i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
237 
Business. 
The latest editions of the best cook 
books give directions for preserving 
milk and cream. There is no secret 
process about it; it is the same as 
that employed by the housewife in 
canning fruits and vegetables. The 
milk or cream is placed in jars or 
cans, heated nearly to the boiling 
point, vented and carefully sealed. 
This product is said to be better in 
every way than condensed milk. The 
R. N.-Y. has in its possession a bottle 
of milk that is warranted to keep 
sweet one year. It was taken from 
cows that had been fed on the best of 
hay and grain. While yet warm from 
the cow, it was filtered through thick 
blotting paper, then heated in the 
bottle, vented and heated again. This 
milk is prepared especially for the use 
of children and invalids, though there 
seems no doubt that if it were sup- 
E lied in sufficient quantities, it could 
e made to largely take the place of 
condensed milk. In this city alone 
3,000,000 gallons of milk are yearly re¬ 
quired by children and invalids. 
There can be no doubt that this ster¬ 
ilized and bottled product would 
prove far more healthful for these two 
classes of consumers than the milk 
sold by the average milkman, and 
patrons would be willing to pay an 
extra price for it 
when sold under 
a trade-mark. 
There is a chance 
here for a profit¬ 
able industry. 
Many a cheese- 
making commu¬ 
nity that is now 
barely existing 
on the profits of 
cheap cheese 
might double its 
income by sup¬ 
plying ‘ ‘ steriliz¬ 
ed” milk. There 
is nothing in the 
word “sterilized” 
that need fright¬ 
en anybody. 
“Sterilized” milk 
is simply milk 
heated to a high 
temperature and 
then placed m 
a perfectly seal¬ 
ed receptacle so that 
excluded. The heating 
bacteria already in the 
the exclusion or the air prevents the 
entrance of more bacteria. These bac¬ 
teria are the minute, living germs 
which cause the milk to decompose. 
“ We use the Livingston’s Favorite, Per¬ 
fection and Paragon. The best soil is a 
medium light loam, not too light or very 
heavy. It should be enriched with about 
25 large two-horse wagon Joads of stable 
manure per acre, applied broadcast. The 
prospect for the business is very dark and 
the stocks on hand, compared with those 
held at this time in several seasons past, 
are heavy.” 
“We prefer the Fink and Paragon. We 
think a loamy soil the best and the manure 
should be plowed in. A light application of 
fertilizer at the first hoeing is beneficial. 
The ground should be kept mellow with the 
cultivator, and the vines should be slight¬ 
ly hilled at the last hoeing. Medium¬ 
sized tomatoes are the best for our pur¬ 
pose. The outlook is discouraging and 
stocks are about the same as at this season 
in past years; at any rate the market 
appears to be well supplied.” 
“Any solid, bright red-colored tomato is 
good for canning. I use the Paragon, Per¬ 
fection and Favorite varieties. What sort 
of land will prove best will depend on the 
season; but generally a rather heavy soil 
will produce the best-colored tomatoes. It 
should be enriched with barnyard manure, 
with fish pomace or some other special 
manure. I prefer large to small tomatoes; 
but the first requisites are color and solidi¬ 
ty. The canning business is largely over¬ 
done in all its branches and the prospect is 
five bearing Idahos in existence—the original 
seedling, and four trees that were grafted 
some years ago, but we have a number of 
young trees coming into bearing. From 
grafts we sent out two and three years ago 
the Idaho is expected to bear this coming 
season at the University of California, and 
with Prof. Budd at the State College of Iowa 
as well as in Missouri, Ohio, Arkansas, 
Louisiana and possibly New Jersey. 
A great deal of interest has been lately 
manifested in the Idaho, and it has been 
planted in most of the State experiment 
stations and, as such firms as The Storrs 
& Harrison Co., Ellwanger & Barry, J. T. 
Lovett Co., Wm. Parry and a number of 
other reliable firms are now offering the 
genuine trees under seal, we are in hopes 
that enough of them will be planted in 
widely different sections to bring out its 
merits. 
No fruit whatever has been sent to the 
Eastern markets as yet. Samples, how¬ 
ever, have been sent to the horticultural 
press, leading nurserymen and pomolo- 
gists in that section, and to a few fruit com¬ 
mission-men in New York. From all the 
reports we have received from the different 
points where our tree is on trial, and from 
our own experience this spring—when, 
after a spell of warm weather in February, 
the mercury went from nine to 20 degrees 
below zero on February 27th and 28th, and 
killed most fruit buds of other pears, and en¬ 
tirely killed the Keiffers, while the “Idaho” 
came through unhurt—we feel justified in 
harness. We use a light rope harness com¬ 
posed of a pair of wooden hames, single¬ 
trees with staple and hook attached; traces 
of inch rope made especially for the pur¬ 
pose ; back-band of cotton belting; lines of 
half-inch rope, (no girths are used). When 
used on horses a double-tree is used with a 
staple in each end and a hook in the middle 
for the purpose of attaching it to the imple¬ 
ment. Strangers often laugh at this out¬ 
fit; but invariably soon own one. It is 
quickly adjusted, light and cheap, costing 
not over $1.50 per set, and as the single¬ 
trees are always left attached to the traces 
and hooked up to the top of the hames 
when not in use, they are much more 
handy than any other. A. G. 8. 
Dover, Del. 
The feed and wind-mill men report a 
light trade as compared with former years. 
This is due to the open winter and bad 
roads. It ought to be a good time now to 
invest in these goods. 
TRIPLET STEERS. 
SHEM, HAM AND JAPHETH. 
TRIPLET STEERS, SHEM, HAM AND JAPHETH. FlGS. 69 AND 70. 
the air is 
kills the 
milk, and 
that low, unremunerative prices have come 
to stay. I think the stock of tomatoes on 
hand is not large, but I do not see any 
chance for improvement in prices.” 
JERSEY CANNED TOMATOES. 
A Number of packers doing business in 
New Jersey have answered the following 
questions: 
1. What varieties of tomatoes are most 
useful to you for canning purposes ? 
2. What soils, manure and culture do you 
recommend ? 
3. Which are the better for canning- 
large or small-sized tomatoes ? 
4. What is the prospect for the business 
and how are stocks now onhand as com¬ 
pared wf th those at this time in other 
years* 
“OUR experience for 15 years has taught us 
that large, smooth red or Queen tomatoes 
are the best for canning purposes. They 
are very rich in color and flavor: and they 
have thin skins and small cores. We like 
a heavy soil for tomatoes, plenty of good 
manure and no commercial fertilizers. We 
think such fertilizers have done tomato 
culture great harm.” 
“We consider the Paragon the best for 
our purpose. A heavy loam soil well 
manured gives the most satisfactory yield. 
We prefer a medium-sized, smooth tomato, 
as there is no waste in cutting it. Prices 
for canned tomatoes are lower than they 
have been for several years, and stocks are 
moving slowly, as far as we can ascertain.” 
" Any variety that is large or moderately 
large, round, smooth, and of a good red 
color will do, such as Livingston’s Fav¬ 
orite or Perfection, etc. Generally heavy 
soils that are not too low yield the 
largest crops. Barnyard manure should 
be scattered broadcast and a fertilizer 
be applied in the hills. The ground 
should be well plowed and well harrowed. 
Large varieties of tomatoes are the best 
for canning purposes, provided they are 
round and smooth and of a good red color. 
It is generally supposed that stocss on hand 
are light as compared with those in prev¬ 
ious years.” 
believing that our introduction of it will 
be a benefit to the fruit-growers and fruit 
consumers of the greater part of the United 
States. While we have tried to protect 
both ourselves and the public from impo¬ 
sition by sending out the Idaho under seal, 
we are aware that a number of nurserymen 
in the Western States are selling so-called 
“Idaho” trees at a higher price, though 
they never procured a single one, and this 
will, of course, result in the variety being 
condemned at those points where the spuri¬ 
ous kinds get to bearing and prove to be 
inferior and well known sorts. 
THE IDAHO PEAR. 
“We use the General Grant on account 
of its solidity, freedom from core, etc. We 
manure the soil broadcast in the fall; plow 
the manure under in the spring, and then 
cross-plow before planting, after which we 
use Lister’s superphosphate around the 
plants and we also put some around the 
roots. We use tomatoes that measure 
from two to three inches in diameter. The 
prospect for business is not good; over-pro¬ 
duction has brought ruin on many small 
packers ; but where one has been wiped out 
two spring up to take his place. It is hard 
to tell how much stock is in the hands of 
packers; but there is sufficient to keep the 
prices below the cost of production, and I 
think the stocks on hand are smaller than 
they were last year at this time.” 
The following notes are received from the 
Idaho Pear Company. The R. N.-Y., is glad 
to call the attention of its readers to what 
it considers a very promising new 
fruit: 
The principal call for trees, in the order of 
the number disposed of, came from New 
York, Ohio, New Jersey, Alabama, Mis¬ 
souri, Maryland, Indiana, Pennsylvania 
and Virginia. Every other State and Ter¬ 
ritory in the Union, with the exception of 
Wyoming and the Dakotas, are represented 
on our order book, as are also the different 
Canadian provinces, especially Ontario. 
We made a shipment of trees to the Rus¬ 
sian Department of Agriculture; a few trees 
went to Australia through Mr. Berckmans, 
and we have had some call for cions from 
France and Germany. There are as yet but 
Reports regarding the trade in seed 
potatoes are conflicting. Some dealers re¬ 
port good sales while others complain of 
slow trade. It appears that many farmers 
anticipated high prices this spring and so 
bought what they needed last fall and en¬ 
deavored to store them. To this extent the 
spring trade has been cut down. Again, 
many farmers will use smaller potatoes for 
seed than ever before, because of the sup¬ 
posed high price; while others will not try 
to secure seed potatoes from other localities 
as they have in former years. All this will 
tend to injure trade, while, in most cases, 
proving false economy for the farmers. As 
to varieties, there seems to be a tendency this 
year to go back to the old, standard sorts. 
New and promising varieties do not seem 
to be demanded as was expected. Of such 
varieties as Early Rose, Beauty of Hebron, 
White Star, State of Maine, etc., the de¬ 
mand will probably fully equal the supply. 
The more expensive sorts do not find the 
ready sale which would be found in a more 
promising season. There is a noticeable ten¬ 
dency to economize in seed buying this sea¬ 
son. As a rule, this has been a poor season 
for novelties though there are, of course, 
notable exceptions. 
IMPLEMENT NOTES. 
Twin calves are somewhat common. 
While their advent creates quite a little 
local excitement, it is usually found im¬ 
possible to interest the general public in 
their welfare. With triplets it is a dif¬ 
ferent matter, and when the triplets 
happen to be steers so closely match¬ 
ed as regards 
size, weight and 
color that it is al¬ 
most impossible to 
distinguish one 
from another, their 
birth and growth 
may be very justly 
celebrated and ad¬ 
vertised. 
The bright little 
fellows shown at 
Figures 69 and 70, 
are owned by Mr. 
Josiah S. Kener- 
son of Barnet, Ver¬ 
mont. Mr. K. sends 
us the following 
facts which will 
doubtless interest 
stockmen and far¬ 
mers : 
“The mother 
of the steers is 
a nine-year- 
old, high-grade Short-horn cow which had 
always dropped single calves until May 3, 
1889, when she gave birth to these triplets. 
Their sire was a very fine full-blooded 
Short-horn bull, which, so far as I have 
heard, had always begot single calves until 
this case. The steers were castrated when 
a few weeks old. They were born May 3. I 
bought them on August 12. They were al¬ 
lowed to suckle the dam until I took them, 
on August 14. I then tried to teach them to 
drink new milk as taken from the cow, 
but they would not touch it. I fed them on 
hay, ground oats and wheat bran and after 
a few days began to give them ears of corn 
left from the table in the boiling season. 
They relished the green ears very much. 
As the corn matured I put them on the 
hard corn giving them two or three ears 
each now and then. They are now eating 
about three quarts of bran apiece each day 
and also, first, a handful of oats, then two 
or three ears of corn and afterwards a few 
roots—beets or carrots. They have gained 
very finely since August. The following 
table will show how they have grown since 
they were a week old: 
May 10 they averaged 
52 lbs. each. 
u jy a tt 
62 
i( 
44 
• < gg (1 t. 
72 
44 
<4 
“ 30 “ 
82 
It 
44 
July 4—9 weeks old 
118 
a 
<4 
Aug. 3—3 months old 
150 
a 
4 » 
Sept. 3 averaged 
183 
tt 
44 
Oct. 3 
227 
u 
44 
Nov. 3 
273 
<( 
<4 
Dec. 3 
309 
(i 
44 
Jan. 3 
833 
44 
44 
Feb. 3 
37S 
(4 
44 
March 3 “ 
405 
(< 
44 
Home-made Harness.— What kind of 
harness do the majority of the readers of 
the R. N.-Y. use for general farm work— 
plowing, harrowing, cultivating, etc.? I 
have often noticed that Northern people 
living here try to use ordinary wagon 
They are colored exactly alike and 
marked nearly alike except that Shem has 
a star on his forehead. N o person can tell 
which is the tallest. A farmer called to 
see them this week and I asked him to 
select the largest one; he looked them over 
carefully and made his selection. I then 
‘mixed them up’ and asked him to tell 
me the smallest; he made his selection and, 
to his surprise, he had picked the same 
steer. Will readers of the R. N.-Y report 
cases where closely matched triplet ^steerg 
