CR.OUPOUS PNEUMONIA IN THE HORSE. 
n 9 
Percussion early in the first stage may give you a tympanitic 
note. This can only be observed if the case is seen early. This 
tympanitic note soon gives way to dullness on percussion which 
shows the beginning of the stage of red hepatization or consolid¬ 
ation. In the third stage the percussion note tends toward 
clearing up and in favorable cases returns to normal pulmonary 
resonance. If the pleura be affected slight percussion over the 
affected area produces sharp pain. 
On auscultation in the first stage we hear an increase of the 
respiratory murmur, accompanied by crepitant rales. This rale 
is heard only at the end of inspiration. As consolidation goes 
on the crepitant rale disappears giving place to bronchial 
breathing. In the stage of resolution, moist rales return which 
are coarser than the rales first heard and are known as the 
crepitus redux. 
If pleurisy with effusion takes place at any stage of the dis¬ 
ease the respiratory symptoms will become aggravated. The 
dyspnoea already present will be changed to orthopnea. Symp¬ 
toms of cyanosis will begin to show themselves. It is obvious 
that if you have fluid at the base of a lung that is already 
affected by an inflammation of high grade the difficulty in breath- 
will become more marked. Hence the recognition of a pleurisy 
with effusion (no matter how slight the effusion) should be 
noticed at once. 
The urine has the characteristics of ordinary febrile urine, 
high specific gravity and usually alkaline in reaction. Albumen 
may be present and the chlorides will be found to be markedly 
diminished. 
The fever is typical remaining high from the onset with very 
slight morning remissions. It remains so for five or six days 
and in favorable cases declines, recovery usually taking place in 
from ten to fourteen days. The termination is usually abrupt 
resembling crisis. The cough becomes looser, the respirations 
less rapid, the pulse slower and fuller. The animal regains its 
appetite and shows all the symptoms of returning health. 
In rare cases the disease may be arrested in the stage of red 
