1901 
669 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
AMERICAN PO MO LOGICAL SOCIETY. 
The Convenfion at Buffalo. 
PART T. 
The convention was opened by an address 
by President C. 1>. Watrous, of Des 
Moines, Iowa. He gave a brief history of 
the Society and spoke of the great progress 
which has been made in 50 years, in meth¬ 
ods of (!onducting meetings, and in ex¬ 
hibits, nomenclature, etc. Since the or- 
ganizailon of the American Pomological 
Society, a great revolution has been made 
by the use of better Implements for the 
culture of fruits, and controlling insect 
pests. Prof. Macoun, of Ottawa, Canada, 
next discussed orchard renovation. He 
said that the best w'ork at the Ottawa Ex- 
lierlment Station has been testing varie¬ 
ties, and finding the ones best adapted to 
our climate. They are also sowing clover 
in their orchards—the common Red clover 
—early in the season; this makes a cover 
croji the Tiext Winter. The following 
Spring, it is plowed under to add humus 
and make plant food for the trees. We are 
now practicing pruning and spraying to a 
greater extent, and with satisfactory re¬ 
sults. He advised spraying trees with 
lime as a protection from Oyster-shell 
bark-louse. 
Prof. Jj. R. Taft, of the Michigan Agri¬ 
cultural College, followed in the discussion 
of the same sribject. He advocated spray¬ 
ing. pruning and fertilizing as the means 
of renov.ating orchards. He recommended 
wood ashes applied to the soil, as a remedy 
for the Woollj'^ aphis. Prof. Corbin applies 
tobacco dust, six feet from the trunk of 
the tree, making a circle, with good effect. 
Prof. Alwood, of Virginia, observed good 
effect from scraping the trees with a hoe 
as far as one can reach, before spraying 
with lime for Oyster-shell bark-louse. 
Prof. Craig, of Cornell University, spoke 
of college extension work. He said the 
amount of farm products has been multi¬ 
plied by 20 in 50 years, and the labor to 
produce it has only been multiplied by four. 
This progress wdll bring the trend of pop¬ 
ulation back to the farm, if we make the 
farm work attractive and interesting. This 
is the work undertaken by the university 
extension college course—to bring educa¬ 
tion and inspiration to the young people 
on the farm who cannot go to the univer¬ 
sity. 'i'he correspondence course in agri¬ 
culture i.s reaching thousands. In four 
years, the people reading the course have 
increased over 25,000. Reading clubs are 
being formed in all parts of the country, 
and the work is made easier in this way. 
Charles W. Garfield, of Michigan, read a 
paper on Quality and the Market. The 
thought of the paper was catering to the 
markets, so as to suit demands of individual 
tastes, learn what the market demands, 
and supply it. Many people are willing to 
pay well, if they can get w'hat they want. 
Fruits are planted, because they are hardy 
and productive, without giving due atten¬ 
tion to quaiity. The consumption of fruit 
could be largely increased, if you can give 
them something that is good to eat. The 
poor fruit remains too long on the table 
of the hotel-keeper, and because more Is 
not eaten, the consumption is not larger. 
Prof. F. A. Waugh, of Vermont, discussed 
the same subject. He said that the main 
qualification by which to judge fruit, is its 
table quality, if you wish to reach a pri¬ 
vate market. The public needs to be edu¬ 
cated to recognize quality. This market 
may be enlai-ged. First we need quality 
in the man. then we can get better fruit. 
Prof. Ij. H. Bailey, of Ithaca, N. Y., gave 
an address on Some Contrasts of the Po¬ 
mology of the Atlantic and the Pacific 
Coasts. He found commercialism in fruit 
growing on the increase on the Pacific 
coast. He found fruit growing newer and 
more provincial, with the idea that theirs 
is the only i-egion in the United States 
adapted to it. The climate of California is 
distinguished by its rainfall. The rainfall 
is conserved by the most thorough system 
of tillage. In one year it is less than 30 
inches. The very large fruits are grown 
only where irrigation is practiced. The 
climate is salubrious for those who are 
(constituted to enjoy it, but to many east¬ 
ern people, it would be too monotonous. 
The man is the most happy who believes 
that the place where he lives is the best 
in the world. There are fewer high-bred 
types of fruits and flowers than in the 
East. Large areas and wholesale methods 
are pi’acticed. If you like the eastern cli¬ 
mate, and especially, if you have small 
means, do not go west. Your opportunities 
are better in the east. Successful growing 
is not so much a matter of soil and cli¬ 
mate, as a matter of men. Fruit growers 
are boiler organized in California, which 
is an advantage in marketing. He can 
control railroad and commission rates. 
Western competition is going to force us 
into special lines of fruit growing. R. R. 
Morrill, of Michigan, spoke of the value of 
dust mulch in the orchard in times of 
drought. The cheapest irrigation is what 
lias been called “horse-leg” irrigation. 
Speaking of renovnting orchards he said 
that the best way is fir.st to renovate the 
men who own them. L. B. Pierce, of Ohio, 
.said that only a small quantity of fruits 
can be marketed at the time when they 
are in best condition for eating. Ripe 
fruit cannot be kept, when ripe, to ship. 
Prof. Webster, of Ohio, concluded the 
afternoon session with a paper on Some 
Experiences in Orchard Spraying and the 
Results. He said that very much depend¬ 
ed on the manner of spraying or applying 
the mixtures. Few men can be hired to 
do the work in a way that gives good re¬ 
sults. A man needs special training for 
the work. In ev’ery instance spraying or¬ 
chards has proved profitable when well 
done. w. h. j. 
REPORTS FROM POTATO GROWERS. 
Potatoes are one-fourth crop; worth 75 
cents. Two months of hot, dry weather 
caused the trouble with the potato crop. 
St. Charles, Minn. r. e. m. 
The crop is is almost an entire failure. 
There is nothing to rot. The early va¬ 
rieties are best so far. The late ones are 
almost nothing. d. r. a. 
Green Valley, Minn. 
Late potatoes are a very light crop, al¬ 
most a failure. Early ones about one-half 
to two-thirds of a crop in our neighborhood. 
Our nearest market is Indianapolis; car¬ 
loads about .$1.05 on track; $1.20 from store; 
retail at $1.40 to $1.G0. w. h. f. 
Greenw'ood, Ind. 
The heavy rains which came in July 
drowned out about one-quarter of the crop. 
I judge the yield will be about 60 per cent 
if the frost holds off 20 days. Potatoes are 
now (September 17) just in blossom. There 
seems to be no rotting at present, e. l. l. 
Bancroft. Mich. 
I cannot give you a definite answer at 
this writing about the late crop, as none 
is dug yet, but the majority of the crop 
.as it stands looks very poor. There is once 
in a while a good piece of potatoes, but 
they are failing to put on many tubers. 
There have been many acres entirely eaten 
up by the bugs. Early potatoes have not 
been a half crop in this section. I should 
not estimate the late crop to be over 50 
bushels to the acre, and a short acreage 
at that. We have not been troubled with 
any rot yet. m. o. f. 
Ada, Mich. 
The potato crop in Jersey Co., Ill., is a 
total failure. We do not know of a farmer 
who has raised enough to serve him until 
next crop. A few have had enough for im¬ 
mediate use, but we have heard numbers 
of them say that they planted more seed 
than they I’aised potatoes. We are at pres¬ 
ent selling Northern stock for $1.60, but 
prices will be lower later, we think. Last 
year farmers had more potatoes than they 
could use, and we had no trouble in buying 
plenty for our trade. Usually we get a car 
from the North. Oats a total failure. Hay 
crop very short. Early planted corn will 
make from five to 20 bushels. Later planted 
will yield 20 to 40 bushels. Blackberries, 
.strawberries and raspberries a small crop. 
Most of them dried on the bushes. Or¬ 
chards are very much damaged by flat- 
headed borers. Peach and apple crops 
good. Extra fine wheat yield, agid all 
grades No. 2. e. 
Grafton, Ill. _____________ 
Cut and Shredded. 
I’ENNSYLVANiA FARMS.— In my idea the 
farm land of Butler and Sugarloaf valleys 
is worth more. Of course, some farms 
are about the same, but take the farm of 
the alive man, and it exceeds 20 years ago 
by at least one-third. The surrounding 
towns are rapidly increasing; consequently 
making a better sale for the product of 
the farm. Farms are in more ready sale 
to-day than 20 years ago. It seems that 
doctors, lawyers, merchants and coal 
operators are taking more interest in them, 
and going back for a country home. 
Drums, Pa. s. R. 
This season has been a very curious one. 
Outs were a failure, and potatoes, the early 
ones, were in the same boat with the oats. 
Late potatoes, like Chas. Downing and 
American Wonder, are looking very fine as 
far as vines go, and I think there will be a. 
f.iir crop. Corn is not as good as usual, 
but will be very good, considering the 
season. Buckwheat is well filled, the 
Japan better than the Little Grey. Apples 
are a light crop. 1 had a postal to-night 
from a firm in Boston that I have shipped 
to, saying that they were selling for $2.50 
to $4 per barrel, but it is not time to pick 
Winter apples yet here. g. w. h. 
Columbia Co., N. Y, 
This has been an ideal Autumn so far, 
with just enough rain to make corn ear 
well; rather dry for potatoes, with no signs 
of frost as yet, September 6. Corn is good; 
Mecosta County never had better. It has 
eared the best I ever saw it. Cutting has 
commenced. Wheat did not turn out as 
well as it promised; the insect did some 
damage and the dry weather in June caused 
some shrunken kernels; oats a failure, 
about one-half crop. Apples one-third crop, 
and nearly all wormy; too w'et to spray last 
Spring. Beans are a good crop; they are 
taking the place of potatoes here. Potatoes 
are about two-thirds of the usual acreage, 
and one-half of them eaten up with bugs. 
We are bugging them yet, something I 
have never done before at this time of year. 
Rye was about three-fourths of usual 
yield; is selling at 50 cents per biushel. 
Mecosta Co., Mich. w. b. 
MARKET NOTES 
DECEPTIVE PACKAGES.—Retai! buy¬ 
ers are often disgusted to find in peach or 
other fruit baskets a false bottom stuffed 
with paper. The ingenuity displayed by 
those who fix up these fake packages is 
remarkable. The Chicago Sealer of Weights 
and Measures is making war on ,these 
frauds, and heavy fines are imposed on 
those found guilty. A favorite scheme is 
to twist a lot of cornucopias of stiff paper, 
into each of which a peach is set, rosiest 
side up, one layer filling a basket which 
should contain twice as many peaches. 
GAME ILLEGAI.LY STORED.—Last 
Spring reference was made to the fact that 
the State Game Warden had seized a large 
riuantity of game held out of season in a 
cold storage house in this city. The case 
is to be tried in October; and. if the full 
penalty allowed by the law should be in¬ 
flicted, the fines would amount to $1,197,000. 
Game laws are of no account unless en¬ 
forced, and certainly wholesale violators 
are not entitled to any more consideration 
than the man who shoots one bird out of 
season. It is to be hoped that this test 
case may clear up matters that have been 
somewhat obscure, and put all who catch 
or handle game on the same basis. 
FRUIT NOTES.—Peaches are very plen¬ 
tiful. Jersey and other nearby stock is 
coming in rapidly, and there is a large 
quantity that are small and inferior. 
Many are half covered with rusty green 
spots, which give them an uninviting ap¬ 
pearance. Some of these sell as low as 25 
cents per 16-quart basket. The western 
peaches that are coming in bushel baskets 
are also inferior. Plums are scarce this 
week. On account of the large receipts of 
under-grade apples, the market for any¬ 
thing except fancy is weak. Watermelons, 
while the best of the season, are selling 
low. as the weather is too cool for any 
great demand. 
INVOLUNTARY FIRE CALI,.—Probably 
one of the strangest false alarms ever sent 
in to the fire department was given re¬ 
cently in the heart of the wholesale grocery 
district in this city. A heavy truck struck 
and upset a post containing a fire alarm 
box. The electrical apparatus being so 
violently stirred up started into business 
at once, and in a short time five fire en¬ 
gines and several hose trucks and hook 
and ladder trucks were on hand. It Is a 
finable offense to send in a false fire 
alarm, but in this case no one seemed to 
be to blame unle.ss perhaps the city au¬ 
thorities for permitting an alarm box to 
be placed where it could be upset by a 
truck. 
EXPORT NOTES.—During the eight 
months ending August .31. 1901, there werii 
shipped from all ports of the United States 
122,.521,206 bushels of wheat, 91,017,144 of 
corn, 22,337,645 of oats, and 12,716,367 barrel.s 
of flour. The total value of all breadstuffs 
exported was $192,860,604, and of other pro¬ 
visions $150,590,779. Gulf and other southern 
ports have been successful in diverting to 
those points considerable of the western 
export wheat formerly shipped from New 
York. During August. 1901, New Orleans 
shipped 500,000 bushels more than New 
York, and Baltimore the surprising quan¬ 
tity of 6,715,174 bushels, more than twice 
New York’s shipments for that period. 
Other ports in order of quantity shipped 
were Galveston, Philadelphia, Boston, Chi¬ 
cago, Newport News, Duluth, and from 
Pacific coast points Willamette and San 
Francisco. 
MARKET TERMS.—A reader wishes an 
explanation of some of the abbreviations 
and technical terms used in market quota¬ 
tions. In speaking of fruit, d.-h. barrel 
means double head, to distinguish it from 
the open or cloth-covered barrel some¬ 
times used. Checks are slightly cracked 
eggs. They are always cheap and, of 
course, have to be used at once. F. o. b. 
means that goods thus quoted are delivered 
free on board the cars or boat or whatever 
means of transportation may be used. 
Thus, if a man buys feed f. o. b. cars Jer¬ 
sey City, he would not have to pay for de¬ 
livery from the mill to Jersey City, but 
would have to meet the freight charges 
from there to his station. I^arge lemons 
run about 300 to the box, and the smaller 
ones .360. Hence the quotations, fancy 300s 
or 360s. The same rule is applied to the 
better grades of pineapples, and thus we 
have 24s, 30s, 36s and 42s, referring to the 
number in the crate. The cheaper pines 
are numbered two, three, four, etc. Ba¬ 
nanas are figured at the number of hands 
to the bunch, seven and eight being com¬ 
mon sizes. The hands refer to the form in 
which they grow on the bunch, the single 
cluster and stem resembling the fingers 
and wrist of a hand. w. w. h. 
When you write advertisers meatlon The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
IT CURES 
IRRECUIARITY 
INFLAMIVIATION 
ULCERATION AND 
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IT MAKES WEAK 
WOMEN STRONG 
SICKWOMEN WELL 
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d(3uble harness and save 25 per cent. 
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I 2-oz. box, 25c. I At all Druggists and 
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