1901 
7oi 
BOOK BULLETIN 
FOR SALE BY THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
How TO Know the Wild Flowers, by 
Mrs. W. S. Dana; 346 pages; 110 illustra¬ 
tions; and 48 full-page colored plates. Can 
be used to advantage by those who have 
no knowledge of technical botanical names. 
A large number of wild flowers are de¬ 
scribed and Illustrated so as to be identi¬ 
fied easily. This book will add a decided 
pleasure to country life, in teaching one 
where to look for many of these beautiful 
but uncultivated flowers, which hide away 
and escape the notice of most people. 
Price $2. 
Cut-price Books.— Any of these 20-cent 
pamphlets sent postpaid for 10 cents: 
Fruit Packages. 
Memory Training. 
Country Roads. 
Fertilizer Farming. 
Chemicals and Clover. 
My Handkerchief Garden. 
Canning and Preserving. 
How to Cook Cauliflower. 
Milk Making and Marketing. 
Tuberous Begonias. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
409 Pearl St., New York. 
MARKET NOTES 
AN ARTISTIC FISH MAN.—His shop is 
near the Fulton Fish Market, and he has 
a show window usually well filled with 
fishy decorations. During the yacht races 
he added extra ornaments. Eel, cod, had¬ 
dock, salmon and flounder patriotically 
carried little flags and yachting ensigns 
mounted on sticks. In the center of the 
window was a platter, the edge of which 
was fringed with alternate rows of shrimps 
and scallops, while lengthwise in letters 
made of minnows an inch long was the 
name of the yacht which he hoped would 
win. 
COTTON NEWS.—The crop reports are 
not favorable, yet there is no prospect that 
the extreme prices of last year will be 
duplicated this season. At present specu¬ 
lators are doing but little, and European 
spinners appear to be taking only just 
enough for current needs. Many con¬ 
sumers have an idea that the planters will 
have to come to their terms anyway, yet 
conditions in the South are much more 
favorable than for a long time, and man> 
growers who formerly had to sell at once 
are now able to hold their crop for some 
time if desired. The first killing frost is 
a feature that always stirs up the cotton 
market, and is usually expected in the 
cotton belt about the last of October. If 
it should come sooner, so as to cut any 
large quantity of the late crop, buyers 
would at once become active, and prices 
would advance at least temporarily. 
CHANCE FOR COUNTRY BUYER.-A 
correspondent in Onondaga County. N. Y., 
says: 
■'I would like to act as buyer for a re-• 
sponsible concern in the city that desires 
a representative in the country to buy to¬ 
bacco, apples, cabbages, potatoes, etc., by 
the carload, on commission; they to fur¬ 
nish the money. I could give bond for any 
amount Intrusted to me.” 
Many city produce dealers could use such 
an agent to advantage, but he would not 
be able to maae any definite arrangements 
in these lines until he had shown himself 
to be a competent buyer, that is, well ac¬ 
quainted with qualities and values of the 
stuff he is to handle, and with that peculiar 
sort of tact so necessary in dealing with 
those from whom he buys. This does not 
mean that he should always get the ‘‘best 
of the bargain” or ever resort to the sharp 
methods which make it unsafe for him to 
try to buy twice from the same man. If 
he expects to continue in business, he cer¬ 
tainly must deal fairly. There is only now 
and then a man who has the natural quali¬ 
ties to make a perpianent success of this 
business of going about the country and 
buying produce. Many of the people he 
will meet have most unreasonable ideas of 
the value of what they have to sell, and 
he must know how to stand his own ground 
and yet avoid giving offense. There are 
men of this stamp who have worked up an 
excellent business of this sort, and they 
are of decided service in a farming .section. 
fruit notes.—T he season for peaches 
is drawing to a close, though the later 
varieties, such as Late Crawford and .Mor¬ 
ris White are now at their best. Many of 
the street fruit peddlers are selling Cali¬ 
fornia peaches. These are practically in¬ 
destructible, and not likely to suffer from 
handling or to spoil on the vendor’s hands. 
He dusts off their woolly rinds several 
times a day with a whisk broom, and ar¬ 
ranges them on his cart fairest side up. 
They look fine, but are spongy and taste¬ 
less, and it is difficult to see how anyone 
would care to buy them the second time. 
Giapes are plentiful and selling well. 
THE RURAL NEVV-YORKER. 
though at somewhat reduced prices. Ni¬ 
agara and Delaware retail at 15 cents for 
tour-pound baskets. Concord goes a little 
below this, although comparatively few 
<'oncords are sold in small baskets, while 
Salem brings 20 cents. Salem is a variety 
not well known. It is not grown to any 
great extent, as it mildews badly in some 
sections, and this scarcity is probably the 
chief reason for the high price. The berries 
are large reddish-brown; pulp separates 
readily from seeds; and flavor is decidedly 
peculiar. Plums are scarce. Most that T 
have noticed recently have been of prime 
quality and brought high prices. A large 
quantity of the apples coming in at pre.s- 
ent are of undesirable kinds, which sell at 
irregular prices. There are still plenty of 
the western-grown muskmelons, which sell 
for $1.50 to $2.25 per bushel crate. Receipts 
of cranberries have been in excess of the 
needs of the trade, and dealers are hoping 
for cooler weather, which always stimu¬ 
lates the demand for this fruit. 
w. w. H. 
PACIFIC SLOPE FRUIT GROWING. 
In Southern California. 
Orange culture is of greater Importance 
in this part of southern California (Red¬ 
lands, Highlands, Riverside) than any 
other horticultural Industry. The trees 
yield abundantly, and the quality of the 
fruit is of the finest. There are few dis¬ 
eases. The most destructive insect, the 
White or Cottony cushion-scale, threatened 
a. few years ago to become a serious if not 
a fatal enemy. This scale is now, however, 
under complete control of a parasite im¬ 
ported from Australia. Owing to the dry 
air. Summer heat, and absence of fogs, the 
other insects, such as Red, Black, Purple 
and Brown scales are easily kept under 
subjection. At certain intervals officers 
employed by the county go through the 
orchards and destroy, at the owner’s ex¬ 
pense, such scale as may be found. ’Fhe 
tent and gas treatment is the method em¬ 
ployed; appliances furnished by the county. 
Most of the orchards are held by small 
owners: five, 10, 15 and 20 acres each. A 
few growers have 100 acres or more. A 
number of orchards are owned by non¬ 
residents. In many cases the small or- 
chardlst does all his work of irrigating, 
cultivating, pruning, etc.; others are en¬ 
gaged in business in town and employ a 
man to do such work. I.arge orchardists 
have a superintendent or foreman, who 
employs the necessary help. Non-residents 
place their groves in the hands of men who 
make a business of such work. One man 
may have 30 to 60 acres under his care. 
Redlands, Cal. b. r. s. 
As Done in Oregon. 
Vci-y little grafting has been done on a 
l;irge .scale In this section. Generally some 
person in the community has the ’’knack” 
of making grafts grow, and gets the work 
of the neighborhood. Of spraying we arc 
past masters. About 10 years ago some 
enterprising Californians made a thorough 
introduction of San Jos6 scale all through 
Oregon and Washington on nursery stock, 
and we have been vainly trying to ex¬ 
terminate it ever since. It can be kept in 
check, and almost exterminated, but not 
quite. Salt, sulphur and lime are most 
generally used as a spray, and a most 
vile compound it is. Two pounds of ma¬ 
terial to three or four gallons of water is 
the strength, and to the person using it 
the wonder is that any scale escape, for 
with that strength it is very corro.sive, 
eating the hands wherever they are kept 
moist by handling the rods. I don’t know 
of a single orchard where the scale has 
become well established that has success¬ 
fully got rid of it. The State has very 
stringent laws against selling any fruit in¬ 
fested with scale, and as it is almost im¬ 
possible to keep some very slightly infested 
fruit from being packed, and as the com¬ 
mission man will claim that the whole lot 
is condemned and a total loss, it makes 
the grower hesitate to ship from such or¬ 
chards. This scale first came into notice 
in California, but has long since ceased to 
be the terror it once was. as some natural 
enemy has kept it in check there for a 
number of years, and this enemy is fol¬ 
lowing it up in its new haunts. A grower 
in Jackson County, Oregon, writes me that 
the scale has entirely left his orchard of 
160 acres, that was once badly Infested. 
Every man owning an orchard of any 
size has a spraying outfit of his own. and 
I don’t know of a single instance of an 
outfit spraying orchards by contract, ex¬ 
cept in town, where an ownei- will have 
only a few trees. A good outfit for spray¬ 
ing consists of a 30n-gallon tank on a low- 
down broad-tired wagon, and two leads of 
hose, 20 feet long, and a good strong pump 
made almost entirely of brass, all metal 
valves. Such an outfit will cost $125. One 
grower has a small gasoline engine to do 
his pumping, and four leads of hose, and 
sprays 1,200 trees a day. He claims the 
gasoline engine was the best investment 
he ever made, and as a result of eight 
sprayings for Codling moth his orchard 
turned out 98 per cent of apples free from 
worms, and he is now getting $1 per box 
f. o. b. for apples in the greatest apple 
year we ever had. He recently shipped 15 
carloads in one day to England. Pruning 
is done very much as spraying, the owner 
superintending the work. Almost any per¬ 
son of average Intelligence can do the work 
with a little practice. The expert travel 
ing through the country is to be avoided, 
because he generally has a theory about 
pruning, and I never knew it to work in 
practice. One damaged me $1,000 or more 
in one season. s. d. e. 
Cleveland, Ore.. 
THE MICHIGAN STATE FAIR. 
Our first State fair was held in Detroit 
52 years ago, in what is now Grand Circus 
Park, just a short distance north of the 
present business center of the city. This 
year’s fair, the record-breaker of the en 
tire series, was held in Pontiac September 
23 to 27 Inclusive. A veteran fair-goer re 
marked at Pontiac that the farm ma¬ 
chinery on an ordinary farm nowadays, 
exceeded the entire exhibit in that line at 
the first State fair. The exhibits in every 
line were full to repletion, and doubtless 
exceeded those of any other fair in the 
history of the State. Space forbids any 
detailed account, but some exhibits, and 
notably that of western Canada, deserve 
special mention. This consisted chiefly of 
grain and forage grasses, very extensive 
as to proportions and beautifully arranged, 
showing up to fine advantage the wonder¬ 
ful resources of that country. 
Our State experiment sub-station at 
Chatham. LTpper Peninsula, although but 
two years of age, is an exceedingly lusty 
infant. Between 40 and 50 varieties of 
fruits, vegetables, grains and forage 
grasses, as fine as the earth produces, were 
exhibited from there, fully demonstrating 
that the Upper Peninsula has a great agri¬ 
cultural as well as mining future before it. 
Alpena County carried off the honors in 
county exhibits, and this was a matter of 
no little personal interest. In 1874 I made 
a business trip to Alpena, then a hole 
scooped out of the vast pine forests sur¬ 
rounding Thunder Bay, and reaching back 
westward ‘‘to be continued.” Said hole in 
the pine woods consisted of sand, sawdust 
and about 3,000 inhabitants, without, so far 
as I could learn, a cleared farm in the en¬ 
tire county. There was lumber and 
lumber, and nothing else. During my 
visit there a load of turnips was hauled 
into town, which created as much excite¬ 
ment as a circus, and enquiring the cause 
of all this ado, I learned that that load of 
turnips was the first load of home-grown 
produce ever brought into Alpena. In 1901 
the county came down to the annual tour¬ 
nament with her fruits, grains and vege¬ 
tables and captured all first premiums on 
county exhibits in these classes. With an 
ideal climate, and soil producing such 
fruits, grains and vegetables, with good 
roads and home maikets and plenty of 
land at from $2 to $5 per acre, it would 
seem that many of the tired city dwellers 
might find a haven of rest. 
The thought indelibly impressed upon 
the mind of the careful observer at the 
Fair is that agriculture is the foundation 
upon which rests all other human indus¬ 
tries, and that the farmer’s brains are the 
motive power that keeps all other parts of 
the machinery in motion. Another thought 
also comes; that while these great State 
fairs are the educators of the comparative 
few. the local fairs are the training schools 
for the many. Boom the local fairs! 
_j. E. MORSE. 
Germs of Typhoid Fever. 
Typhoid fever, though such a wide 
spread prevalent disease, would appear t 
be one of the most readily preventable c 
infectious diseases were the method of it 
propagation and the means for counteract 
ing it generally understood and practlcec 
The germs that are the sole cause of th 
disease are taken in by the way of th 
mouth, sometimes perhaps with the food 
but more commonly in the drinking watei 
or in milk that has been contaminated b 
infected water. These germs multlpl 
enormously in the system, and are dis 
charged mostly in the evacuations. Fror 
a con.slderatlon of this simple fact it wil 
be evident that if the thorough dlsinfectioi 
of all the discharges of typhold-fewe 
patients was strictly attended to the dis 
ea.se might be verv greatly limited, if no 
quite stamped out. Those unacqualntei 
with the history of the disease are apt t 
think that the safest way to dispose of th 
discharges is to dig a hole in the garden 
or somewhere outside, and burv them 
while the truth is that it is really the wors 
way possible, with one exception, nam^y 
putting them in the well, because thes' 
germs when so buried retain their vitallL 
for a long time, and so may gradually b’ 
Iiorcolation through the soil get into th' 
well. All the discharges should he disinfeefa 
irillwut delag. As good a way as any is t( 
use a solution containing 80 grains of cor 
roslve sublimate, and four times that mud 
of blue stone to the gallon of water. B’ 
adding’ a cupful, say. of this mixture to th] 
discharges and allowing them to stand fo 
a couple of hours before being emptied al 
danger from this source may be prevented 
The length of time these germs, when no 
retain their power to d< 
mls^ief and the distance they may trave 
in the soil are well-nigh Incredible. 
w. o. ■. 
SUNNY WOMEN. 
Who has not known the woman whose 
disposition is described by that one word 
sunny?” There’s always a laugh lurk¬ 
ing on her lips. Her cheeks are ever 
ready to dimple in smiles. Her house¬ 
hold influence is as brightening and 
stimulating as the sunshine. Nothing 
can be crueler than to have this sunshine 
blotted out by disease. But this is a 
common cruelty. The young wife who 
was the sunshine of the home becomes 
its shadow. Every young wife should 
know the value of Dr. Pierce’s Eavorite 
Prescription in the protection and pres¬ 
ervation of the health. It promotes 
regularity, dries the drains which enfee¬ 
ble body and mind, and cures inflamma¬ 
tion, ulceration and female weakness. 
It nourishes the nervous system and 
gives to the body the balance and buoy¬ 
ancy of perfect health. It is a strictly 
temperance medicine. 
"I can say that your medicine cured me," 
writes Mrs. Maud Pearce, of Stoutsville, Fair- 
field Co., Ohio. ”I had suffered about twelve 
years from female weakness and I had almost 
given up, thinking there was no cure for me. 
Then I heard about Dr. Pierce’s medicine and 
thought I would try it, and can say that seven 
bottles of your ‘ Favorite Prescri])tion ’ made me 
well. I am now able to do my own hou.sework. 
I took_about twelve bottles in all of Dr. Pierce’s 
medicines. Took some of the ‘ Golden Medical 
Discovery,’ ‘ Favorite Prescription ’ and some ot 
the ‘ Pleasant Pellets.’ ” 
Dr. Pierce’s Pellets cure constipation. 
BEFORE BUYING 
A NEW HARNESS alogue glv- 
Ing full de¬ 
scription and prices of all kinds of single and 
double harness and save 25 per cent. 
King Harness Co. 510 Church St., Owego.N.Y. 
BOYS foKS 
complete with cover, elbow, pipe and damper. 
Kettle is polished and smooth. Jacket made of 
heavy steel. Bums any kind of fuel. Fluesdis* 
tribute heat all over. Hoilj- bOKallons in 20 min¬ 
utes, cooks anything. Handy for butcherlnfi'and 
a hundred other ihin^ on the farm. Other sizes, 
18 to 75 Kals., at retiuced prices. Send for large 
free Oalnloggiving prices on 15,000 articles. 
Marvin Smith Co., SS-59 N. Jefferson Si., Chicago, Ills. 
WHY GUESS? 
WIIKN YOU CAN BUY 
WAGOISJ SCALES. 
Koit SO i.rrri.E fro.m 
JONES (HE BAYS THE EKEIGHT). 
BINGHAMTON. N. Y. 
WROUGHT IRON PIPE 
condltloiif Tised iliort tliU6 3>ii]y; new thread* 
i(Ad coupllngB; for Steam, Gas or Water-, wlzes from K 
to 18 Inch diameter. Our price per foot on V inch la 
So I on 1 inch S>^c. Write for free catalogue x7o. 57 
CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.. 
In time of need — for Granulated 
Scratches or Grease Heel, just develop¬ 
ing or in the chronic state—turn to 
Veterinary Pixine. 
It absorbs inflammation, penetrates to 
the bottom of sore, stimulates and builds 
up new cellular tissues, counteracts ef¬ 
fects of impure blood softens the fissures 
and sloughs off proud flesh. It is the most 
natui-al, scientific and vital healing oint¬ 
ment made. Money back if it fails to 
enre any sore, case of speed cracks or skin 
disease no matter how aggravated, what 
the cause or how long standing. 
It is an antiseptic, soothing ointment 
of marvelous penetrating healing power. 
2 oz., 25c.; 8 oz., 50c.; 5-lb. pkge., f4. 
At all druggists and dealers or sent prepaid. 
Money back if It falls. 
TROY CHEMICAL 00., TROY, H. Y. 
