1901 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
671 
SOME SEPARATOR QUESTIONS. 
How much cream (by measure) will a 
separator take from one gallon of new 
milk? What ought the cream to sell for 
when the whole milk sells at six cents per 
quart? How long does it take to separate 
the cream from eight to 10 gallons of milk? 
What sized separator would be required 
for 10 gallons of milk at a milking? What 
would the size required cost, and what 
make would you recommend? t. s. g. 
Wil.sonburg, W. Va. 
The amount of cream will depend up¬ 
on its fat content. We shall have to 
guess, as one has to in most cases where 
questions are so indefinite. Assuming 
that the milk contains four per cent fat, 
and the cream contains 25 per cent fat, 
100 pounds of milk, or 46 quarts, will 
make 16 pounds of cream or about eight 
quarts. Test your whole milk and find 
out how many pounds of fat, then re¬ 
duce it to the desired consistency, and 
measure it. If for butter making, I 
would not run less than 30 per cent fat, 
and even a richer cream is desirable. 
If for commercial purposes then the 
buyer will fix the standard. There are 
no laws controlling the fat content of 
cream; it is simply a question to be set¬ 
tled by the buyer and seller. When four 
per cent milk sells for six cents a quart 
a pound of fat is worth 70 cents, placing 
our figures on a basis of 100 pounds of 
milk, which would be worth at six cents 
a quart ?2.80. If 26 per cent cream is 
made we should have as previously men¬ 
tioned eight quarts, worth $2.80, or 35 
ents a quart. Understand, however, 
that these figures may not represent to 
the owner a full net comparative value, 
because at six cents a quart milk must 
be retailed, and the whole product is 
gone, while in cream the labor of sell¬ 
ing may be reduced and the skim-milk 
remains to offset the expense or separat¬ 
ing and cost of machinery. As a rule, 
the cream trade is a very satisfactory 
one, because the skim-milk can be kept 
at home. 
Hand separators are made to handle 
from 250 to 1,000 pounds of milk per 
hour. The question calls for 190 iwunds. 
The cost of these machines will be 
from $65 to $200, according to size and 
kind. I shall not advise the purchase 
of any make, because several of the 
standard machines work well In the 
hand sizes. My experience has been 
with De Laval, of the power sizes. A 
bit of general advice is all that is wise 
to give in purchasing a separator. Be 
sure that you are guaranteed close 
skimming, as low as .05; that is the 
first essential. Next, get a guarantee 
that 40 per cent cream can be made if 
necessary, and secure close skimming; 
then buy the machine that will cost the 
least money. I do not mean cheap 
goods; get quality always first, but get 
it as cheap as possible. Secure some 
cheap power to turn it if any quantity 
is to be run. See that the machine is 
run according to directions; kept oiled, 
and always well balanced. Much un¬ 
necessary trouble with hand separators 
is from lack of a good foundation; run 
by some one who has no mechanical 
ability trouble follows. Let me add 
that a Babcock test is a necessary ad¬ 
junct to a separator. Know surely what 
the result is at least once a week, and 
if butter is made it will serve a double 
purpose in testing buttermilk. 
H. X. COOK. 
SHREDDED IIS. CUT SILAGE. 
Having had no experience witlh shred¬ 
ded silage, I have no information on 
this subject. I see no reason wny 
shredded fodder should not keep as well 
as the unshredded. I should also sup¬ 
pose that animals would tend to eat 
more of the shredded than of the un¬ 
shredded fodder, since the coarser parts 
of the stalks would be better fined, and 
mixed with the more palatable parts. 
I, P. ROBEKTS. 
CJornell Exp. Station. 
It is only where one has a .shredder 
and is without the cutter that it would 
bo desirable to use It in filling silox. 
Shredded com aJt the right stage ot ma¬ 
turity for filling silos will keep eatis- 
factorily under oi’dinary conditions, but 
not better than when cut in the ordi¬ 
nary way. So far as I have been able 
to learn, the quality of the silage is not 
materially affected by the method of 
cutting. But where the silos are shal¬ 
low, and especially if the corn is a little 
dry, the packing of the silage from the 
shredded corn is not likely to be quite 
as close as when cut short with the 
ordinary silage cutter. Some shredder 
heads which are used on combined ma¬ 
chines simply split the stalks, leaving 
them in quite long pieces, and where 
this is the case cattle do not eat the 
material quite as closely as when cut 
in the ordinary way. Of course more 
power is required to run the shredder 
than the cutter when that is in good 
condition. f. h. kino. 
Wisconsin Exp. Station. 
We have used a shredder in a general 
way at the Indiana Station a great deal 
for about seven years. So far as shred¬ 
ding dry stalks is concerned, the process 
has been entirely satisfactory, and the 
stock has seemed to eat the shredded 
forage more completely than the cut. 
The former is also more easily handled 
in our experience. On two different 
years we filled the silo- witlh shredded 
green corn. One year it was put in a 
square, and another in a round silo. In 
neither case did the silage keep satis¬ 
factorily. Moldy spots were common 
through it, and there was much waste. 
This silage was each year tramped and 
spread uniformly level while filling. Yet 
the loss was too great to be permitted 
in profitable management. I do not 
wish, however, to condemn shredding 
for the silo. Occasionally I have learned 
of persons who Shred, and with great 
success. I do think it, however, most 
desirable to have a silo of considerable 
depth, with very tight or close sides, 
and a minimum exposure to air. I fur¬ 
ther believe, as based on experience, 
that corn cannot be shredded into the 
silo with the success that attends cut¬ 
ting, using like care in storing. The 
shredded will retain much more air than 
the cut, and will not pack so closely ax 
that which is cut. The shredded silage, 
however, should be preferable to the 
cut, if well preserved. As to whether 
there is any difference in the feeding 
value of cut and shredded silage, so far 
as I am aware no experiments have been 
reiwrted in this direction. I should not 
look for any material difference, and do 
not believe there would be. 
C. B. PLUMB. 
FAT HENS AHD EGGS. 
There will probably be some hens that 
will get too fat to lay well fed on a bal¬ 
anced ration, while others will lay well. 
I think one will always find some poor 
or indifferent layers in all fiocks. A hen 
fed entirely on corn until too fat to lay 
would no doubt lay if changed to a bal¬ 
anced ration, but would better be 
starved a little for a few days to make 
her hunt for something to eat, which 
would give exercise, and that is what 
they all need. I think com part of the 
time a good grain for hens even if they 
do get a little fat on it. Who ever saw 
a poor hen lay? Of course some breeds 
put on fat more readily than others. 1 
do not think that it would do to feed 
Light Brahmas all the com they would 
eat, as they would get “lazy” and fat, 
and sit around waiting for more corn. 
An excellent feed for Light Brahmas 
part of the time is wheat in the straw; 
they will hustle around to get the grain, 
and lay right along. Another breed 
that I find takes on fat readily is Plym¬ 
outh Rocks, while White Wyandottes 
will keep in good condition and shell 
out eggs with a feed of lots of corn. The 
Leghorns and Minorcas, with unlimited 
range, could be fed almost wholly on 
corn, and would do well and lay nearly 
all of the time. d. a. mount. 
I have always thought that pullets 
pfoperly eared for and fed on well-bal- 
aneed rations would neually eosamenee 
laying before getting too fat. Yearling 
hens, especially Asiatics, have a ten¬ 
dency to take on fat, but that can be 
eiisily controlled by feeding less hearty 
food. _ J. RANKIN. 
Value of Corn Ears and Stalks. 
1. Will 600 ears of green com fatten hogs 
as well as 600 ripe cured ears? 2. If a 
shock of cornstalks 18 x 18 sells for 10 
cents, can one buy more good corn fertil¬ 
izer for 10 cents than the rotted stalks 
will bring? b. j. n. 
Elmo, Ky. 
1. No. The water in corn has no real 
feeding value, consequently the greener 
it is the less valuable it is compared 
with dry corn. It is the dry matter in 
corn that furnishes nutriment, and this 
dry matter contains protein or muscle¬ 
making or lean meat food, and carbohy¬ 
drates and fat, which so largely assist 
in creating fat in the body. One could 
not tell what the feeding value of the 
600 ears would be, unless chemical an¬ 
alysis was made, or a feeding trial 
made. 2. Just w'hat weight a shock con¬ 
sisting of 18 hills square will be de¬ 
pends altogether on the number of 
stalks per hill, the variety, general rich¬ 
ness of soil, season, etc. In the Middle 
West such a shock would weigh about 
500 pounds, and would contain in the 
form of corn stover about five pounds 
of nitrogen, 1% pound of phosphoric 
acid, and seven pounds of potash. If 
one had to buy this as fertilizer it would 
cost in the vicinity of $1. So you can 
easily see that when one sells Chat 
amount of cornstalks at 10 cents he is 
pursuing a rather expensive policy. He 
would better be a buyer than a seller. 
Of course of 500 pounds of stalks, not 
all of it would find its way back to the 
soil under ordinary conditions, but 
enough of it would to make it important 
to save the stuff rather than sell at such 
a low price. o. s. p. 
Shoies Wanted in Canada. 
On page 685, issue of August 24, in 
notes from Indiana by E. H. C., may 
be read: "Three months ago everyone 
was hunting shotes at from five to six 
cents. A sow and pigs sold at fabulous 
prices. Now the trouble is to find a 
place for shotes. It is quite possible 
that it would be a blessing if every pig 
one has could die before morning. ’ 
Here in central Ontario on September 
6 the condition is just the reverse; 
abundance of feed but a scarcity of pigs. 
Farmers here would be very glad to get 
some of the pigs that Indiana has to 
spare. You would be doing both parties 
a good turn by making the facts more 
widely known, and thus open the way 
for the one to get rid of the shotes he 
does not know what to do with at a 
good price, and for the other to obtain 
the shotes that he needs to convert his 
abundant supply of feed into pork. The 
corn crop here will be extra une. Then, 
too, there is a quantity of barley that 
was damaged by the rain at harvest 
time that must be utilized as feed. 
Light hogs are quoted here at $6.75 per 
100. w. o. I. 
Whitby, Ont. 
Two Good Black Hogs. 
I claim that the Berkshire hog is the 
beist forager in exiistence, feeding on 
almost all kinds of grass and weeds 
that any other animal will eat. He 
is kind in disposition, easily managed, 
fattens rapidly on corn or ground feed 
at any age; grows to the age of two 
to three years, so he can (be fed to 
await the pleasure of seller. Carries 
more loin steak than any other hog 
and more lean ham, as when fat is 
trimmed off outside, the remainder is 
lean, where in the Poland Chinas flesh 
is intermixed with both lean and fat. 
He is the best hog with home cattle. 
For the Poland China, he is very 
docile, needs but little room, requires 
but little fence; fattens at any age, 
and the best hog to keep in small in¬ 
closures; has great digestive powers, 
condensing all kind of food into nice 
marbled pork. They are the two best 
breeds of hogs on this green earth; 
both handsome, uniform in color, 
make and finish, and they give the 
owner a good return for hix feed and 
labor. V. b. howky. 
Topeka, Kan. 
A obronlo, “tearing " Cough, can be so alleviated 
that It will be scarcely felt, while the way Is being 
paved for a perfect cure with Dr. D Jayne's Ex¬ 
pectorant.—Adt- 
Saves 
Money. 
Saves 
Horses. 
Kendall’s Spavin Cure. 
USED FOR 20 YEARS. 
New York, Oct. let, 1900. 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co., Gentlemen;—I have been 
ualns: your Kendall’s Spavin Cure for the last 20 years, 
and have recommended it to my beet friends. 1 think 
it is the best liniment in the market today. My wife 
had rheumatism in the jointa of her hands and knees 
for three years and your Kendall’s Spavin Cure for an¬ 
imals has entirely cured her. C. C. HAUG. 
Thousands of others have had just such ex¬ 
perience. Cures Spavin, Klns^bone, Splint, 
i'lirba and all forma of Lameiioas* Price 
$1; 6 for 85. As a liniment for family use it 
has no equal. Alldnigtrists. Book*‘ATreat* 
lae on the llorso” mailed free. Address 
DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., ENOSBURB FALLS, YT. 
DE LAVAL 
Cream Separators 
which possess the patent 
protected “Alpha” disc and 
“ split-wing” improvements 
Are as Much Superior 
to other Cream Separators 
as such other Separators are 
to Gravity Setting Methods. 
Send for new “20th Century” Catalogue. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO., 
74 Cortlandt St., New York. 
Pays for Itself 
The Nutioniil Hand Cream Separator pays 
for itself by its own savings. The closest 
1 I ■ir'l skimmer, easiest running se- 
I Pit'ator made.The 
^ NATIONAL 
Hand 
Separator 
will bo sent anywhere for a 
ten days trial absolutely free. 
Test it for yourself. 
Write for particulars. 
Katlonal Dairy Ilachin. Co, 
Newark. J. 
That It's a 
SHARPLES 
Cream Separator 
guarantees superiority,to those 
who know, and others should 
write for catalogue No. US 
Very valuablt Irtatitt on “Bxuinttt 
Dairi/ing” free for the aelcing. 
Sharpies Co. P. M. Sharpies, 
Chicago, Ills. Westchester. Ps. 
A DAIRY IS NOT 
COMPLETE 
WITHOUT AN 
IMPROVED 
U. S. 
IsSsEPARATOR 
It stands at the head, 
IS others have to take a 
Jf '^hack seat. 
“ The kind 
that gets all the Cream.” 
Strictly up to date in every 
way. 
We furnish complete out¬ 
fits of Dairy and Creamery 
apparatus. 
lb'} tie for Illustrated Catalogues. 
229 
