ADDRESS. 
473 
lax the intestine in which the calculus is imprisoned. Drastic 
purgatives should not be employed as a rule, as their violent 
action may result disastrously, but if to be used at all, it 
should be done early, before the affected parts become paral¬ 
yzed and inflamed. 
Colic due to the ingestion of sand should be treated with 
a view to gently expelling the sand and allaying irritation of 
the bowels by means of moderate quantities of bland oil and 
demulcent gruels. 
In general, we would say, in all forms of colic see first that 
no remedy administered can in any probable manner exert 
an unfavorable influence upon any pathological condition 
present. We should always avoid, until we have clear evi¬ 
dence of their necessity, purgatives and agents which induce 
intestinal paralysis, and in all events avoid, if the action of 
either is desired, the combination of the two. It should be 
constantly remembered that purgatives are rarely directly 
necessary or advisable, but commonly necessitated, or sup¬ 
posed to be, by the improper use of opium, a drug which 
annually kills ten horses with abdominal diseases for each 
one it saves. 
ADDRESS 
TO THE ASSOCIATION OF VETERINARY FACULTIES 
OF NORTH AMERICA. 
By Prof. J. H. Wattles, V.S., Kansas City Veterinary College. 
I 
Mr. President and Gentlemen: 
While the subject of this address is ostensibly that of the 
results that have been obtained by prescribed entrance exam¬ 
inations, and as the subject is to-day largely prospective as far 
as my individual experience goes, my fellow members will 
pardon me if some digression is made, and some of the results 
considered that may be obtained by having positive and fixed 
lines for entrance examinations to be conducted upon, as well 
as some of the conditions that exist, and evils that might result, 
were each school allowed to act as its own censor in the mat¬ 
ter of matriculation and graduation. 
