798 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
November 23 
Live Stock and Dairy 
FARM AND DAIRY NOTES. 
Building the Dairy Barn. 
A Business Subject. —Probably never 
in the history of dairying has there 
been so much interest in barn and stable 
construction as at the present time. 
Dairying has developed into a science, 
and a business of splendid proportions. 
The barn and stable are to the dairy¬ 
man what the office is to the merchant 
and trader; a place of business, where 
his best efforts should be put forth. 
Did you ever see a successful and satis¬ 
fied dairyman who had cold, dark, damp 
cow stables, who spends as little time 
as may be consistent with pushing in 
the feed and pitching out the manure? 
Such a man needs to repair his office, 
that is, if he is able to do so. After 
all, did you ever see a man with an 
ideal constantly before him who did not 
sooner or later reach it, or approxi¬ 
mately so? A dairy farmer with a daily 
determination to have a warm, light 
and well-ventilated stable, gets it. We 
always subordinate every desire for our 
ideal. 
The Fundamental Needs. —Great ex¬ 
pense and elaborate construction are 
unnecessary, unless the means are at 
hand to accomplish the desired end. 
There are three fundamentals, however, 
not to be forgotten, that will insure 
success; light, which means sunshine 
directly upon the animals; warmth, 
above 50 degrees, and I am not sure 
but we may say 60 degrees, and last 
but not least, ventilation. Let us first 
look at the importance of light. Just 
why barn builders are so indifferent to 
glass surface in the stables I am unable 
to say. I might cite any number of 
cases, in fact, they are legion, where 
one small window furnishes light for 
20 animals. I was passing a barn just 
completed, recently, size 30 x 60; two 
windows 2x3 feet furnish light, and 
both of them are nearly covered with 
slats, to prevent breakage of glass. Wis¬ 
consin barns are quite largely built with 
a hood or projection over the stable. 
That is, the superstructure above the 
stable is eight to 10 feet wider than 
the stable, forming a shed, which, of 
course, shuts out every ray of sunlight, 
without regard to glass surface. In 
order to secure free admission of direct 
rays of the sun, the points of the com¬ 
pass must be taken into consideration. 
A combined southern and western ex¬ 
posure provides a constant admission 
during the day when not cloudy. One 
does not need a studied knowledge of 
bacteriology to know the value of sun¬ 
light as a germicide. Several years ago 
1 attended a session of the Chemung 
Co., N. Y., Medical Society, at which 
time Dr. Cooper Curtice delivered a very 
elaborate address upon tuberculosis, 
aiming to prove the danger to man from 
a free use of mixed milk, citing the con¬ 
dition of a herd which he had recently 
slaughtered. Members of the Associa¬ 
tion complimented the doctor upon his 
address, including one elderly M.D., 
who from his general make-up seemed 
to be a man of good judgment and 
sense perhaps, rather than one of long 
college training. 
He said, in substance, that he had 
been much interested in the discussion; 
he had in mind, however, an instance 
in his practice which might serve to 
express his opinion of a cause of the 
dread disease and the danger from milk 
as a food. A family in his charge had 
been paying him annually over ?100 
for service on account of throat and 
lung trouble, including at one time a 
case of tuberculosis. He had finally 
advised them to cut down some of the 
shade trees around their house, trim 
up others, open up the shutters and let 
in God’s sunlight, even though it did 
fade the bright colors in the carpet. 
Result, a yearly bill of less than $20; 
and the family continued to use milk 
just the same. Pretty good advice to 
home-keepers as well as cow-keepers. 
The Tuberculosis Qotstion. —I am 
not sufficiently learned to enter into a 
discussion of the relation of bovine 
to human tuberculosis; even if I could, 
it would be out of place here. I firmly 
believe that sanitation is the basis for 
healthy animals, and not a free use of 
tuberculin, and that more rapid ad¬ 
vancement in animal health will be 
secured if our State authorities will 
use strenuous efforts to bring about 
improved sanitary surroundings rather 
than in slaughtering suspected animals. 
This is a pertinent subject in discussing 
barn construction. It is becoming a 
well-established principle in Govern¬ 
ment control of infectious and con¬ 
tagious disease that sanitation is far 
more effective than quarantine. We 
have been maintaining strict quaran¬ 
tine against Cuba for years, and as all 
know only moderately effective. As 
soon as Gen. Wood began his campaign 
against ages of Spanish filth accumu¬ 
lation we began to feel the effect of 
removing a cause. It is simply putting 
into practice the old adage that an 
ounce of prevention is better than a 
pound of cure. It is from this stand¬ 
point I reason that effective and per¬ 
manent work along these lines can only 
be done by constantly agitating the 
necessity for light, warmth, and a dry 
pure air, as a foundation for health. 
Have you ever applied to your animals 
the feeling you have in the late Fall 
or early Winter days when complete 
saturation has taken place, and low 
temperatures are at hand? The shiv¬ 
ering, disagreeable teeth chattering 
takes place that precedes a “cold,” and 
you hasten to put on woolen. Your 
wife says: “What will you do in mid¬ 
winter if you are cold now?” and sure 
enough the thermometer registers above 
freezing, and still you know that a zero 
day in January with a dry atmosphere 
will be as comfortable. What has this 
to do with stable construction? It has 
much by way of convincing proof, if 
such is possible, that cows need a dry 
air. They are not provided with extra 
woolens for immediate use, and are 
therefore obliged to sacrifice milk, fiesh 
or vitality. h. e. cook. 
COWS AND THEIR CARE. 
Fresh Cows. — Conditions have 
changed during the last 12 or 15 years. 
The time was when February and 
March were the best months in the 
year for selling butter. There was a 
scarcity at that season, and it paid to 
have plenty of fresh cows. Now prices 
begin to fall in January, and continue 
to go down for several months. For 
that reason it is doubtful whether 
cows that freshen after the first of 
December and before the first of March 
or April are as profitable as those that 
come fresh the last of August or early 
in September, or even in April and 
May. September, October and Novem¬ 
ber are months when milk is bringing 
a good price, and can be produced at a 
very moderate cost. From April on 
prices are not so high as in the Fall, 
but the cost of keeping a cow for a 
year, if she freshens in April or May 
is less than when she freshens at any 
other time in the year. Either early 
Fall, or the Spring months are prob¬ 
ably the best times to have cows come 
fresh. The cow that freshens in De¬ 
cember will do little if any better in 
June and July than the one that fresh¬ 
ened in September. Both fall off in the 
mess at that season. The August or 
September cow is the one that is likely 
to go dry the shortest time. The De¬ 
cember cow must be fed liberally all 
Winter on grain if she is to produce 
a full fiow of milk, just as much as the 
September cow, while the latter has al¬ 
ready produced a nice lot of milk at a 
small cost, thus yielding a profit. 
When to Stable. —We do not like to 
keep our cows in the stable nights until 
the weather becomes quite cool, so that 
the cows are more comfortable indoors 
than out. Sometimes we keep them in 
earlier, because we wish to get all the 
manure we can for some certain field. 
If the pasture is short and the nights 
not too warm it is all right. If the 
pasture is good, it is doubtful whether 
there can be as much milk obtained 
from feeding sowed corn without grain 
as from pasture; besides the corn is 
more costly than pasture. 1 here is 
nothing better than good pasture, and 
on our cheap lands nothing is so inex¬ 
pensive for cow feed. The only excuse 
for us to grow fodder corn, oats and 
peas, etc., for green feed is the fact 
that the drought, more or less severe, 
is quite liable to catch us most years. 
Even then, if we have a good range 
of pasture and are not overstocked, we 
get along very well with only a mod¬ 
erate amount of fodder corn. 1 find 
that many farmers are expressing 
doubts about the advisability of “in¬ 
tensive” farming on cheap land, at a 
considerable outlay for hired labor. 
Profitable Cows.—It isn’t always 
the largest income that gives the great¬ 
est profit. Looking over a list of 
creamery patrons where the cost of 
keeping the cows was given together 
with the income per cow, I notice that 
in different herds the returns for $1 
cost in keeping, vary all the way 
from 50 cents to $1.66. In other words, 
one man got back from the creamery 
50 cents for each $1 worth of fodder 
given his cows, while another man got 
$1.66 from the creamery for each $1 
worth of fodder fed to his cows. These 
were the extremes, but there were 
many other examples very similar. 
Now, looking over the list carefully, it 
appears that those who fed the most 
expensive ration did not in many in¬ 
stances get the best returns. Doubt¬ 
less much of the difference is due to 
the quality of the cow, but the dairy¬ 
man needs to look out also for a ration 
that is not too expensive. h. h. l. 
Delaware Co., N. Y. 
Breeders’ Directory 
A Registered Jersey Bull and 25 Buff 
Plymouth Bock Hens; very cheap. 
B. B. THUITT, New Bethlehem, Pa. 
JERSEY BULL 
Yearling'—reulstered, from a preat show cow; al¬ 
most faultless, by a prortiic ns: sire. Farmer’s price. 
B. F. SHANNON, ‘.KIT Liberty St., PittsburK, Pa. 
123 HOLSTEINS;ri,^S: 
DBLLHUBBT FARMS. Mentor. Ohio. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull 
ready for aerTlee. and a line lot of Bull Calrea. Beet 
of breeding, and from deep producing famlllee. 
0. K. RBCOBD. Peterboro, N. T. 
F or sale—T horoughbred 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE 
of the best families. Also, 30 
reasonable prices. write the MAPLES STOCK 
FARM, Binghamton, N. Y., WM. Boon. prop. 
Cnr Qqlft—PUBBBBBD HOL8TB1N-FRIBSIAN8 
I or OdIB from best famUles. Two registered 
bulls ready for service and bull calves. Also have 
purebred BERKSHIRE BWINB and SCOTCH 
COLLIB PUPS at low figures. Write for breeding 
and prices. W. W. CHENEY, Manlius. N. Y. 
111 If ^UlnCO posed of. Also the handsomest 
Bull of the breed. Oakum Lad No. 6590, three years 
old weight close to 1,500 pounds. Cheap If sold soon. 
A. F. GRINB, Homewood, Pa. 
Berkshire, P. China and C. White Pigs (also, serv 
' vlceable Boars; sows bred), at farmers’prices. 
B. P. Rock Cockerels, 75c.; W. Holland Turkeys, 
$1.50. W. A. LOTHEH8, Lack, Pa. 
YOUR HORSE LAME? 
That’s bad. Lame horses are unprofitable either 
for use or sale. Don’t have a lame horse. 
Cure him with 
...KENDALL’S SPAVIN CURE... 
th3 old reliable remedy for Spavins. Ringbones, 
Splints, Curbs, etc., and all forms of Lameness. 
It Is the most successful remedy ever discovered, 
as It is certain In Its effects and cures without a 
blemish, ns it does not blister. 
USED SUCCESSFUL!.Y^20 YEARS^ 
Dr. B. J. Kendall Co. Gentlemen:—! have used your Ken¬ 
dall’s Spavin Cure ever since 1 can remember, about 20 years, 
and it ia all you recouunend for 1- Yours, etc., 
WM. D. CALDER. 
Such endorsements as the above are a guarantee of 
merit. Price, $1; six for $6. As a liniment for fam¬ 
ily use it has no equal. Ask your druggist for Ken- 
dall’a Bparln Cure, also “A Treatise on the Horse,” the 
book free, or address 
DR. B. J. KENDALL CO., Enosburg Palls, Vt. 
The ONES THAT GUT 
No bruising nor crushing, 
■ WE?S*RR*S CALF DISHORNERS. 
Holders and everything required for 
dishorning. Catalogue free. 
OEO^WEBSTEI^^innSTIA?^^^ 
Re^. P. Chinas, BcrRshitcs and C. Whites. 
Choice Pigs, 8 weeks old, mated not 
akin. Bred Sows and Service Boars. 
POUI/TBY. Write for Hard tim«9 
prices and free circular. 
HAMILTON & CO., Bosenwlck. Chester Co., la. 
r r n n PTO—choice stock for sale at all times 
ILnilClu New book sent free. Address 
W. J. WOOD, New London, Ohio. 
2000 
FERKET8. First-class stock. Some 
. Trained New Price-list free. 
N. A. KNAPP, Rochester, Lorain Co., O. 
Disease and death often lurk in a continuously 
eglected cold, when it might be speedily eradicated 
ritha fewdosesof Dr. 1). Jayne’s Expectorant— Adr. 
■ yilflDA Delaine Bucks, good 
HHUUlf H wU A I W stock, low prices. Large 
circular for stamp HD. W. COLE CO.. Kenton, O. 
^ €Z choice pure Von Homeyer BAMBOUILLET 
RAMS for sale cheap. THOMAS WYCKOFF, 
Ramboulllet, D. 8. A., Orchard Lake, Mich. 
n Choice W. Wyan., P. Bocks, Brah- 
I ilirKPiTPilS mas- Cochins, Leghorns, from prlse- 
VUUaUlUlO gtook. 23 varieties of land 
and water fowls. Satisfaction guaranteed. Big cat¬ 
alogue free. Pine Tree Farm, Box T, Jamesbnrg.N.J. 
B rooke meadow farm has for 
sale a few trios of Buff Plymouth Becks and 
Indian Runner Ducks at $5 per trio. 
JOHN H. JANNBY, Brighton, Md 
M ammoth Bronze Turkeys, with one- 
eighth wild blood, for sale. 
Choice young toms, - - $8.00 
Choice young hens, - - - $1.76 
Address H. M. PADDOCK, Freehold, Oreene CO..H.Y 
BRONZE TURKEYS 
Winners at Rochester and Pan-A merican Exhibition 
birds bred from 45-lb. tom, and grand breeding stock 
at fair prices. Oeo. W. Salisbury, Phelps, N. Y. 
TXaofVl tn T hens and CHICKS. 
UCdlll lU l^ivC 64-page book FREE. 
D. J. LAMBERT, Box 807, Apponang, B. I. 
CoBfht Ms* 
leMper mi 4 Lsdtfsstln Cure. 
A. Tstdrin^ry tpe^o fbr wind, 
thront and stomsoh knnbles. 
Atronff reeommendse ^ m 
oaoe Dealers, mail or Bx^pud. 
BiowioD ilorse Remedy Co. 
(.T) Toledo. Obis. 
CATTLE STANCHION. 
Keep cattle comfortable and clean. 
Can turn head and lay down naturally. 
A now thing. Write for the 
booklet before buying. Full 
information. It is mailed free. 
FRACNER &. COMPANY, 
Box 18, Monroe, Mich. 
3 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the . 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties ItB 
kettle in one minute. The slmpleet 
and best arrangement for cooking 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Sfovea, Water and Steam 
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal¬ 
drons, etc. aa- Send for cironlarfc 
D. R. SPERRY & CO., Batavia. HI. 
IPPLEY’S 
COOKERS. 
Sell from $6.00 to $45.00. Made of 
boiler steel. No fiues to rust or 
leak. Can’t blowup. Guaranteed to 
cook 25 bu. feed In 2 hours, and to 
beat water In stock tanks 200 feet 
away. Will heat dairy rooms. Cat¬ 
alogue and prices mailed free. 
Itlpplay Hardware Co. 
^Rax£148 firettoB, Ula. 
SharpeR your own Horst. 
THE BLIZZARD 
the greatest of all 
HORSE ICE CALKS 
Agents Wanted. Address, 
S.W. KENT,Cueiiovla.N.Y. 
