686 
October 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
LiveStockandDairy 
VALUE OF PEDIGREED STOCK. 
In 13 years of breeding Jersey cattle 
and Chester White hogs it has paid me 
to have them pedigreed and registered. 
To most intelligent breeders it is an ad¬ 
vantage to know the lines of breeding, 
especially if they wish to rear their 
young stock to replenish the herd, which 
Is assuredly the cheapest and best way 
to procure a profitable working herd at 
the least possible cost. If we have our 
stock registered we can trace them back 
to different blood lines, and know which 
ones have been producers of profitable 
offspring, which is one of the most es¬ 
sential points in breeding. But when 
your stock is not registered, you do not 
know what to expect when breeding, be¬ 
cause you have no direct knowledge of 
their ancestry. 
In breeding, the theory is that “like 
produces like,” or the image of an an¬ 
cestor; then the more noted animals 
you have in a pedigree the more valu¬ 
able the offspring, provided the sire and 
dam are good individuals. All animals 
are sold entirely on their merits as in¬ 
dividuals. If it were possible for two 
animals to be alike in conformation 
then the one with the best pedigree of 
noted ancestry would be the most valu¬ 
able on the market as a breeder. The 
price then would be in accordance to the 
individual or the breeding to back it 
up. As regards the difference of price 
of animals registered or not registered, 
when we first began breeding Jerseys 
in 1888, we had but a few registered 
cows and one sire, and a number of 
grades which were bred to this regis¬ 
tered Jersey bull. The calves that were 
subject to registry I could sell for more 
than twice as much as the calves that 
were not, although they were sired by a 
registered bull. By all means I would 
say, if you wish to breed cattle, keep 
them registered, so you know their an¬ 
cestry, and breed with some intelli¬ 
gence. j. ALDtrS HEKR. 
Lampeter, Pa. 
WHEAT BRAN OR MIDDLINGS. 
Do Cows Need So Much Protein ? 
Part II. 
The herd, during the period of lacta¬ 
tion, which included the Winter’s work 
referred to, gave on an average 7,514 
pounds of milk and 360 pounds of but¬ 
ter. This clearly indicated that an aver¬ 
age of two pounds of protein per day 
during the Winter was ample for cows 
yielding 360 pounds of butter per year. 
Taking the heifers and the cows in the 
herd doing light dairy work, and giving 
the daily protein consumption, and the 
milk and butter yielded during that 
period of lactation, none exceeding a. 
calendar year, we have the following: 
litter. 
330 
332 
305 
296 
233 
314 
301 
This showed that 1.7 pound of protein 
daily was enough to supply the needs 
of cows that yielded on an average 
5,758 pounds of milk and 300 pounds of 
butter per year. This naturally sug¬ 
gested two questions: First, did the 
cows receive more protein than they 
needed? Second, how much protein does 
the average common cow need to do her 
maximum work, both as regards quan¬ 
tity of product and cost of production? 
The work for the Winter of 1900-1 was 
planned to throw light on these points. 
The herd was divided into groups o" 
five cows each, but the results of only 
four groups are published, because In 
two of them normal conditions were dis¬ 
turbed. Group 1 received the amount 
of protein usually prescribed, while 
Protein. 
Milk. 
Beckley . 
.1.68 
5,189 
Belle . 
5, IBs 
Olive . 
.1.67 
6,317 
Quldee . 
.1.85 
7,420 
Reddy . 
.1.69 
3,908 
Trlcksey . 
5,252 
Average .... 
.1.70 
6,758 
Group 5 received corn, barley and oats 
equal parts, with fodder corn and corn 
silage for roughage. The other groups 
were fed intermediate between Groups 
1 and 5. Group 5 returned the largest 
yield of milk, and produced more for 
the food consumed than did any of the 
other groups. The experiment shows 
that with the high protein content in 
the roughage grown on our fertile farm 
lands grains furnish ample protein f >r 
cows doing ordinary dairy work. The 
bulletin referred to gives in detail the 
methods and results upon which these 
surprising conclusions rest. 
To illustrate a point that was brought 
out very clearly in another experiment 
immediately preceding the one com¬ 
mencing on February 11 and ending 
April 21, beginning on November 19 and 
ending February 10, I submit a table 
giving the average weight of the cows, 
the daily protein consumption, the cal¬ 
culated amount of protein needed daily 
for body maintenance, the average 
amount of protein available daily for 
product, the daily average yield of milk, 
its fat content and protein to a pound 
of milk yielded, the figures being the 
average of 84 days’ work when the cows 
gave their maximum yield of milk. 
Protein 
Pro- 
for 
Per 
tein 
pro- 
Milk 
ct 
Name. 
Wgt. 
dally. 
duct. 
yield. 
fat. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
lbs. 
Betty . 
... 870 
1.70 
1.09 
10.03 
6.7 
Dora . 
... 877 
1.87 
1.25 
15.02 
6.1 
Beckley ... 
... 839 
1.63 
1.04 
13.44 
5.6 
Tricksey ... 
... 783 
1.70 
1.19 
16.78 
4.9 
Houston ... 
... 918 
1.98 
1.34 
25.00 
6.6 
Sweet B.... 
...1,063 
2.25 
1.51 
30.81 
4.8 
Olive . 
... 794 
1.63 
1.08 
27.26 
3. 
Topsy . 
...1,170 
2.64 
1.82 
44.39 
3.7 
Lou . 
...1,143 
2.14 
1.34 
38.01 
3.7 
Quidee . 
... 830 
1.90 
1.82 
25.55 
3.5 
Lydia . 
.. .1,048 
. 2.39 
1.66 
32.02 
3.4 
Countess ... 
,...1,169 
2.38 
1.56 
45.27 
2.4 
Average . 
... 970 
2.06 
1.38 
29.85 
3.9 
Betty and Dora are omitted from aver¬ 
age. T. I>. HAECKER. 
HOUSING AND HANDLING HENS. 
Can you give me directions for the in¬ 
terior arrangements of a henhouse to con¬ 
tain 50 to 75 hens? They will have plenty 
of range in Summer, but of course will be 
confined in Winter. h. h. 
French Creek, N. Y. 
What amount of land is necessary for 600 
laying hens? What amount of house room 
will they require for best results? 
Coxsackie, N. Y. h. v. s. 
I judge that H. H. is a farmer, resid¬ 
ing where a northern climate reigns; 
that he wishes his fowls housed com¬ 
fortably and a generous egg yield dur¬ 
ing the season of high prices. To reach 
these ends the shelter must be construct¬ 
ed along the best known lines of true 
economy in time and money. (By “true 
economy” is meant that which pays best 
in the long run.) Our farmers are too 
apt to crowd their henhouses, especially 
ir. Winter, notwithstanding the univer¬ 
sal verdict of experts, that small flocks 
are much more profitable; that from 25 
to 30 fowls in a flock is enough, and 
that each lot should have a separate 
house. 
The 75 fowls kept by H. H. will re¬ 
quire a fioor capacity of about 26x13 
feet; a south front seven and a back five 
feet high. It can be built of 13-foot 
lumber and under one roof cover at each 
end a house (6x13), and in the middle 
their two respective scratching sheds 
(7x13). The expense of thus dividing 
the fiock is but a trifle extra, and the 
health of the fowls and their egg yield 
(other conditions being favorable) will 
be greatly improved. We favor a ground 
floor, as the birds seem healthier there, 
and freer from scabby legs and lice. 
Clovernook’s record is, that this Spring 
we put 16 Plymouth Rocks in an earth 
floor 12x12 house. There they have been 
kept (except on occasional short runs 
at night), and are perfectly healthy, 
showing no signs of lice. Their egg rec¬ 
ord of 80 and 36 eggs per week, without 
a break since April 1 to September 15 
is remarkable for fowls so closely con¬ 
fined and given such slight care. 
For a rat-proof house, the following 
device is highly recommended: Build 
the frame on posts set a few inches 
above the ground, the sills (2x4) spiked 
on after leveling. An inch below its 
upper edge, nail on six or eight-inch 
boards. It is claimed that rats have 
never been known to eat their way un¬ 
der these boards. But one-inch mesh 
wire netting a foot deep nailed to edge 
of sills and run down into the trench 
dug for it, then filled in and the dirt 
packed down firm makes a still better, 
cheaper and more durable defence 
against these and other pests. The en¬ 
tire floor space should be filled in up to 
tops of sills with earth and packed hard, 
the end rooms then covered a few inches 
with sand and the scratching sheds with 
hay, straw or leaves. An inexpensive 
covering and a durable one for roof and 
sides over the boards, is a good grade 
of tar paper. We used a brand known 
as “extra heavy felt” seven years ago, 
and it shows no signs of giving out. The 
end rooms would best be entered from 
the scratching shed, a six-pane window 
on the south end. The droppings board 
should be about a foot from the floor; 
nest boxes underneath and roosts above 
should all be on the north end, where 
the roof is lowest. A lining of stout 
building paper for the inside of these 
end rooms (where boards or plaster are 
deemed too expensive) adds much to 
their warmth. We whitewash over the 
paper. Also add a curtain of matting, 
old carpet or other thick goods fixed 
with rings on a rod to slip across the 
front of roosts on a cold night. 
Board up the back and front of 
scratching Shed, about three feet, and 
from that to the roof inside line with 
cotton cloth to keep out the snow, and 
outside with one-inch mesh wire net¬ 
ting. A good but slightly more expen¬ 
sive method is to tack the cloth on 
frames that on warm, sunny days can 
be taken out, or swung up against the 
roof inside. The entrance to the build¬ 
ing should be on the south siue of the 
center shed. 
If the flock under discussion were 
from 50 to 500 birds, as suggested in 
H. V. S.’s inquiry, would advise dimen¬ 
sions of buildings to be 7x32 feet, using 
16-foot lumber, for each 50 fowls. (Well- 
seasoned hemlock answers very satis¬ 
factorily and is comparatively cheap.) 
A good size for outside yards to connect 
with these houses is 30x130 feet. For a 
straight, egg-yielding plant of 500 fowls 
the colony plan and a good-sized farm 
is undoubtedly the most economical and 
profitable method of poultry keeping. 
That is, portable houses for 25 inmates 
each, and free range. But in our cold 
climate it is difficult to make them 
warm, portable and cheap, and so our 
large plants find stationary buildings 
for all the year most satisfactory. 
F. E. WHEET.ER. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you will get a quick reply and 
“asquare deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
Tuttle’s Elixir 
Cures all species of lame¬ 
ness, curbs, splints, con¬ 
tracted cord, thrush, etc. 
in horses. Equally good 
for internal use in colic, 
distemper, found&r,’pneu¬ 
monia, etc. Satisfaction 
^guaranteed or money 
^refunded. Used arid 
endorsed by Adams Express Company. 
TUTTLE'S FAMILYELIXIR Cures rheumatism, sprains, 
^bruises, etc. Kills bain instantly. Our 100-pago 
book, “Veterinary Exixirience” FREE. 
Dr. S. A. TUTTLE. 30 Beverly St„ Boston, Mus. 
BeTfare of eo-c&Ued Elixirs— cone genolno bat Tattle’s* 
Avoid all blisters j they offer only teifiporary relief If any 
Breeders’ Directory 
JERSEY BULL 
T«»rllng—resristored, from a great show cow; ak 
most faultless, by a producing sire Farmer’s price. 
R. F. SHANNON. 907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
123 HOLSTEINSCr^ 
DELLHURST FARMS. Mentor. Ohio. 
CnD CAI C—holstein-frie- 
I Un wALC SIANS. Two registered Bulls, 
ready for service. Above from best families. Write tor 
breeding and prices. W. W. CHENEY, Manlius.N.Y . 
Holstein-Friesian Bull 
ready for servloe, and a fine lot of Bull Calves. Best 
of breeding, and from deep producing families. 
C. K. RBCOBH, Peterboro, N. T. 
Short-horn and Polled Durham 
Calves, must go. Bulls, f2B..50; Heifers, $18.50; crated, 
:i to 11 mos. SHOEMAKER & CO., Harrodsburg, Ky. 
F or sale—T horoughbred 
HOIiSTKIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE 
of the best families. Also, 30 high-bred Bulls at 
reasonable prices. Write the MAPLES STOCK 
FARM, Binghamton, N. Y., Wm. Boon, Prop 
American Dnroc-Jerseys 
sows, eligible to registry; also a few high-grade 
Shropshire Kam Lambs. Prices reasonable. 
8 . 8. PUCKETT. Lynchburg, Ohio. 
ileg. P. Chinas, Bcrkshires and C. Whites. 
Choice Pigs. 8 weeks old, mated not 
ak'n. Bred Sows and Service Boars. 
POULTRY. Write for hard tlmis 
_ prices and free circular. 
U.-V.MIIj' ON & CO.. Ro.scnwick, Chester Co., Pa. 
It i iss-sg*—50 choice Fall Pigs, pairs not 
11 1111 akin; five boars fit for ser¬ 
vice; sow in farrow. 50 Indian Runner Ducks. 
R. 1). BUTTON & SON. Cottons, N. Y. 
French Coach Horses 
Four Registered French Coach Mares and one Stal¬ 
lion. Prize-winners at one-half value for quick 
sales. B. 8. AKIN, Sciplo, N. Y. 
ANGORA GOATS'*'"'^"® 
circular for stamp. 
stock, low prices. Large 
ED. W. COLE CO.. Kenton, O. 
2000 
FKBBET8. Flrit-olass itook. Bomt 
Trained. New prloe-llst free. 
N. A. KNAPP. Rochester, Lorain Co., 0 
rrnnrTQ— CHOICE stock for sale at all times 
riinnLIu New book sent free. Address 
W. J. WOOD, New London. Ohio. 
Collie Pops 
—Spayed Females. Clrcnlars. SILAS 
DECKER, South Montrose, Pa. 
ML I IjkA on Hem and Ohioks. 
10 LIwO 64-page Book FREE. 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box307, Apponaug, B. I. 
White Wyandottes and White Plymouth Rocks. 
I am now ready to ship pullets and cockerels for 
those who wish to exhibit at shows or to Improve 
their stock by show blood. Prices reasonable for 
quality. WARREN WHITE. 
Normandy Farms. Newton Highlands, Mass. 
WICTOR 
T INCUBATORS 
Hatch every fertile egg. Blmplert, 
molt durable, oheapeii flrii^laM . 
hatcher* Money back if not poiiUvelj ^ 
M repreiented. Cirenlar free; eal^ ^ 
BUJ logo# 6e. GBO* XBTXL CO., HL t 
Polly 
Guar- 
aoteedc 
liiiHighest Endorsement 
is given by agricultural col leges and 
eriiiary surgeons to the KEYSTONE 
Dehorning Knife 
Cuts on four sides at once. Does 
not bruise nor crush. Send for cii^ 
■ culars. Orders with cash shipped 
from Chicago, if desired. 
M. T. PHILLIPS, Pomeroy, Pa. (Successor to A. C. BROSIUS.) 
IT WILL PAY YOU 
to send for our new poultry book de- 
.oriung D/IHDY&CUTTER 
It tells how to Increase the egg y ’ 
The Ihuiily, the easiest turn- ^ 
ing of all bone cutters, is sold. 
direct on 30 days’ trial. Price, if 5 up* 
lluniUome Book Free* 
STRATTON MANFG. CO., 
Box 13, Erie, Pa. 
TWICE AS MANY EGGS 
and twice tlie proflt when hens liave raw cut bone. 
Manx’s Bone Cutter £ 
Open hopper and automatic feed cuts all bones, meat 
and irristle, without waste, eaider and faster than any 
othertype,orseDditback. 10 DAYS TRIAL FREE^ 
no money in advance. Free catalog explains all. 
We also manufacture Clover Cnttera, Feed Trays, 
Corn Shfllers, Granite Crystal Grit. Etc. 
F. W. MANN CO., Box 15, MILFORD, MASS 
NO SPAVINS 
Tho worst possible spavin can bo cured in 
45 minutes. Curbs, splints and ringbones 
just as quick. Not painful aud never has 
failed. Detailed information about tins 
new metliod sent free to horse owners. 
Write today. Ask for pamphlet No. 34. 
FLEMING BROS,, Union Stock Yards.Chicago, III, 
Humphrey Green Bone and Vegetable Cutter, 
truaraiitetd to run easier and make better feed than any other or your money 
back. Hiiiid«Aoino Poultry Hook uiid Kirtr Heoord Blanks tree. 
HUMPHREY & SONS, BOX 39, JOLIET, ILLINOIS. 
