EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
\ 
523 
stantly twisting round and so shortening it. Again, this will 
sometimes cause (in the dog) the animal to make attempts to 
hide itself. The next stage is uneasiness, followed by very 
violent clonic involuntary spasms of all the voluntary muscles 
of the body, particularly noticeable in those of the jaws and 
limbs. These spasms commence in from ten to twenty min¬ 
utes after an overdose has been given ; although, if a large 
toxic dose has been administered they will appear as soon as 
two or three minutes. The spasms occur about every 
fifteen seconds and rapidly exhaust the system ; the animal 
appears to be quite unconscious. 
9. Hypodermic injections of morphia or amyl-nitrite cer¬ 
tainly diminish the violence of the spasms, but are not ac¬ 
tual and safe antidotes. 
10. The effect on the respiratory centre is first to stimulate 
it, causing accelerations, then to depress and paralyze it. 
On the circulatory system the effect is not very violent, the 
pulse being only somewhat slightly increased in frequency ; 
the heart continues to beat for a short time after the respira¬ 
tory movements have ceased. 
11. On the brain and nervous system the effect is very 
marked, being first that of a stimulant and then that of a 
depressant and paralyzer. 
12. The action of the sensory nerves is much increased, 
whilst the effect on motor tracts is not to be forgotten. 
13. The effect on the body temperature.—Toxic doses very 
markedly increase the temperature, in some cases even as 
much as 3 or 4 degrees; this is not constant or persistent, as 
in some cases it will be observed that the temperature falls 
again, even below normal. 
14. 1 he effect on the pupil of the eye is that of a mydriatic, 
but unless a large dose be given the mydriatic effect is not 
very well marked in the dog ; in the cat it is much better 
seen. 
15. On the skin, its action in toxic doses is certainly that 
of a diaphoretic. 
16. On the salivary glands and the secretions of the mouth 
both medicinal and toxicological doses in the dog produce 
