n8 
ARTHUR SALINGER. 
plugs. The smaller bronchi often contain fibrinous plugs. This 
stage usually lasts about two days. 
Stage of grey hepatization is the first stage in the process 
of resolution. The exudate is softened, the cell elements are 
disintegrated and are rendered capable of absorption. The 
grayish appearance is due to the absorption of the haemoglobin 
and red blood corpuscles, with an increase in the number of 
white corpuscles. A point to which especial attention should 
be called is the almost frequent association of affection of the 
pleura. It can be stated that in every case of pneumonia where 
the inflamatory process reaches the periphery, the pleura is 
affected. 
The pleurisy may be either a dry one pleuritis sicca or a 
pleurisy with effusion may be present. We will have occasion 
again to refer to pleurisy with effusion in considering the symp¬ 
tomatology and prognosis of croupous pneumonia. It will be 
noticed that the right lung is more frequently affected than the 
left one. 
Symptoms. This disease usually begins with a marked and 
prolonged chill with rapidly rising temperature, frequently going 
from 103 to 106 degrees with rapid pulse, marked depression, 
hebetude and anorexia. The extremeties will be found to be 
cold. The pulse may be from 60 to 100 in a minute. In severe 
cases the conjunctiva may be seen to be jaundiced due to profound 
blood alterations. Symptoms referable to the lungs manifest 
themselves at once. Respiratory movements are quickened and 
painful, due in the majority of cases to early involvement of the 
pleura. The type of breathing is costal. The affected animal 
does not lie down or if found in the recumbent position, the 
animal will lie on the affected side. The standing position of 
the horse is typical. The front legs are usually held far apart 
and the head is extended and carried low. The animal moves 
as quietly as possible, cautiously preventing unnecessary move¬ 
ments. Cough if present is slight, short and evidently painful. 
The most important diagnostic points are brought out by physi¬ 
cal examination. 
