356 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
these nodules consisted of compact bony tissue ; the sub¬ 
cutaneous connective tissue in the vicinity of these nodules 
was thickened, the muscular layer, on the contrary, atro¬ 
phied.— Oest. Rev. Thierhlk. 
CONGENITAL CURVATURE OF THE CERVICAL SPINE IN A FOAL. 
Bayer reports a remarkable case of congenital curvature. 
The neck extended forward from the thorax almost horizon¬ 
tally to the level of the fourth cervical vertebra, then an 
acute kink or bend to the right and downward occurred so 
as to bring the nostrils almost on a line with the upper rim 
of the wall of the right hoof. The whole cervical spine 
showed in general a curvature to the right, which at its dor¬ 
sal end extended into the dorsal spine in such a way as to 
bend the latter also toward the right, and thus apparently 
shove the sternum considerably to the left The left half of 
the thorax was not only flattened but considerably drawn in. 
The facial lines presented a concavity to the left, and a con¬ 
vexity to the right. If the foal moved very leisurely it could 
walk straight forward, otherwise it veered off to the left. 
On attempting to seize fodder from above (rack) it had to 
adjust its head so as to turn the throat upwards and to the 
right, thus giving the neck a serpentine appearance. Bayer 
is of the opinion that this anomaly is the result of protracted 
abnormal position of the foetus during uterine life, a possi¬ 
bility referred to by Frank in his work on obstetrics.— 
Thierarzt. Woch. 
LOCAL ANAESTHESIA PRODUCED BY THE INJECTION 
OF WATER. 
Sleich describes a method of producing local anaesthesia 
by intra-cutaneous injection, water being the chief agent em¬ 
ployed, small proportions of other ingredients being used to 
modify its action. Lesions following the use of water alone 
are prevented by the addition of small proportions of ether 
and glycerine. The liquid is reduced to a low temperature. 
He recommends the following: Boiled distilled water, 6 
ounces; pure neutral glycerine, 3 ounces ; ether, 90 grains. 
