EXIRACTS FROM EXCHANGES. 
587 
pus. This tumor was pressing upon the rectum and inter¬ 
fered with defecation. 
In the second case the same manipulations were carried 
out as far as the amputation, with the exception that to pre¬ 
vent the drawing in of the strings a wooden clamp was ap¬ 
plied back of the elastic ligature. This dropped out after 
seven days and the sow felt well all the time, raising a litter 
of seven young ones. 
To the application of the clamp the author attributes the 
success of the second operation and the prevention of the ir¬ 
ritation which gave rise to the formation of the abscess found 
in the first instance.— Ibid . 
GERMAN REVIEW. 
By W. V. Bieser, D.V.S. 
TETANUS TOXIN. 
An interesting paper by Nocard, the scope of which covers 
the sernm therapy of tetanus in veterinary medicine, is likely 
to cause ripe interest amongst the profession. In a clear and 
concise way he reminds his readers of the theory of serum 
therapy. As regards the poison of tetanus, he affirms the fol¬ 
lowing : In a guinea-pig the fatal dose is cm 3 .; in a strong 
horse, cm 3 . In the case of repeated injections at more or 
less frequent intervals of small doses of pure serum, or of 
serum heated to 65° or 70°, or combined with Gram solutions 
(slightly iodized), it is found that a time arrives during which 
the animal experimented upon can stand a comparatively 
large doze with impunity. Nocard could, in such cases, inject 
300 cm 3 into the jugular of a horse without toxic after-effects. 
How does the immunity set in? We know that the assertions 
of Behring and Kitasato, pupils of Koch, concerning this 
question are disputed by Roux. Whatever the hypothesis, 
the above facts remain true. 
Following is the result of the serum injections: 
1. Immunity invariablv sets in as a result of the serum 
injections. 
