i89o 
THE RURAL NFW-YORKER 
199 
EIGHT INCHES DEEP. 
Plot 4 at the rate of 202 bushels per acre. 
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“ 185 
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14 
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“ 230 
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19 
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“ 96 
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24 
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“ 170 
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Or an average of 177 bushels to the acre. 
TEN INCHES DEEP. 
Plot 5 at the rate of 95 bushels per acre. 
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“ 187 
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15 
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“ 154 
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“ 202 
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25 
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“ 102 
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Or an average of 148 bushels to the acre. 
Averaged according to yield we have. 
Two inches.226 bushels 
Four “ 220 “ 
Six “ 185 
Eight “ 177 “ 
Ten “ 148 
The yield decreased as the depth of the 
trenches increased. 
The results of the trial on the same plot 
in 1S88 are given below for comparison. 
The weather during that season was mod¬ 
erately dry and favorable. The weather of 
last year was the wettest ever known : 
Ten Inches.311 bushels. 
Eight “ .338 
Four “ .371 “ 
The same experiment will be repeated 
the present year—the fourth of the series. 
lets, two of the plants in the drills being 
over six feet high. The heads are especially 
long, many measuring 14 inches in length, 
and one being found which was 17 inches 
long. The leaves are few, coarse and 
acute. Seed sown April 20, was ripe Au¬ 
gust 26, a little later than German Millet, 
and about one week later than Common 
Millet. 
Opinions of Dealers.— The following are 
a few expressions of opinion from seedsmen 
upon the subject: J. C. Vaughan, of 
Chicago, writes that he considers Westers, 
millet seed superior to Eastern. The Plant 
Seed Co., of St. Louis, considers Western 
millet seed as good as Southern. John A. 
Salzer, of LaCrosse, Wisconsin, claims 
superiority for nearly all Northern-grown 
seed, and especially for his Dakota-grown 
German Millet seeds. I notice that A. 
W. Livingston’s Sons, Columbus, Ohio, 
say in their catalogue : “ It had been fully 
established that German Millet grown in 
the Northern and Western States becomes 
deteriorated, and soon resembles Foxtail, 
in quality and yield. This is due to the 
fact that German Millet is a native of a 
warm climate. At the South it is planted 
in drills and cultivated, with the view of 
getting the best results in quality and 
quantity of seed. This seed is worth double 
Northern or Western seed.” The Albert 
Dickinson Seed Co., of Chicago, write that 
“German Millet raised North, eventually 
changes its charac¬ 
ter. The Southern- 
grown seed is the 
best, or at least is 
most salable.” 
Germination.— 
The plots of Com¬ 
mon Millet, Hun¬ 
garian, and Golden 
Millet were exam¬ 
ined at the time of 
coming up, to note 
which germinated 
best. The seeds 
range in size in the 
above order, those 
of Common Millet 
being largest. It 
was found that the 
Hungarian germin¬ 
ated much more 
quickly and uni¬ 
formly than the 
Golden Millet, and 
the Common Millet 
a little better still. 
Owing to the dry¬ 
ness of the soil, 
parts of the first 
planting of the Gol¬ 
den Millet failed to 
germinate until af¬ 
ter a rain which 
occured two weeks 
after planting. For 
a considerable time 
the size of the 
plants .was in pro¬ 
portion to that of 
the seed, the plants 
of Golden Millet 
being then the 
smallest. 
AN EARTH CLOSET. 
per cent, of the crop was rotten. In this 
respect we could not see that there was any 
difference in different trenches or in differ¬ 
ent parts of the field. Fractions are all 
omitted. 
TWO INCHES DEEP. 
Plot 1 at the rate of 139 bushels per acre. 
From Nature. 
Fig. 61. 
6 “ “ “ “ 235 
11 “ “ “ “ 190 
16 “ “ “ “ 297 
21 “ “ “ “ 231 
36 “ “ “ “ 264 
Or an average of 226 bushels to the acre. 
FOUR INCHES DEEP. 
Plot 2 at the rate of 235 bushels per acre. 
“ 7 “ “ “ “ 146 “ “ “ 
“ 12 “ “ “ “ 315 “ “ “ 
“ 17 “ “ “ “ 154 “ “ “ 
“ 22 “ “ “ “ 249 “ “ “ 
Or at the rate of 220 bushels to the acre. 
SIX INCHES DEEP. 
Plot 3 at the rate of 139 bushels per acre. 
“ 8 “ “ “ “ 264 “ “ “ 
“ 13 “ “ “ “ 167 “ “ “ 
“ 18 “ “ “ “ 210 “ “ “ 
“ 23 “ “ “ “ 146 “ “ “ 
Or at the rate of 185 bushels to the acre. 
A STUDY OF MILLET— Continued. 
a. A. CROZIER. 
Golden Wonder. —This variety origin¬ 
ated in Minnesota a few years ago, and was 
generally distributed for the first time the 
past season. It is said by the introducers— 
the Northrup.Braslan & Goodwin Company, 
Minneapolis—to be an artificial cross, 
produced by a farmer of that State, be¬ 
tween Hungarian and German Millet. 
Both the latter varieties they say had been 
carefully cultivated and selected for three 
years, previous to making the cross, by 
which time the heads of each variety at¬ 
tained a great size. The seed of Golden 
Wonder closely resembles that of German 
Millet, and from the appearance of the 
variety as grown on the station grounds 
the past season, it would seem possible for 
it to have been developed from German 
Millet by selection only. It is not intermed¬ 
iate between that variety and Hungarian, 
but it is taller, less leafy, and has larger 
heads than even German Millet. Seeds 
were obtained from three different seeds¬ 
men, including the introducers above 
named, and the results from the three lots 
of seed were the same. The plants are not 
entirely uniform iu character, but the 
variety is characterized by a taller, stouter 
growth than that of any of the other mil¬ 
Hulled Seeds.— 
In the Hungarian 
Grass there is aL 
ways a part of the seeds which have 
lost their hulls in thrashing. In one 
sample,—that from Dreer, of Philadelphia 
—these were 25 per cent, of the whole. A 
quantity of the hulled seeds was placed 
in soil in the greenhouse, but none of them 
germinated. In a seed tester two per cent, 
germinated feebly. 
Weight per Bushel.— Following is the 
legal weight per bushel of the seeds of the 
three leading varieties of millet in a num¬ 
ber of States, and the commercial weight, 
as established by several prominent seeds¬ 
men. It will be seen that in the majority 
of cases, the weight is for Hungarian Grass, 
48 pounds, for German Millet and Common 
Millet, each 50: 
Iowa 
Kansas 
Kentucky 
Maryland 
Michigan 
Nebraska 
Ohio 
Virginia 
Henderson & Co.. N. Y., 
Johnson & Stokes, Phil¬ 
adelphia, Pa., 
phia. Pa.. 
DeForest. Ely & Co., 
adelphla. Pa., 
A. W. Livingston's Sous, 
Columbus, Ohio. 
J. C. Vaughan, Chic; 
Ill., 
Plant Seed Co., St.Louis, 
Mo., 
Rep. U. S. Dept. Ag , 1880, p. 227 
HUNGARIAN 
GERMAN 
COMMON 
GRASS. 
MILLET. 
MILLET. 
45 
45 
50 
50 
50 
50 
48 
50 
50 
50 
60 
40 
50 
50 
48 
50 
48 
48 
48 
50 
45 
i 
48 
45 
45 
4S 
50 
50 
48 
50 
50 
' 48 
50 
50 
(To be Continued.) 
end hidden from view about two feet of 
space are partitioned off, making a large 
box for holding dry earth or muck. As we 
have it, we use the latter. This box will 
hold enough for a year’s use, so it can be 
filled during a dry time in summer. The 
seat is on the back side, and the bottom of 
the earth box is on a level with it, and 
is left open a few inches above the bottom so 
one can handily get the muck with a small 
hand shovel. As it is used, of course, more 
falls down. A shelf projecting out a few 
inches prevents the earth from falling on 
the floor. The seat has hiDges at the back 
side and lifts up. The floor extends across 
under the seat, so that the space beneath is 
all tight. Under the seat, standing on the 
floor, are tall pails of galvanized iron, with 
heavy handles that fall over the outside of 
the pails when not in use. To make them 
last longer they were painted. One of them 
was shown last fall in the picture of the 
tools we use. They are slightly larger at 
the top than at the bottom. When they 
need emptying we carry them, in summer, 
to the covered barnyard, (the handles are 
always clean, as they are over on the out¬ 
side), spread the contents and throw some 
horse manure over the stuff. Muck having 
been used freely, the manure is not un¬ 
pleasant to handle. Two fields come to¬ 
gether at the corner of the yard where the 
earth-closet stands, and in the winter we 
can usually empty the pails directly into 
one or the other of 
them. If the pails 
must be carried 
out in a cold spell, 
a little hot water 
from the kitchen is 
taken out in a pail 
slightly larger than 
the ones used in 
the closet. By let¬ 
ting them stand in 
the hot water a mo¬ 
ment the contents 
slip out readily. 
With proper care 
this building could 
safely be placed 
close to the door, 
or even in a corner 
of the wood-shed; 
but our folks pre¬ 
ferred to have it 
placed two or three 
rods from the 
kitchen door, as 
there is a dry walk 
to it, thoroughly 
protected from 
wind by evergreen 
trees. There is a 
sort of natural fit- 
nessof thingswhich 
it is hard to forget. 
Possibly you may 
see our clothes-line 
wires, which start 
from the tree and 
extend some dis¬ 
tance in this shel¬ 
tered corner. The 
evergreens keep the 
wind from injuring 
the clothes and 
make it safer for 
the person hanging 
them out. She is 
not so liable to take 
cold. However, in bad weather we hang 
clothes indoors. 
The writer would feel well repaid for 
making public his private affairs if this ar¬ 
ticle aud picture should cause one person 
here aud there to notice how bare and sug¬ 
gestive many outbuildings are, and to set 
out some trees and shrubs and transform 
this necessary place into a pleasant nook. 
Do this for the sake of looks and refine¬ 
ment. But adopt some form of an earth- 
closet partly for decency’s sake, but mainly 
that a death may not be laid at your door. 
For a time there was not much danger; 
but on mauy old farms the earth beneath 
the privies has become so saturated that 
the danger point may be just at hand. Do 
not take the risk for another day. If you 
fail to attend to this matter, in spite of all 
warnings, and sickness and death come to 
your home, at least own up like a man that 
it was your own fault, and do not lay the 
blame on Providence. 
Summit County, O. 
Clover forever 1 I shall always have a 
fair proportion of ground in clover. I believe 
that clover with me will pay handsomely. I 
shall always have it growing as a crop for 
my cattle, poultry, aud soil. 1 consider 
clover a wonderful plant. The soil here 
needs to be fed ; but no land anywhere re¬ 
sponds more readily to good treatment. 
Brentwood, L. I. h. h. h. 
fvam the itutal (grounds. 
RESULTS OF PLANTING POTATOES 
IN TRENCHES OF DIFFERENT 
DEPTHS. THIRD YEAR. 
As in years past the Rural Blush w as the 
variety used—a late potato which straggles 
considerably. The trenehes were dug a 
foot wide and from two to 10 inches deep. 
At the rate of 1,000 pounds to the acre of 
the Mapes Potato Fertilizer was evenly 
strewn in the trenches after the seed-pieces 
were lightly covered with soil. In the case 
of the two-inch trenches, it was sown after 
the trenches were filled and raked in. The 
soil of these plots, as has been stated, while 
naturally variable, was made exceedingly 
so by grading, the soil from the higher por¬ 
tions having been carted to the lower parts. 
It varies from a sandy loam to a stiff clay, 
all of it so poor that crops can not be raised 
without manure or fertilizers. It has 
never received any manure in so far as we 
have been able to learn—not within the 
past 17 years to our positive knowledge. 
The vines were all injured more or less by 
flea-beetles and blight and a considerable 
