i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
A MODEL LEASE IN WESTERN 
NEW YORK. 
LeASK made between James E. Brown, 
lessor, and William J. Smith, lessee, this 
15th day of March, 1890. In consideration 
of the rents and covenants hereinafter con¬ 
tained said lessor has and does hereby de¬ 
mise and lease to said lessee the farm of 
said lessor, situate in the town of Oakland, 
New York, known as the “Alton Farm,” 
containing 150 acres of land, more or less, 
with the privileges and appurtenances for 
and during the term of three years from 
the first day of A.pril 1890, which term will 
end March 31. 1893. 
In consideration whereof said lessee cov¬ 
enants and agrees with said lessor, that 
he will occupy, till, and in all respects cul¬ 
tivate said lands’during the term aforesaid 
in a workmanlike manner. He will not 
commit any waste or damage, or suffer any 
to be done. He will keep the fences and 
buildings on said premises in as good re¬ 
pair as he finds them, reasonable wear and 
damage by the elements excepted. (Said 
lessor to furnish all materials therefor). 
He is to do, or cause to be done, all neces¬ 
sary work and labor in and about the culti¬ 
vation of said premises. He will deliver 
to said lessor or his order and draw to mar¬ 
ket one equal half of all the proceeds and 
crops produced on said premises during 
said term and within a reasonable time 
after the same shall have been gathered 
and harvested. He is to have all of the 
products of the garden for his own use. He 
is to have fire wood for one fire. He is to 
have the privilege of pasturing two cows 
on said farm, and of feeding them in winter 
out of the undivided products of the farm, 
also of keeping and feeding from the undi¬ 
vided products of coarse fodder, hay and 
straw, such a number of horses as may be 
necessary to run said farm. He is to feed 
said work-horses out of his grain, and in 
the winter only three horses are to be kept 
in the barn, the others are to run in the 
yard. 
He is to keep 25 hens, to be kept in the 
hennery, and fed from the undivided pro¬ 
ducts. He is to mow all weeds along the 
fences in the cultivated fields. He is to cut 
all thistles and noxious weeds before they 
go to seed, growing on the farm or high¬ 
ways belonging to said farm, and he is to 
weed the mustard out of all oat and barley 
fields. He is to trim the orchards annually. 
He is to pick and prepare for market, in a 
careful manner, all winter fruit (each party 
hereto paying half the cost of barrels), he to 
pick up and draw to the mill ail cider ap 
pies (the cider to be divided like other pro¬ 
ducts). He is to have the surplus pasturage 
and half the surplus grain and fodder fed 
out on said farm. He is to bear half the ex¬ 
pense of all stock purchased for the purpose 
of feeding, when the same is put in yard or 
pasture. He shall allow no hogs to run on 
the farm except with rings in their noses. 
He is to draw all fencing materials and ma¬ 
terials for repairing buildings deemed nec¬ 
essary by said lessor from the nearest rail¬ 
road station. He is to build, in a workman¬ 
like manner, not exceeding 20 rods of board 
fence annually (said lessor to furnish the 
materials). He is to lay over, stake and cap 
in like manner not exceeding 80 rods of rail 
fence annually. He is to draw out and ap¬ 
ply, where deemed necessary by said lessor, 
all manure from all barns and yards. He is 
to pay all ordinary school taxes and all 
highway taxes assessed on said lands, said 
lessor to pay all other taxes. He is not to 
allow stock to run in the highway and is to 
enforce the law relating thereto. He is not 
to allow smoking in or about the barns. He 
is to take good care of the dwelling-house 
and surroundings, and keep all sprouts and 
noxious weeds cut in the yard and around 
the same. He is to clear the throats of all 
under-drains and ditches, especially in the 
spring, and if there are any small difficul¬ 
ties in such ditches, he is to remedy them, 
and he is to board all help employed for the 
necessary repairing of ditches. He is to 
board all help employed for the necessary 
repairing of buildings. He is to repair all 
stone-wall needing repairing, and where 
old stakes are gone in rail fences new ones 
are to be inserted, and he will not assign 
this lease or let or underlet said premises 
or any part thereof. 
The said lessor hereby covenants and 
agrees with said lessee that he will find one 
equal half of all seed or seeds to be sown on 
said lands, and to furnish one equal half of 
all fertilizers to be used on said premises 
(said lessee to find the other one-half.) He 
is to become the joint~owner_of all calves 
189 
dropped from the cows kept on said lands 
by the lessee. He is to find half the hogs 
placed on said premises and to have half 
the income and profit thereof. He is to be¬ 
come the joint owner of all the colts 
dropped from the mares kept on said lands 
by the lessee, and, further, he agrees to 
pay half the service of horse (said lessee 
paying the other half and half the colt or 
colts to belong to the lessee.) It is under¬ 
stood that in case said lessor should sell 
said farm before the expiration of this 
lease, the said lessee will on 60 days’ notice, 
give quiet and peaceable possession of the 
same at the expiration of any year, on pay¬ 
ment to him of a reasonable compensation 
for the damages he may have sustained 
thereby, and’ should any dispute arise re¬ 
garding such compensation, the same shall 
be fixed by two competent persons, one 
chosen by the lessor and the other by the 
lessee, and these two shall have power to 
name another, an umpire, whose decision 
shall be binding on both parties. It is 
further understood that all hay and straw 
raised on said farm shall be fed out thereon. 
The said lessee covenants that at the expir¬ 
ation of said term he will surrender up 
said premises to said lessor in as good con¬ 
dition as now, necessary wear and damage 
by the elements excepted. In case any hay 
or corn-stalks are left on said premises at 
the expiration of this lease, said lessee is to 
have the privilege of selling his one-half of 
the same off from the farm. The lessee is 
to have the privilege of sowing the usual 
number of acres of winter wheat on said 
farm the last year of the term, the same is 
to be sown, harvested and divided, subject 
to the foregoing conditions, and the lessee 
is to have possession of the land so sown, 
for the purpose of so harvesting and secur¬ 
ing the offgoing crop. And, lastly, it is 
agreed by and between the parties to this 
lease, that the lessor shall have the general 
supervision of the premises occupied and 
tilled by the lessee during said term. 
In witness whereof the parties hereto 
have hereunto and hereunder set their 
hands and seals the day and year first 
above written. 
Witness .tames e. brown. 
CHARLES C. CALLOW. WILLIAM. .1 SMITH. 
A CHANCE FOR ENTERPRISING 
YOUNG MEN. 
THE R. N.-Y. has frequently spoken of 
the chances open to enterprising young 
farmers as managers on the estates of 
wealthy men. There are hundreds of men 
who stand ready to supply any reasonable 
capital for farm purposes if they can feel 
sure of obtaining intelligent and faithful 
managers. Last year a well-known mer¬ 
chant said that he would buy, on specula¬ 
tion, as many farms as he could find cap¬ 
tains to manage and there are many more 
like him. The R. N.-Y. believes that young 
farmers might find profitable employment 
on these farms as managers. There are 
many graduates of our agricultural col¬ 
leges who ought to prove useful to men of 
wealth and taste who are ready to back en¬ 
ergy and ability with abundant capital. 
These remarks will serve as an introduc¬ 
tion to the following letter just received 
from a friend in North Carolina. It illus¬ 
trates another method that will enable 
some trustworthy and careful young men 
to work into a profitable business. 
“ I must lease or rent my farm and the 
herd of Jersey cattle. My idea is that one 
or two young men who would like to go In¬ 
to the dairy business should take possession 
of the farm, cattle, grain and provender, 
farming utensils, etc., etc., and pay me 
money rent. I have on hand 87 registered 
Jersey cows and heifers, the latter being all 
over one year old, and two little heifer 
calves, besides eight good grade Jerseys. 
My two bulls are Tabasco, a grandson 
of Tormentor, and Signal, and Prim¬ 
rose Bachelor, a pure St. Lambert. 
Twenty-five of the cows will be in milk ere 
long: a few are in milk now and the others 
will come in soon. I have 80 acres of rich 
bottom land and 50 acres of hill-side— 
thinner land that will bring good clover 
and grass—and 400 acres in wood. I want 
to reserve my garden and one cow; every¬ 
thing else will be given up to the control of 
the renter. I have a pair of farm horses, 
wagons, horse-power to run a Ross cutter 
for putting up silage, two silos, a cob and 
corn crusher, plows, harrows, etc., etc. 
I have'no outside house, but will give one 
room of my dwelling and one room of the 
kitchen and furnish the bed-room. I will 
allow all the calves born to belong to the 
renter. I value my farm at $10,000. 
Two working young men could, I think, 
make'money by taking hold right now »Dd 
going on with the farm and a dairy this 
spring. I can sell all the butter at from 
25 to 30 cents the year around. There are 
plenty of pans, a Stoddard churn and a but¬ 
ter-press. I will lease the farm for ODe, two 
or three years, but at the end of that term 
the same number of cows and the same 
quantity of grain, provender, etc., must be 
given up to me. I would want the rent we 
agree upon, to be paid every six months, 
and the farm, etc., given up at the same 
period of the year at which it may be taken. 
EFFECTS OF THE COLD WEATHER. 
The “ cold wave” of last week slipped 
by our Singal Service people and came 
upon us unawares. Dairymen worked 
early and late to secure a supply of ice 
while the cold weather lasted. A quantity 
of ice four inches thick was secured near 
the R. N.-Y. farm. It was cut in large 
cakes which were frozen together in the 
ice-house. It is 'believed that the ice will 
keep better for this freezing though it will 
be a difficult matter to dig it out. Reports 
from the fruit districts are coming in 
slowly. It is the general belief that peaches 
have been seriously injured. Reports from 
Western New York and Michigan are not 
encouraging, though there is no definite 
information yet at hand. Considerable 
damage was done in the truck-growing 
districts at the South where a low 
estimate puts the loss of early vegetables 
and strawberries at 25 per cent. Reports 
from Mississippi indicate that the Le Conte 
Pears and the plums have been seriously 
injured. Mr. G- S. Palmer is in communi¬ 
cation with a large number of truckers and 
shippers in different parts of the South, and 
informs us that, with the exception of some 
particular localities which were sheltered 
by lakes or otherwise, the devastation is 
widespread, extending nearly to the south¬ 
ern part of Florida. Cabbages are the only 
crop uninjured. One man in South Carolina 
who had planted several hundred barrels of 
potatoes, and who had the finest stand he 
ever saw, reported them killed to the 
ground. This is but a sample of many 
similar reports on all kinds of truck. Some 
of it may recover somewhat, but it will not 
make a full crop, and must necessarily be 
made much later. Meanwhile those who 
are shipping from Key West, Bermuda and 
other southerly points will reap'the benefit 
of higher prices. 
CAPACITY OF PACKAGES. 
VEGETABLES. 
The question of how much a barrel, box, 
crate, or sack really holds, often vexes the 
prospective shipper of produce, and he is at 
a loss to know the proper size or style of 
package in which to ship his crop so that it 
will sell to the best advantage. Does the 
market demand a certain style of package 
in which certain crops must be sent or 
suffer depreciation in price in consequence ? 
This is an important question, and this and 
similar ones have been asked the R. N.-Y. 
repeatedly. Mr. G. S. Palmer, 166 Reade 
Street, this city, informs us that nearly 
every locality has a style and size of pack¬ 
age peculiar to itself, and that the regular 
shippers from these points understand 
perfectly what is meant by the different 
terms used in market reports. Cabbages, 
cauliflowers, lettuce and sometimes egg¬ 
plants, when quoted by the crate, are gener¬ 
ally in barrel crates, that is, in crates hold¬ 
ing a barrel. Beets, green peas, string 
beans, tomatoes, onions, and some other 
articles sold in crates, usually run about a 
bushel to the crate. But the size of a 
bushel crate varies according to the local¬ 
ity from which it comes. The smallest 
come from Bermuda, and as the season 
advances and shipments arrive successively 
from Florida, Savannah, Charleston and 
Norfolk, the size gradually increases, Nor¬ 
folk sending the largest. From Charleston 
large numbers of octagonal crates are for¬ 
warded. While not holding, apparently, 
so much as the rectangular ones, they have 
the added advantage that they cannot be 
packed so closely together, thus insuring a 
better circulation of air in transit. Toma¬ 
toes from Bermuda come in boxes holding, 
perhaps a peck; each tomato wrapped in 
paper. The crates from some localities, 
notably Key West, betoken a scarcity of 
package materials, as some of them look 
very shabby. Some of our inquirers ask if 
the different prices quoted for some pro¬ 
ducts arise from different sized packages; 
for instance, to-day Florida tomatoes are 
quoted $1.50 to $3.50 per crate. While the 
size of the crates may have a little to do 
with this, our inquirer would see very 
quickly if he would look over the^tomatoes 
arriving in market, what is the chief cause 
of the difference. It is the quality of the 
goods generally. Other things being equal, 
neat, clean packages presenting an attract¬ 
ive appearance, sell best. Prime goods, 
packed in a slovenly manner, sometimes 
sell for lower prices than inferior goods 
attractively put up. 
The barrels coming to this market are of 
innumerable kinds and sizes. Produce 
neatly packed in round-hooped barrels sells 
best. Potatoes in bulk when sold by the 
barrel, call for 180 pounds. Some dealers 
say those in barrels should weigh the same, 
but this is impossible because very few bar¬ 
rels will hold that amount, and 165 pounds 
are generally accepted. The Scotch potatoes 
in sacks weigh about 168 pounds per sack. 
Bermuda and Florida potatoes come in the 
ordinary round-hooped barrels, and weigh 
about 165 pounds per barrel. Onions, tur¬ 
nips, carrots, squash, kale, spinach, etc., 
usually come in the ordinary barrels. A 
new kind of ventilated barrel made of a sort 
of thin, splint-like stuff is much used for 
kale, spinach and similar light products, 
but it is not strong enough for heavy goods 
like potatoes. The shipper, to secure the 
best results, should strive to put his pro¬ 
duce in clean, neat packages, have it well- 
graded and marked for just what it is. If 
he should happen to send it in packages 
above the ordinary size, it would probably 
sell for a higher price proportionately, other 
things being equal. Strong efforts have 
been made by the retail dealers of this city 
to compel the sale by weight of all vegeta¬ 
bles, but the effort has thus far been de¬ 
feated. It would seem at first thought that 
this is the best way to sell this class of 
goods, but with the amount and character 
of truck coming to this market it is simply 
impracticable. It would be impossible un¬ 
der existing conditions to handle the pro¬ 
duce. 
-- 
THE HORSE SALES. 
The sales of trotting horses, that have 
been held in this city during the past 10 
days have created quite a little interest 
among horsemen. Prices have given gen¬ 
eral satisfaction in most instances, though 
individual animals were frequently sold 
for less than their estimated values. These 
auction sales were conducted in such a 
manner that customers have confidence in 
the honesty of the bids. P. C. Kellogg & 
Co., have built up an enviable reputation 
for fair dealing. When they offer horses 
for sale customers know what their repre¬ 
sentations mean. The animals offered at 
these sales were from large stock iarms, 
several of them in California. These 
auction sales are liked because buyers are 
enabled to come to some central point and 
compare animals. Prices, too, generally 
run lower than those asked at the farm. 
The animal bringing the highest price was 
Alcazar (2:20)^) by Sultan, price $25,000. 
Other high prices were paid for the follow 
ing: Voodoo, $24,100; Zoraya by Guy 
Wilks, $13,100; Reverie by Alcazar, $10,000 ; 
Nellie May by Electioneer, $S,100; Gold 
Leaf by Sidney, $8,000; Erect by Director, 
$5,000; Feroline by Kentucky Prince, $3,500. 
NOTES. 
A Potato Sorter.— We have been send¬ 
ing potato sorters to all parts of the land 
within the last three years. We have never 
advertised ours separately from our digger 
as few want a sorter unless they have a 
digger also, and we usually get orders 
for the sorter from all our digger custom¬ 
ers by calling attention to it in our circu¬ 
lars. We hope no one will attempt to build 
the “Hoover” sorter or the one described 
by Mr. J. H. Warn in his description of his 
farm tools; for we have a very good United 
States patent on it. Mr. Warn received 
consent from us to build his sorter himself. 
A good feature of our sorter is that it will 
“ sprout ” the potatoes at the same time it 
sorts them This is done “ slick and clean,” 
where the sprouts are not over two inches 
long; but when they are four to six inches 
long they are tough and it is slower work 
to get rid of them. We don’t want to goto 
Canada for what we can get at home. 
HOOVER & PROUT. 
Considerable has been said about a 
fruit gatherer invented by a farmer in 
Western New York. It seems to be quite 
a practical affair. It is a large canvas af¬ 
fair with a stout frame which opens and 
shuts like an umbrella. When open it can 
be pushed under the tree and the apples, 
when shaken into it, run down through an 
opening to a basket. It seems as though 
this.might work well. 
