772 
8. C. TREMAINE. 
extending to the foot. These swellings are very tense, and if 
punctured will emit a dark, bloody serum, gradually becom¬ 
ing straw-colored as it ceases to flow. Temperature in ex¬ 
ternal anthrax averages about 104^-°, pulse from 60. to 90, res¬ 
piration about normal; mucous membranes highly injected, 
and in some cases ecchymotic spots will be seen on the 
Schneiderian mucous membrane ; appetite as a rule good. 
Bowels generally constipated, animal generally succumbs in 
three to four days. 
Immediately after death the animal swells to an enormous 
size, the skin crepitates on pressure, this being due to the 
formation of gas in the subcutaneous areola tissue. On post¬ 
mortem the blood will be found almost black, very fluid, and 
does not clot. Extravasations into the sublumbar tissues are 
often found, the liver and spleen are found enlarged, and brok¬ 
en-down effusions are found in the thoracic and abdominal : 
cavities. The intestinal mucous membranes are in many 
cases highly congested and the intestines covered with petech- 1 
ial spots. I 
In the internal form of anthrax (splenic apoplexy), there 
are no premonitory symptoms, with the exception of a rise in 1 
temperature; animals apparently well an hour or two before, ! 
will die, and on post-mortem present all the symptoms of an¬ 
thrax. After death a bloody, purulent discharge escapes from 
the rectum (which is prolapsed), and in many cases from the 
nostrils. 
Cattle and mules seem more susceptible to the internal and 
more fatal form, and die suddenly. I was called on July 5th, 
1895, to treat a horse for Quincy Joselyn, at Newport; supposed 
the case to be purpura haemorrhagica, treated it for such, and 
animal made a speedy recovery. 
Was called to the same place on July 9th to see a bay 
horse, owned by Reuben Learning, suffering from sympto¬ 
matic anthrax ; oedematous swellings under the abdomen and 
the chest, legs also swollen ; treated this case the same as Jos- 
lyn s ; animal recovered in about fifteen days. Mr. Learning 
had previously lost a cow and a mule with symptoms of an- 
thrax he being the first to lose an animal with the disease in 
