862 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
December 21 
Live Stock and Dairy 
DAIRY AND FARM NOTES. 
Building a Dairy Barn. 
Pakt IV. 
Warmth and the Cow.— While we 
are speaking of warmth, it may not be 
out of place to ask what is the correct 
temperature for a milch cow. I am will¬ 
ing to confess ignorance, and as willing 
to say that in my judgment formerly- 
accepted Winter temperatures have 
been too low. Probably 40 to 50 degrees 
would represent a range as usually 
given by practical men when discussing 
the subject in institute work. No doubt 
the temperature in these same cases 
would be found lower by actual test. It 
is easy to guess, and just as easy to be 
wrong, and easier. My judgment had 
until recently been in accord with the 
general view, but since having a chance 
to give nearly perfect ventilation, the 
whole question has changed, and now I 
easily see why I did not care for a high¬ 
er degree, and I believe the same reason 
will stand true generally. We could not 
maintain a pure atmosphere and make 
the doors, windows and walls tight 
enough to maintain this high degree. To 
tell it all, we could not carry even a 40 
to 50-degree average and have anything 
like pure air. Pure air in stables has 
been in the past only a relative term. 
We say, yes, the air seems very pure 
and free from odors not because we 
compare it to the well ventilated rooms 
we live in, but we compare to some 
other stable much worse, and from that 
platform in cow stable. Fig. :«*o. 
position we may be right. The actual 
condition of things, however, must gov¬ 
ern, and not comparative conception. 
Warm Air and Pure Air. —We have 
grown up to expect a stable odor in our 
clothing and think nothing of it. My 
conception now of a pure air is one in 
which a man may work without the ob¬ 
jectionable stable odor; a pure stable 
air just like a pure house air. It appears 
to me that the limit of warmth has not 
been I'eached. We find a Summer tem¬ 
perature of 70 degrees usually the most 
satisfactory, all other things being 
equal, for milk flow. It is not the hot, 
sultry day that gives the big mess, nor 
is it the other extreme ranging in the 
forties or fifties, so the question comes 
to me, why a lower Winter temperature, 
provided the air is frequently changed? 
There is a limit, however, because only 
animal heait is at hand. We have been 
able to maintain a range from 54 to 60 
degrees with the varying changes of a 
northern New York Winter. 
A Well-Built Stable. —The stable 
is ceiled with matched lumber both in¬ 
side and out, and on the southern and 
western sides, which are the sides ex¬ 
posed, as shown in Part III., an extra 
lining with building paper is put in be¬ 
tween the inner and outer walls. This 
air chamber thus formed has two ad¬ 
vantages, making a high temperature 
possible and also preventing quick con¬ 
densation. A single wall, however per¬ 
fect the ventilation, with ics cold con¬ 
tact will condense vapor before a venti¬ 
lating flue can get hold of it. We are 
using a single wall on another stable, 
and while we can keep up the tempera¬ 
ture fairiy well the stable does not seem 
so dry. The expense of side wall is not 
much greater than when double boards 
and paper are used. The actual cost of 
lumber for the side wall of this stable 
in Part III was 8,000 feet of inch lum¬ 
ber, planed and matched, worth $16 per 
1,000, or $128, and the lumber used be¬ 
tween the walls was worth $10, making 
a total cost of $138. Double boards and 
paper would have required 7,000 at $j. 2 
plus the surface planing, costing $1.50 
per 1,000, making a total cost of $94.50. 
Cost of paper added would make $100, a 
saving of $38. I am not able to state 
the difference in cost of labor in putting 
on the surface planed, but I should say 
that it would be not more than $10 less, 
a total saving in this case of $50, very 
small indeed, and the subject is well 
worth careful attention. I would sug¬ 
gest and advise all who intend to adopt 
the King system of ventilation or any 
other system as good if anyone has suc¬ 
ceeded in flnding it, to buiid in the man¬ 
ner indicated. 
Stonte Walls a.nd Air Space. —I do 
not like stone side walls. It is very 
difficult indeed to get a full measure of 
sunlight through the windows, and un¬ 
less an air space is left in the wall con¬ 
densation will take place more readily 
than upon the board wall with air cham¬ 
ber. I have never been quite able to 
understand the general use of stone. 
Wood is cheaper. If the stone walls 
were not built higher than the base of 
the windows all would be well. Another 
saving was effected in the barn in Part 
III. over a two-story barn in size of tim¬ 
bers and thickness of wall. In a two- 
story barn great strain comes upon the 
wall and structural support, while in a 
ground plan the strain comes chiefly 
upon the ground. I am not in accord 
with the teaching that an animal needs 
one cubic foot of air space for each 
pound of live weight. If we were to 
build a box large enough to supply pure 
air without change the animal could not 
warm it. I find that we cannot reduce 
the space below one-half cubic foot per 
pound live weight without infringing 
upon the space necessary for handy and 
economical care of stock. If we take 
for granted that nine feet in the clear 
is correct we must have from 34 to 40 
feet in width, depending upon whether 
the cows stand face or tails together. 
We are using both kinds, and each has 
its objections; quicker and easier feed¬ 
ing in case of heads together; with 
heads to the sides less width by six feet 
is required, from the fact that only one 
driveway is necessary to haul manure, 
one trip sufficing to clean both sides un¬ 
less more than a load is made daily. 
Another item of saving is the cleaning 
of these drive platforms. In the double 
drive we are cleaning a space 16 feet 
wide, and in the single drive only nine 
feet. Where platforms are kept clean 
we find quite a saving of time. A six- 
foot manger is wide enough for a single 
row; a platform about five feet, and 
built like Fig. 390, A representing the 
stanchion or manger; back 18 to 20 
inches to a point B the floor is level. 
Here a gentle rise takes place of 1% 
inch in cement floors and 114 inch in 
plank, ascending back to the point C. 
which is level with the floor line A, B. 
This does not disturb the animal by slip-: 
ping as usually found on an incline from 
the manger to gutter. The same effect 
is given to the rear part of the platform, 
and the cows kept clean; a gutter eight 
inches from C to D 15 inches wide, and 
six inches from E to F, and a pitch of 
114 inch on the drive platform for each 
five feet. _ h. e. cook. 
Jersey and Holstein Cross. 
In your issue of November 30 the 
question of crossing the Jerseys and 
Holsteins successfully was discussed 
and decided in the negative. The deci¬ 
sion was based chiefly on the premise 
that the two breeds were so unlike they 
possessed no common characteristics. 
While it is true that in form, color, size 
and milking qualities they are wholly 
different, it is also true that each is 
marked by positive qualities that assert 
themselves more conspicuously than do 
those of almost any other dairy breed. 
The most careless observer may detect 
the slightest mixture of Jersey blood in 
a herd of scrub cows, and it is this qual¬ 
ity of persistence that underlies hered¬ 
ity. The same is equally true of the 
Holstein. The one excels as a producer 
of butter fat, but is somewhat deficient 
in capacity as a milk producer. The 
other is generally credited with the op¬ 
posite qualities. Here then we have the 
ideal conditions of a successful com¬ 
bination, and the writer inclines strong¬ 
ly to the belief supported by observa¬ 
tion, that with a Jersey bull of ordinary 
prepotency and a Holstein cow of large 
milk capacity, the progeny may be as 
safely counted on for good dairy ani¬ 
mals as can those from any other cross. 
The utility of cross-breeding at all is 
still and fairly an open question. 
Conn. Ag’l College. l. p. c. 
Breeders’ Directory 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-y. and you will get a quick reply and 
‘ a .square deal.” See our guarantee 8th page. 
Horse Owners! Use 
GOMBAULT’S 
Caustic 
Balsam 
_ A Safe Speedy and Positive Cura 
The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used. Takes 
the place of all llnimenta for mild or severe action. 
Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horses 
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
OR FIRING- ImposaibU to product scar or blemMO. 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $1.50 per bottle. Sold by drueglsts, or 
Bent by express, charges paid, with full directions 
for its use. Send for descriptive circulars. 
THE LAWR ENCE-WILLIAMS CO., Cleveland O. 
_ does he kick 
^ or has he ANY habits? If so CURE „ 
—-^hlm with my PULLEY BREAKING BRIDLE only oOy^ 
rpostpaiJAll horiemen need it. circular rsEt . 
/pPOF.JF.SSr RFFDY. PIcasant.H'li Ohio. 
JERSEY BULL 
YearUng—registered, from a great show cow; al¬ 
most fanitless, by a producing sire. Farmer’s price. 
R. F. SHANNON, 907 Liberty St., Pittsburg, Pa. 
ii 
QUALITY” 
For Sale—Two A. J. C. C Bull Calves, full brothers 
In blood. No. 1, dropped August 30, 1991; dam's test 
17 pounds 5 ounces from 265poundsmllk. 8,019pounds 
milk last year. No. 2. dropped September 23, PJjl; 
dam's test 17 pounds 12 ounces from 230 pounds 12 
ounces milk; 7 244 pounds milk last jcar with second 
calf. Granddams and great granddams tested cows. 
They have the" Quality,’'and are for sale at reason¬ 
able prices. For particulars write 
K. W. MOSHER, Aurora, N. Y. 
123 holsteinsk;^ 
DHLLHUBBT farms. Mentor. Ohio. 
Cnr OqIii—P tJBBBBBD HOL8TB1N-FBIB8IAN8 
I Ul wdlB from best families. A registered 
bull ready for service and hull calves. Also have 
purebred BERKSHIRE SWINE and SCOTCH 
COLLIE PUPS at low figures. Write for breeding 
and prices. W. W. CHENEY, Manlius, N. Y. 
Fob Sale —Registered Hereford Bull, 
1,500 pounds, three years old, first-prize winner, well 
marked and gentle. For price address 
E. H. PALMER, Mgr. "Fernslde,” So. Lee, Mass. 
JACKS FOR SALE 
An extra fine lot of .lacks; all premium Jacks 
AH stock delivered free aboard cais at city of Indiana¬ 
polis, Ind. Address Baker s JackFarm,Liiwrei.ce, Ind 
A ft Q ■! n for top Poland-Chlna sow, bred for Spring. 
wAUi lO These are the mellow, easy keepers. 
$10 for Sept. pigs. K. HAWK, Mechanicsburg, Ohio 
Reg. P. CMnas, Berkshires and C. Wkites, 
Choice Pigs, 8 weeks old, mated not 
akin. Bred Bows and Service Boars. 
POULTRY. Write for hard times 
V- -- prices and free circular. 
HAMILTON & CO.. Kosenvick. Chester Co.. Pa. 
2000 
FERRETS. First-olass stock. Some 
r Trained New Price-list free. 
N. A. KNAPP. Rochester, IjOraln Co., O. 
ay PHD A Pf) ATC sre handsome, hardy and 
AllllUlf A UUH I W profitable. Prize stock. 
Low prices. Large clr. B. W. Cole & Co., Kenton, O 
ANGORA COATS 
We are offering the following for sale, all of the 
Bailey Strain: 
lOO Angora Does 
40 Yearling Wethers 
Lot of Fine Bucks. Photographs and prices on ap¬ 
plication. Correspondence solicited. 
Address W. P. BROWNING. Westerly, K. 1. 
HOMING PIGEONS 
Twenty-five pair, guaran 
__ teed Stock at$l per pair. 
8. B. ARTHURS, Brookville, Pa. 
Light Brahmas and White Plymouth 
Rocks. Fine birds of each, lit to show. Thirty years 
a shipper of Fine Poultry. J.A. Roberts, Malvern. Pa 
H — m 600 Choice Barred and Buff P.Rocks; 
I'Or also White and Silver Wyandottes. 
Price reasonable. Du. 8. C. MOYER, Lansdale, Pa. 
D ADf* AlilC~^*^ cockerels at $1 each. Buff 
DAtfUAInv Wyan ; Buff Rocks; S. C White 
Leghorns; R. C. Brown Leghorns. Everyone a 
thoroughbred. A. B. KATKAMIBR, Macedon. N.Y. 
Cockerels' 
Dana’SM'rS^iil-EAR LABELS 
stamped with any name or address with consecutive 
numbers. I supply forty recording associations and 
thousands of practical farmers, breeders and veteri¬ 
narians. Samples free. Agents Wanted. 
C. U. DANA, 74 Mala St, West Lebaaaa, N. lb 
,—Choice W. Wyan., P. Rocks, Brah¬ 
mas, Cochins, Leghorns, from prize- 
winning stock. 23 varieties of land 
and water fowls. Satisfaction guaranteed. Big cat¬ 
alogue free. Pine Tree Farm, BoxT, Jamesburg.N.J. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVB 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Dumping Caldron. Empties itt 
kettle in one miuute. The simplest 
and best arrangement for cookini 
food for stock. Also make Dairy and 
Laundry Stoves, Water and Staani 
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Cal* 
drone, etc. s^ Send lor ciroolara- 
D. R. SPERRY & tkj., RataviariU 
IPPLEY’S 
COOKERS. 
Sell from $5.00 to $45.00. Made of 
boiler steel. No flues to rust or 
leak. Can’t blowup. Guaranteed to 
cook 25 bu. feed in 2 hours,^d to 
' heat water in stock tanks 200 tMt 
away. Will heat dairy rooms. Cat¬ 
alogue and prices msdled free, 
re RlDDley Hardware Co, 
^ firaltoB, Ills. 
LARGEST COW IN THE WORLD 
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