SYMPTOMATIC ANTHRAX 
413 
and used them as a diagnostic and prognostic force, but he 
denied that they represented the anthrax poison. Only in 
1863, Davaine proclaimed them as the cause of anthrax fever 
and called them bacteria—immediately, however, a storm of 
opposition was raised. The first to call these rods barillas 
was Cohn, who also surmised the presence of dauersporen. 
To R. Koch credit must be given for having shown the 
development of dauersporen from the rods, and the transform¬ 
ation of the sporen to bacilli. He also purely bred the 
bacilli, and has given the biology of the bacillus anthracis. 
Of very great scientific and practical interest has been the 
preventive vaccination against anthrax fever, first introduced 
by Toussaint, and afterwards propagated by Pasteur and 
others. 
THE EXISTENCE OF ANTHRAX FEVER AND BLACKLEG IN THE 
UNITED STATES. 
Dr. J. Hall, of Falls City, Nebraska, writes under date of 
July 28th, 1895, that an outbreak of blackleg occurred on the 
farm of Mr. J. Siretity in April, 1895. They were young 
stock, being fatted for market, all about one and one-half 
years old, in fair condition. These cattle were bought in 
Kansas, Missouri and in Nebraska. It attacked the Kansas 
cattle first, the Missouri cattle next, and last the Nebraska 
cattle—twenty dead out of a herd of sixty. 
He further states of an outbreak of anthrax fever in 
horses, about eight miles from Falls City, in a drove of forty 
horses, out of which four died. The remaining number were 
placed on higher ground and better pasture. 
Dr. R. R. Dinwiddie, of Fayetteville, Arkansas, says there 
have been reported to him two outbreaks of blackleg, with 
small losses; also an outbreak of anthrax fever among mules 
some six years ago. 
Dr. Pearson, of Philadelphia, states that there have been 
from time to time outbreaks of anthrax and blackleg in the 
State of Pennsylvania, but never to a great extent or very 
serious. Blackleg appears occasionally in the western part 
Pennsylvania, and the doctor knows of ten localities where 
