412 
JOHN FAUST. 
Arabian doctors describe anthrax fever as Persian Firo. 
Flezeray, 996 B. C., first used the designation Ignis St. Antonii. 
Johann Wierus describes in the second half of the 16th cent¬ 
ury different epidemics in Italy. At that time, the Senate of 
Venice forbade the selling of fyeef under penalty of death. 
Athanesius Kirchner describes in 1617 a disease among oxen,. ■ 
which passed to human beings, so that sixty thousand persons 
died of it. In 1662, anthrax of the tongue prevailed in violent 
form in Lyons, France—as also in France in 1710 and 1731. 
In 1690, according to Ramazzini, anthrax was prevalent 
in Padua among oxen and swine. In 1713, anthrax appeared 
in Germany, first near Augsburg, also in Hungary; 1733, in 
Poland, Schlesier, Saxony; and 1731 and 1757 in France, as 
gloss anthrax in carbuncle of the tongue among almost all 
domestic animals (horses, mules, cattle, sheep, swine, deer, 
dogs, chickens, fish), as well as among men; 1755 and 1761 in ? 
Franken; 1758 and 1759 in Finland and Russia; i774inGuad- 
aloupe (America). Chabert showed, in 1780, the similarity 
and unity of the different forms of anthrax fexer, which he 
named and classified. This classification, on the whole, has 
been maintained up to the present time. In 1805 Kausch 
published an excellent description of anthrax fever, in which, 
however, he denies its contagiousness. The epidemics of an- \i 
thrax fever in 1807, 1810, 1819 and 1827 are particularly to be ; 
mentioned. After that time a decrease may be reported. 
Anthrax among sheep was more especially investigated by 
Delafond and Gerlach (1845)—while Delafond does not rec¬ 
ognize the contagiousness of the disease, Gerlach proved it 
experimentally. In 1850, Heusinger published a complete 
report of anthrax fever, showing it historically and geograph¬ 
ically, in which he accepted anthrax as a malaria nearosa. 
The most important advancement in the study of anthrax was 
made in the second half of this century. In 1855 Pollendor 
published his observations, made in 1849, when he detected 
in the blood of diseased cattle an infinite number of small 
rods. Independent of this research, Davaine (Paris) also saw 
these rods in 1850, and Brauill (Dorpat) in 1857. Brauill also 
found these rods in the blood of diseased cattle during life, 
