312 
GEORGE N. KINNELL. 
feet per animal. Dr. Parker, of Haverhill, found from ex¬ 
amination of twelve dairies in the vicinity of Boston that the 
average cubic space per cow was 522 cubic feet, and this 
may be taken as a fair average of the stables throughout the 
State. Of course the amount of cubic space necessary 
varies very much with the effectiveness of the means of ven¬ 
tilation, but even with the best ventilating facilities it is never 
advisable to allow less than 800 cubic feet per cow, and the 
allowance of two or four hundred more would, if erring at 
all, be doing so on the safe side. 
In arranging for ventilation the features to be provided 
for are a sufficient opening overhead to let heated foul air 
out, a sufficient opening underneath to admit cold pure air, 
and allowing the laws of specific gravity to do the rest. A 
shaft fifteen inches square over each stall will be sufficient 
for the first requirement. The best way to admit the fresh 
air is by the medium of large pipes laid underneath the 
floor, open at both ends outside the building and communi¬ 
cating with the interior of the stable by means of upright 
pipes set on at regular intervals, running up through and 
projecting an inch and a half above the level of the floor. 
For a stable containing say fifteen animals, the underground 
pipe should be three feet in diameter and should bear four 
upright pipes each two feet in diameter, covered with a suit¬ 
able grating. The openings should occur in the floor behind 
the rows of stalls. This ensures a constant supply of fresh, 
cool air, and does away with the danger of the much dreaded 
draught. The projection of the upright pipes above the 
floor prevents them acting as drainage mediums, and the size 
of the underground conduit enables a person to pass through 
and make a periodical cleansing. 
The consideration of light is also an important one. It is 
an ascertained fact that the bacillus of tuberculosis, when ex¬ 
posed for a few hours to direct sunlight, dies, and, it is also 
^ue, moderate light, while not killing it, will yet so vitiate it 
3 to render it much less potent in causing disease. 
In a stable it is hardly possible to have too much of it, 
and while it should not be allowed to strike directly in the 
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