me¬ 
chanic whose Income ceases when his 
hands are Idle, while the farmer’s crops 
grow whether It rains or shines, whether 
he is sick or well, excepting, of course, the 
crops which are neglected or some serious 
calamity that may befall them. The larger 
circle is made of ears of white corn, which 
Col. Randall happily says represents the 
white race, and It dominates the world. 
Inside of this are various colored ears of 
corn, red, brown, yellow and speckled, 
which represent the other nations of the 
earth. They are more for .show than utility, 
so the Colonel says. The visitor will he 
pleased carefully to examine the Nebraska 
exhibit, as well as listen to the words of 
Instruction and good advice given by oui 
friend. 
Idaho.— Of all the State exhibits In the 
.\gricultural Building that of Idaho la per¬ 
haps the most artistic. It Is not large, but 
the plan and the manner of decoration are 
at once unique and exceedingly pleasing. 
The design and the carrying out of It are 
the work of Mr. and Mrs. Wesaels, of 
Idaho, who are old hands at exposition 
work, and their efforts here have certain¬ 
ly been worthy of their skill. To them 
the credit mainly belongs. Various cereals 
and grasses of the State, which are many, 
have been used In the most effective way. 
There are grains shown In jars, and also 
some fresh vegetables, which prove what 
the State can produce. I think some of 
the onions would weigh a pound or more 
each, which Is fully equal to those we Im¬ 
port from foreign countries. 
Manitoba.— Manitoba has a large and 
handsome exhibit. Wheat, flour and cattle 
being their main exports they are in the 
foreground. The display of wheat Is main¬ 
ly of one variety, which Is the Red Fife. 
It is a Soring wheat, has a hard grain, 
and makes an excellent grade of flour. It 
is said by those in charge of the exhibit 
to make 20 loaves of bread more to the 
barrel, than flour made from any of the 
soft wheats because It Is drier, contains 
more gluten and will absorb more water. 
The native and cultivated grasses, barley 
and oats, of which there are 25 varieties 
of the former shown, are also nicely dis¬ 
played. The pasturage for cattle on the 
native prairies, and In the woodlands to 
some extent. Is said to be almost without 
limit. Very little oats or barley Is ex¬ 
ported, these grains being kept at home 
and fed to the stock. Flax Is also largely 
grown for the seed, but not for the fiber, 
and a handsome display Is made of this 
both In the sheaf and of thrashed seed. 
One notable fact that was stated by the 
attendant was that almost every season a 
part of the harvest Is never gathered be¬ 
cause of the inability to secure sufficient 
laborers. This year 20.000 men were wanted 
to help har\'est the crop. Prom $50 to $6=; 
per month and hoard were offered as pay 
this year, but usually from $30 to $40 Is 
the ordinary price. Of course, this state 
of things exists only for two or three 
months during the busy season. The rail¬ 
way stations are watched and every one 
who gets off the train who Is at all likely 
to want work Is at once besieged by the 
farmers to engage his services. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
‘a square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
HEARTSICK, 
There are a great many people who 
have heart sickness, who have no 
chronic derangement of the heart. 
When the stomach is diseased it may 
affect many other organs, and produce 
all the evidences of diseased heart, dis¬ 
eased liver or kidneys, or disease in 
some other organ. 
The inexperienced 
practitioner treats 
the wrong disease, 
and hence the con¬ 
stant statement of 
Dr. Pierce’s corres¬ 
pondents : ” Doc¬ 
tors could not help 
me.” 
Doctor Pierce’s 
Golden Medical 
Discovery cures 
diseases of the 
stomach and or¬ 
gans of digestion 
and nutrition. It 
increases the as¬ 
similative powers, 
and purifies and 
enriches the blood. 
When diseases of 
organs remote 
from the stomach 
are caused by the 
stomach, the cure 
of the stomach re¬ 
sults in the cure 
of the other dis¬ 
eases, in heart, 
lungs, liver, kid¬ 
neys, etc. 
"Six years ago my stomach and heart troubled 
me so much I had to do something, as the 
doctors could not help me," writes Mrs. S. A. 
Knapp, of San Jose, California, Box 39a. "I 
went to Saa Francisco and had treatment for 
catarrh of the stomach, and was better for 
some time, then it came back. I then used 
Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Discovery and 
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what I suffered before I commenced taking 
your valuable medicine. I recommend it to aU 
the sufferers whom I meet.” 
To cure constipation use Dr. Pierce’s 
Pleasant Pellets. 
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