582 
EXTRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
which are also found on the surface of the mitrale valve. 
Posterior to the liver, on the aorta, there is a tumor of the 
size of a child’s head, weighing about six pounds, with irreg¬ 
ular and rough surface and surrounded by peripherical infil¬ 
tration. This tumor is made of white fibrous tissue, and is 
in connection above with the aorta, the posterior vena cava, 
the inferior face of the right kidney, and downward with the 
base of the caecum and the origin of the floating colon. In 
its center there is an irregular cavity containing dark clots, 
but no strongyli. Cleared of its contents, it presents several 
openings, one communicating with the great mesentery and 
continued with the aorta; another opens in one of the arter¬ 
ies of the small intestine; and a third communicates with the 
floating colon by an opening imperfectly closed by a fibrous 
clot.— Ibid. 
ON THE BEST MEANS OF ANAESTHESIA FOR ANIMALS. 
By M. L. Guinard. 
In a long article published in the Journal of Zootechnie, the 
author, after considering under the different heads, first, the 
necessity to avoid as much as possible the anterior air pas¬ 
sages in the administration of chloroform, which is generally 
dangerous ; second, the mixed methods of atropine, morphine 
, and chloroform combined, or of morphine and chloral; third, 
the mixtures of ether and chloroform; fourth, etherization 
proper, which he considers as the chosen method for anaes¬ 
thesia, in saying that “ among the good processes of anesthesia 
known and used for animals, simple etherization is at the head 
as the most commendable, by its facility in use, its regular 
march, its innocuity, the rapid disappearance of its effects, 
and the habitual simplicity in its effects,” and having also 
mentioned the effects of ether and chloroform on animals suf¬ 
fering with heart or lung disease, concludes that outside of 
some special contra-indications, anaesthesia ought to be used 
in veterinary surgery a great deal more than it is, and 
especially for small animals; that complete is less dangerous 
than partial anaesthesia ; that there are two principal modes to 
produce it, by simple etherization, or by the mixed methods 
