VOL. XLIX. NO. 2 084. _ NEW YORK, J ANU ARY 4, i89o. 
PRICE, FIVE CENTS. 
$ 2.00 PER YEAR. 
Entered According to Act of Congress in the Year i8?o by the Rural New-Yorker, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.J 
Pjflini Ijusbomm). 
A VERMONT DAIRY FARM THAT IS 
“NOT FOR SALE.” 
L AST SPRING the R. N.-Y. printed 
some notes from the winners of the 
prizes offered at the meeting of the Vermont 
State Dairymen’s Association. Among 
others was a report from Mr. Stephen Hew¬ 
itt, of North Pomfret, who won the second 
prize for the best five-pound box of butter. 
Mr. Hewitt’s farm lies in a noted dairy sec¬ 
tion, several other winners at the meeting 
above referred to occupying farms near his. 
The R. N.-Y. has always been interested in 
Vermont dairying. In point of picturesque¬ 
ness and natural beauty there is no State 
in the Uuiou that can compare with Ver¬ 
mont, and her pastures and springs seem to 
have been specially fitted by nature for the 
production of first-class butter. The thou¬ 
sands of city people who annually spend 
their summer outing in Vermont, will 
insist upon receiving Vermont butter for 
winter’s use. Last summer the R. N.-Y’s. 
friend, W.W. Tracey, originally a Vermont 
man himself, made some photographs on 
the farm now occupied by Mr. Hewitt, and 
placed them at the R. N.-Y.’s disposal. We 
are glad to use them. Mauy of our Western 
readers trace back to old Vermont. Those 
who have never known the State intimately 
cannot help being pleased with the beauti¬ 
ful glimpses of trees, hills and meadows 
given in the picture. And not the least 
pleasure is found in presenting these pic¬ 
tures of a successful dairy farm at a time 
when such an organized effort is being 
made to advertise the disadvantages of New 
England farming. A friend, who knows 
the locality well, writes as follows con¬ 
cerning this farm : 
“ Pomfret, Vermont, was settled in 17T0, 
mostly by Connecticut people. Among the 
early settlers were John W. Dana and his 
wife Hannah P. Putnam, whose descen¬ 
dants are now scattered the world over. 
Mr. Dana settled on a large tract of land— 
probably 2,000 acres—just north of the cen¬ 
ter of the town. The accompanying views 
were taken from a farm of about 175 acres 
near the center of this tract. The house 
was built SO years ago ou the very spot se¬ 
lected by Mr. Dana for his first frame 
house. This farm—and the same is true of 
nearly all the farms in the vicinity—has, 
at various times, been devoted to nearly all 
the different branches of agriculture suited 
to this climate. There is a maple orchard 
of 800 trees from which 2,500 pounds of su¬ 
gar have been made in a single year. In 
the past about 250 sheep have been kept on 
the place and many fine horses have been 
raised, but for 25 or 30 years dairying has 
taken the lead. 
Mr. Stephen Hewitt, 'a descendant of 
John W. Dana, who now owns the farm, 
has a fine winter dairy of 25 Jersey cows 
with young stock to make the number 50 
or more. In 1876 a large dairy barn was 
built with a basement for manures, which 
with the grain feed purchased from the 
West has largely increased the productive¬ 
ness of the farm. The cows are fed with 
hay ami from four to six quarts of corn- 
meal and wheat-bran mixed in equal parts 
by bulk, given at two feeds. Great care is 
taken that the hay should be cut early in 
the season, and that the grain should be 
the best that the market affords. 
The cream is separated by the deep cold- 
water process—a Stoddard creamery being 
used—and is kept in a tempering _vat 
which will holdall the cream for one churn¬ 
ing. It is stirred frequently, and is ripened 
until slightly acid by raising the tempera¬ 
ture to 70 degrees 24 hours before churning. 
A Stoddard churn is used. The butter is 
washed in granular form and three-quarters 
of an ounce of salt per pound is added 
while it is being worked in a Waters 
worker. It is packed in five-pound square 
boxes and marketed in Providence, R. I., 
the same dealer having handled it for 10 
years. 
In view of all that is being written and 
said at the present time about ‘ abandoned 
farms in Vermont,’ it is interesting to note 
that this farm is by no means an excep¬ 
tional one, but is typical of mauy in this 
immediate vicinity, aud I believe, through¬ 
out the State, which have been occupied 
for several generations by the same fami¬ 
lies, and which are not for sale.” 
The pictures which accompany this 
sketch require but little explanation. Fig. 
1 shows the homestead from the back— 
the dairy barn which has proved such a 
valuable feature in the farm management 
is shown in the foreground. The hills and 
woods, so familiar to the eye of a Vermon¬ 
ter are seen sweeping away in the distance. 
A portion of the meadow is shown at Fig. 
2. This with its hillside and running 
stream will be recognized by hundreds of 
our readers, because it is typical of the 
well-ordered Vermont dairy farm. At 
Fig. 3 is shown the dairy-room with the 
churn on the porch. A glimpse of the front 
of the house through the trees, such as will 
always be found as the glory of the New 
England landscape, is shown at Fig. 4, 
while at Fig. 5 we have a view of a portion 
of the dairy herd. 
A MODEL CREAMERY. 
At Figures 6 and 7 we give perfect re¬ 
productions of photographs of the little 
building shown at the Paris Exposition as 
a typical American creamery building. 
In every detail this little building is a com¬ 
plete miniature of hundreds of creameries 
now in successful operation. The building 
is five feet long and 22 inches wide, with 14- 
inch posts. The following figures show 
the dimensions of the rooms : office SxlO 
inches, cream room 12x21 inches,work-room 
10x14 inches with 10-inch posts, cool room 
10x12 inches, (no partition between this 
and the refrigerator room), ice-house 10x12 
inches with refrigerator out of the corner. 
The implements comprise a Power but¬ 
ter-worker, five iuches in diameter, cream¬ 
tempering vat, 10 inches long and inches 
wide, Davis swing churn, 51^ inches long 
and 3X iuches wide, sink four inches long, 
1)4 inch wide and one inch deep, three 
water tanks from four to six inches long, 
engine 7>ri'x4)^ inches, fly-wheel 5>4 inches 
in diameter, cylinder four-eighths inch and 
stroke inch, and three little pulleys. 
This little engine made steam and ran 
the machinery as evenly as it is done in the 
largest creamery. In fact, the whole thing 
was a perfect model and a surprisingly ac¬ 
curate piece of mechanism. A creamery 65 
x25 feet with an L in rear side for boiler and 
engine 15x12 feet, on the exact plan of this 
model, can be built for $600 to $1,500, the 
price varying with the cost of the lumber 
in the section where it is built and the 
style of finish. 
<l\)t JXoullnj IJavTX 
Glass in the Poultry House 
W HERE? 
SOUTH versus EAST AND WEST. 
AMOUNT OF GLASS NEEDED. 
“Where do you want the glass in 
your poultry house i Some of our read¬ 
ers want all on the south side; others 
want it on the east and west sides, thus 
securing, as they think, less intense 
heat but a longer continuance of it 
during the day. “ No roasting by day 
and freezing by night,’ is their state¬ 
ment. Will you he kind enough to 
tell us what your experience in this 
matter is i ” 
FROM P. H. JACOBS. 
Our poultrymen here face their houses to 
the southeast, which allows the rays of the 
sun to come in as soon as the sun rises. 
There is no method of securing the warmth 
during the whole day unless more than 
one window is used. With only one win¬ 
dow, and a deep poultry house, the fowls 
should be comfortable, both day and night. 
Light is very important, for unless there is 
plenty of it the fowls will not remain in¬ 
side. For a house 10 by 10 feet a green¬ 
house sash, three by six feet, is about 
correct. In winter too much warmth will 
not result. The wood absorbs heat during 
the day, and assists, (with the animal heat) 
to prevent freezing at night. There is no 
mode of avoiding loss of some heat at 
night by radiation, but partially to avoid 
it, a few here use a burlap curtain, which 
is lowered on cold nights. If the window 
is on the south side the sun will not have 
effect until nine o’clock. If the house faces 
east and west more than one window must 
be used. Early iu the morning is the time 
when the hens need the warmth of the sun 
most. 
Hammonton, N. J. 
FROM C. E. L. HAYWOOD. 
Most readers will no doubt be surprised 
when I tell them that I use no glass in my 
poultry houses. I have 4,000 hens and 
A VERMONT MEADOW, Fig. 2. 
A VERMONT DAIRY FARM. Fig' 1. 
