782 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
NoToaabtr 16 
DAIRY AND FARM NOTES. 
The Breeds of Dairy CatHe. 
Beep Cows. —Another point which the 
larger breeds possess to their advan¬ 
tage; in case of accident to the udder, 
partially or wholly destroying their use¬ 
fulness in the dairy, they have a value 
on the block. I am not advocating the 
impossibility of an animal capable of 
large milk returns and a fancy beef pos¬ 
sibility at the close of a milk-making 
career, but I would prefer a cow weigh¬ 
ing in her milk-making form from 1,000 
to 1,100 pounds. I think breeders have 
come to recognize that profit lies in the 
medium animal. We all know that 
some phenomenal producers have been 
both undersized and very large. But 
when we study the everyday working 
power of large herds we see at once that 
it is the medium cow with strong con¬ 
stitution and good digestion that stands 
up under hard work. It would seem 
that the previous explanation of neither 
overfeeding, producing rapid and exces¬ 
sive growth, overtaxing the digestion, 
or scanty food supply resulting in a 
weak assimilative power, would give us 
sufficient reason why these medium¬ 
sized animals are the profitable ones. 
Their digestion and constitution are not 
impaired by the extremes of feeding. 
Cow Records. —I speak particularly 
of the dairy breeds, whose life of useful¬ 
ness should be not less than 10 years. 
The beefy steer does not need to feed 
longer than three years, and like the 
race horse, his energy is given over to 
short periods. We have an easy ex¬ 
planation of uterine and digestive weak¬ 
ness so common to animals that have 
been pampered. As an opposite one can 
go into sections where animals have, 
Topsy-like, “growed up” with plenty of 
run and pasture grass, coming on the 
stage of usefulness with a rugged consti¬ 
tution, from which, with a purebred 
sire of pronounced prepotency, have 
come animals with the milking habit 
and a constitution to back it up. A cow 
having only an ability to make a week¬ 
ly record is about as worthless to a 
farmer who makes his bread and butter 
from her, as a two-minute raced would 
be to plow his fields. It is the ability 
to wear that counts in the scale of pro¬ 
fit. The first cost of rearing an animal 
up to a two-year-old form, at which age 
they begin to pay their way, is no great¬ 
er for one capable of milking 10 years 
than for one that, through lack of vital 
force, has one or more of the thousand 
troubles that end their profitable use¬ 
fulness at half that age. Two men are 
subjected to similar conditions of living 
and labor. One of them catches cold, 
has indigestion, which means a bad 
temper; troubles are magnified or rath¬ 
er often manufactured. The other has 
apparently no trouble; by reason of a 
vigorous constitution he is able to van¬ 
quish trouble and foe without even rec¬ 
ognizing the encounter. All other 
things being equal, which man has the 
greater chance to succeed? It seems to 
me therefore that the larger cows offer 
greater profit to a large class of milk 
producers who are not, year in and out, 
making butter or selling cream. This 
statement does not mean that the Chan¬ 
nel Islands cows are not possessed of 
constitution, but the weakness of the 
Can You » 
do a little pleasant and profitable work 
for us in yo\ir own town? No experience 
necessary. We will explain just what 
you have to do. The work will be light, 
and we will arrange for the lime you 
shall be able to give to it. We can give 
you work for all your lime or just for 
your spare time. Write for full par¬ 
ticulars. THE RURAL NttW-YORKER. 
New York. 
young thing demands a more careful 
rearing, and when we find tnese cows 
being reared under these untoward con¬ 
ditions and environments we find a 
weakness developing, and a sweeping 
assertion that they are not hardy, this 
careless statement being disproved by 
breeders the country over. 
Home-Bred Cows. —I am unable to 
get statistics showing to what extent or 
rather what proportion of farmers buy 
their milking cows. I know New York, 
New Jersey and New England are using 
at least 25 per cent of their stock not 
reared by the farmers who milk them. 
Under the present system these cows 
are milked for a brief period and dis¬ 
posed of to the local butcher or dealer, 
at 75 per cent of first cost, if well fed 
and “slippery,” a term usually applied 
to such beef. Another reason for the 
larger cow. But a very small per cent 
of the people who buy milk in our large 
cities is willing to pay for five or six- 
per-cent milk. They do not, on the other 
hand, want skim-milk, either skimmed 
by man or the cow. The average per 
cent of fat as determined by Dr. Van 
Slyke in his elaborate series of tests 
several years ago among cheese factories 
in this State was 3.8 per cent. I am in¬ 
clined to think that this quality about 
fairly represents the milk of New York 
State aside from those sections like 
Delaware County, where the Channel 
Islands cows predominate. Milk of this 
quality is well balanced and satisfactory 
as a human food. The Holstein cow has 
an especial value, in her power to eat 
and assimilate large quantities of coarse 
bulky food. Bred for 2,000 years and 
fed mainly upon bulky food, she has 
splendid assimilation, and I do believe 
that the profitable cow of the future will 
be one that can consume larger quan¬ 
tities of roughage and turn it to a pro¬ 
fit. Our eastern iwpulation is yearly be¬ 
coming more and more suburban in its 
makeup. Local and near-by markets 
call for a variety of foods and products, 
many of them leaving a by-product 
nearly worthless as a market crop. The 
cow that can step into the breach and 
turn this roughage into money and at 
a profit without a heavy feeding of con¬ 
centrates has a peculiar value. 
The Model Dairy. —Has the careful 
work done at Buffalo established any 
breed possibilities? Vwubtful! There 
may be one exception, however; the Red 
Polls have demonstrated their value, so 
far as these five animals are concerned, 
that they are profitable dairy cows and 
are as near a dual-purpose cow as one 
could find. So far as the older and es¬ 
tablished milking breeds are concerned 
it has proven nothing, in my mind, be¬ 
yond a comparison of the individuals in 
the test. The work done has a value, 
and a permanent value, to dairymen. 
First and most important, in my judg¬ 
ment, is the education of attention to 
every detail of feeding and testing; 
knowing sure that results are profitable 
or otherwise, and a method for doing it. 
No one will expect such an array of 
method and labor on a 50-cow farm. It 
would take a pound for butter instead 
of 25 cents to foot the bill. Every dairy¬ 
man can, however, with small expense 
of labor and equipment, approximate 
these results and foot up at the close of 
each fiscal year either a profit or loss 
with some known causes. Everyone 
who has studied the weekly figures, or 
personally inspected the workings, 
should have some lesson drawn and ap¬ 
plied to his own business. The lessons 
applied are the only ones of value. The 
one mentioned above seems to strike me 
where I am weak, and hence the strong 
impression left of value. The plans are 
already perfected for carrying out on 
our own faims, imperfectly of course, 
as compared to the Pan-American sys¬ 
tem, a more perfect system and method 
of accounting. H. e. cook. 
BEST FEED FOR STEERS. 
Will you Inform me as to the proper 
grain feed for two-year-old steers, when 
fed on Timothy and clover hay? I shall 
have to buy grain. r. e. l. 
Rochester Junction, N. Y. 
A mixture of three parts corn-and-cob 
meal, and one part each of ground oats, 
bran and oil meal makes a good grain 
ration for steers. If any change were 
to be recommended in this it would be 
to increase the proportion of cornmeal 
in the later stage of fattening. One can 
leave out some of the above grains, but 
good feeders will probably give good 
enough returns to justify the expendi¬ 
ture, and cattle usually grow faster and 
do better on a variety of grains than 
on only one sort. If you have access to 
hominy feed, and it is cheaper than 
cornmeal, it can probably be substituted 
for it with entire satisfaction. The bran 
is desirable on account of its laxative 
and cooling effect, while the oil meal 
helps produce a silky coat of hair and 
a mellow skin. If I were to leave out 
any of the above it would perhaps be 
the oats. If you have plenty of clover 
hay, feed it entirely instead of Timothy. 
Further, you will make money and prac¬ 
tice good farming, if you sell Timothy 
and buy clover with the money, for 
while a ton of the former brings more 
money in the market than does a ton of 
the latter, as cattle food there is no bet¬ 
ter roughage for steers than good clover 
hay; besides, it contains a considerable 
amount of fertility which will go back 
to the soil. Timothy is not the best sort 
of hay for cattle, unless very fine and 
leafy and well cured. c. s. plumb. 
If you find a cold creepluR on, keep a bottle of Dr. 
D. Jayne’s Expectorant near at hand, and take a 
little dose occasionally. It will relieve at once, and 
soon brinK about a cure.—Adu. 
A Lame Horse 
is neither valuable for use 
or sale. It is better not to 
have a lame horse. 
t Tuttle’s Elixir 
cures permanently all forms of lameness, curbs, 
splints, sprains, thrusli, &c. Equally good for 
internal use for colic, founder, pneumonia, dis¬ 
temper. &c. Ouaranteed to cure. 
Jk C M ^ AAA A A ^ C m no rt V 
Tuttle’s Family Elixir 
Kills pain instantly. Our 100-page book, “Vet¬ 
erinary Experience’ ’ FREE. 
Dr. S. A TUTTLE, 30 Beverly Sf., Boston, Mass. 
liewnre of so-called Elixirs—non© genuine but Tnttle’t. 
Avoid all blisters; they offer only temporary relief If any. 
Breeders’ Directory 
QaIa—A yrshire Bull Cock-a-Bendle 686t, 
llir wQIC sire Napoleon of Auchenbraln, im¬ 
ported; grandsire Glencairn III., Imported. Also a 
few bull calves. Oliver Smith & Son, Chateaugay,N.Y 
JERSEY BULL 
Yearling—registered, from a great show cow; al¬ 
most faultless, by a prodiic ng sire. Farmer's price. 
R. F. SHANNON', it07 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
ST. LAM BERT and Combination. For sale 7 Cows. 
14 Heifers, 2.5 Bulls. 8 K. NIVIN, Landenburg, Pa. 
123 HOLSTEINSrifi^ 
DELLHCRST FARMS. Mentor. Ohio. 
Holstein-Frieslan Bull 
ready for servioe, and a fine lot of Bull Calves. Best 
of breeding, and from deep producing families. 
C. K. BKCORD, Peterboro, N. T. 
F or sale—T horoughbred 
HOLSTEIN-FKIK.SI.‘\N CATTLE 
of the best families. A so. oO high-bred Bulls at 
reasonable prices Write the MAPIjBS STOCK 
f'AKM, Binghamton, N. Y., WM. UooD. prop. 
For Sale' 
PUREBRED HOLSTE1N-FRIE8IAN8 
from best families. Two registered 
bulls ready for service and bull calves. Also have 
purebred BERKSHIRE SWINE and SCOTCH 
COLLIE PUPS at low figures. Write for breeding 
and prices. W. \V. CUKNF-V, Manlius, N. V. 
A YR8UIRES, Oxford sheep and Cheshlres for sale 
^ Bull calf two weeks, heifer calves two weeks and 
six months, young boars, fit for service. Bows ready 
to breed, pigs In pairs not akin. Ram and ewe lambs, 
olderewes. All stock eligible to registry. Reasonable 
prices. Stock fine. HOMKU J. BROWN, Harford, 
Cortland County, N. Y. 
ikg. h Ciliuas, Bcrksnires and C. Wiiiles. 
Choice I’lgs, 8 weeks old, mated not 
akin. Bred Sows and Bervice Boars. 
I’OULTRY. Write for hard tlnise 
prices and free circular. 
HAMILTON & CO., Roseuwick, Chester Co., Pa. 
rrnnrTO —choice stock for sale at all times 
runnilld New book sent free. Address 
W. J. WOOD, New London, Ohio. 
Onnn ferrets. Flrst-cIass stock. Some 
tUUU Trained New Price-list free. 
N. A. KNAPP. Rochester, l.orain Co., O. 
■ HQUMA a Delaine Bucks, guod 
AliUUIlll QUH I W stock, low prices. Large 
circular for stamp ED. W. COLE CO.. Kenton, O. 
SHRORSHIFtES. 
A few yearling Rams left; they are bargains to 
quick buyers. Also in lamb Ewes at reasonable prices 
J. C. DUNCAN, Wawanund Farm, Lewiston, N. T. 
Collie Pups 
—Spayed Females. Circulars. 
DECKER, South Montrose, Pa. 
SILAS 
—Choice W. Wyan., P. Rocks, Brah¬ 
mas, Cochins, Leghorns, from prize- 
winning stock. 23 varieties of land 
and water fowls. Satisfaction guaranteed. Big cat¬ 
alogue free. Pine Tree Farm, BoxT, Jamesburg.N.J. 
B rooke meadow farm has for 
sale a few trios of Buff Plymouth Becks and 
Indian Runner Ducks at $5 per trio. 
JOHN H. JANNKY, Brighton, Md 
M ammoth Bronze Turkeys, with one- 
elghth wild blood, for sale. 
Choice young toms, - - $3 00 
Choice young hens, - - - $1.75 
Address H. M. PADDOCK, Freehold, Greene CO..N.Y 
BEFORE BUYING 
A NEW HARNESS aiogue glv- 
lug full de¬ 
scription and prices of all kinds of single and 
double harness and save 25 per cent. 
King Harness Co. 510 Church St., Owego.N.Y. 
eath to Lice 
D 
on HENS and CHICKS. 
64-page book FREE. 
J. LAMBERT, Box 307, Apponaug, R. I. 
LUMP JAW 
Easily and thoroughly cured. < 
blew, common-sense method, < 
not e^ensive. No core, no^ 
pay# FREE. A practical. Ill-i 
ustrated treatise on theabBO-’ 
lute cure of Lump Jaw, free to ‘ 
readersof this paper. 
Fleming chemists. 
Union 8U>ek lardB, Chicago, r 
IFirSA'BAHNER” 
It’sthe Best Root Cutter, 
for it’s the only one which cuts all 
kinds of roots into fine palatable, 
non-chokenble food, taking out all 
dirt, gravel, etc. We make them in 
sevensizesforhandand power.They 
will help out wonderfully in this 
season of short feed. Write for free 
catalogue. W> are the largest root 
cutler makers in the world. 
O. E. Thompson & Sons, YpsIlantI, Mich. 
COOK VOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumpino Caldron. Empties its 
kettle in one miuute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cookinB 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Stovea, Water and Steam 
Jacket Kettles. Hog Scalders, Cal¬ 
drons, etc. Send for cironlars. 
D. R. SPERRY 4 CO.. Batavia. HI. 
Sharpen your own Rorsn. 
THE BUZZARD 
I the greatest of all 
HORSEICECALKS 
Agents Wanted. Address, 
S.W. KENT,Cazenovia,N.Y. 
White Leghorn Cockerels. 
We have 86 choice, large, thrifty, early-hatched 
cockerels, selected from a large number for breed¬ 
ing. They are from our best purebred egg-type 
stock. Prices right tor quality. Write for circular. 
State what you want. 
WHITE & RICE. Yorktown, West. Co.. N. Y. 
CATTLE STANCHION. 
Keep cattle comfortable and clean. 
I turn head and lay down naturally. 
A new thing. Write for the 
booklet before buying. Full 
information. It is mailed free. 
FRACNER & COMPANY, 
Box 18, Monroe, Mich. 
THE CHAIN-HANGING 
Cattle Stanchion 
The most practical and humane Fastener ever in¬ 
vented. Gives perfeclfreedom of the head. 1 llustrat''d 
Circular and I’riee freeon application. Manufactured 
by O. H. KOBEKTSON, Forestville. Conn, 
The BEST Cattle 
Fastening 
SMITH’S Self- 
Adjusting SwL'g 
Stanchion. The only 
Practical swing stan¬ 
chion Invented. Thou¬ 
sands in use. Illust’d 
Circular free. 
GLENOHA MFG. CO., 
Glenora, Yates County, 
N Y. infringements 
will be prosecuted. 
cattle: WATERING BA&INS 
A.CHESlEYaSOPH, 
»LOCK BOX 306 ^ 
'Jtana’s.'lilir.EAR LABELS 
Sutped with any name or addreaa with coneecntlve 
laatbeta. X supply forty recording associations and 
ihoiiaands of praictloal farmers, breeders and veterl- 
UMlaiiB. Sample free. Aaenta Wanted. 
& IL VAMA. T4 Malnl ^ West LebanM. H. K 
