72 
REPORTS OF CASES. 
faeces. I concluded an operation was impossible, owing to the 
extraordinary large stone. Two days later the colt died. 
Post-mortem Examination .—On opening the abdomen, all 
the urinary organs in a healthy condition except the bladder, 
the external surface of which presented a dark-red appearance. 
On opening the bladder I discovered a large pear-shaped calcu¬ 
lus, which weighed twenty-seven ounces; it measured in cir¬ 
cumference, antero-posteror, 14 inches; lateral, 11 inches. 
The bladder also contained a small quantity of urine, and 
showed signs of chronic cystitis throughout the entire organ. 
ROARING—TEMPORARY RELIEF. 
By W. C. Siegmund, D.V.S., House Surgeon. 
In the fall of the year 1893 a bay mare, 7 years of age, was 
brought to the American Veterinary Hospital, suffering from 
chronic roaring. The owner had bought the horse recently, 
and asked for treatment. 
Upon observation, the animal was found to roar upon the 
slightest exertion, and could not be driven out of a walk. 
Upon manipulation of the throat, there were found no swellings, 
but the larynx was abnormally firm, resisting all pressure. The 
pulse and temperature were normal when the animal was at rest. 
The diagnosis made was that of ossification of the laryngeal 
cartilages. As to the treatment, the owner was advised that no 
operation or medicine would cure the trouble as far as the organ 
itself was concerned, but that the animal could be made useful 
by the permanent insertion of tracheotomy tube. 
The owner consented to an explorative examination of the 
larynx, and the insertion of the tube. The animal was accor- 
dingly casted, and secured in such a manner. 
An incision was made through skin, the adjoining tissues dis¬ 
sected away until the cricothyroidian membrane came to view. 
The neighboring blood-vessels were ligated and parts rendered 
antiseptic. An incision was then made through this latter mem¬ 
brane, exposing the interior of the larynx ; the mucous membrane 
was found to be thickened, the vocal cords flabby, and the car- 
