.CROUPOUS PNEUMONIA IN THE HORSE. 
123 
applications of cold water to the chest will be found useful. 
Another plan is to give large enemata of cold water by the 
bowel. This will promptly reduce temperature without depress¬ 
ing the heart, and should be used every couple of hours until 
the temperature is lowered. Experience advises against the use 
of analgesic, antipyretics, such as antipyrin, antifebrin, phena- 
cetin, etc., on account of the too depressant effect upon the 
heart. To add the depressing effect of a powerful drug to the 
pathological influences already depressing the heart, is now re¬ 
cognized as increasing the danger of cardiac failure which is the 
most frequent cause of death in croupous pneumonia, while it is 
true that these drugs unquestionably reduce temperature, they 
do it at a great risk, and while we have other means of lowering 
temperature (cold water applications and enteroclysis of cold 
water) they should not be employed. If any of these drugs be 
given, phenacetine should be chosen as it has the least depres¬ 
sant effect upon the heart. In reference to the employment of 
veratrum viride and aconite in the first stage and digitalis at a 
latter period appears as unreasonable. Cardiac depressants in 
croupous pneumonia are always of doubtful utility and digitalis 
as a cardiac stimulant should be given only in response to spe¬ 
cial indications. Many of the symptoms of pneumonia are due 
to a toxaenia, and it is far better to bleed the patient if he is to 
be bled at all, into a basin than into his own vessels. Later in 
pneumonia when the heart becomes weak, digitalis and alcohol 
are of decided value. Stimulating expectorants during the 
third stage have some use, the one having the widest reputation 
and being by far the one most used is the Carbonnate of 
ammonia. If employed the dose should be frequently repeated 
as the effect of this drug is soon lost. A powerful respiratory 
stimulant, when such becomes necessary, is strychnia. This 
should be administered hypodermically and in full doses. If 
the cough becomes distressing and painful resource should be 
had to opium in some form, preferably as Dover’s powders. A 
favorite plan of treatment in human practice consists in giving 
full doses of quinine early in the disease, followed by a laxative 
