i89o 
I HE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
355 
education has aided or injured their ability 
to make money. I am satisfied to leave 
them thoroughly educated. Others may 
regard money getting as success. I do not, 
nor will I discuss this matter upon that 
low plane. 
If you ask my opinion upon the value 
of an education, quote me as saying this : 
If I were offered a fortune without educa¬ 
tion, or an education without fortune, I 
should unhesitatingly accept the educa¬ 
tion.” 
Mr. Heald, the next man interviewed, 
said that Mr. Carnegie speaks as if the ac¬ 
quisition of money were the chief end of 
man. If his statements are true, the great¬ 
est men America has produced are Gould, 
Sage. Cornelius Vanderbilt, Armour and 
men of that mold. It is curious that 
public opinion does not so regard them. 
“ A college course, I admit, is not essential 
to mere money-getting. In fact, if that is 
your object, don’t go to college. That 
would teach you to become a well-rounded 
man, and how to use wisely what you 
make. 
Mr. Carnegie is in the valley, and we 
must decline to discuss the question on the 
low level of simple money-getting. Strip 
the rich, uneducated man of his wealth 
and what is left ? What we want in 
American life is the ripe, well-rounded man 
of affairs.” 
Trial of the Rural New-Yorker 
Trench System of Potato Culture, as 
Made by Prof. Plumb of the Experi¬ 
ment Station of the University of 
Tennessee. —“The following experiment 
was attempted on a practical basis to test 
the flat culture system advocated for some 
years by the editor of the Rural New- 
Yorker. The simple object in view was, 
to see how large a crop of potatoes could 
be grown on a measured acre of ground, 
and to get such facts as would determine 
its adaptability and economy to this 
region. The editor of the R. N.-Y. has 
succeeded in growing some large crops. 
The advantages of the system, as claimed 
by him are, that the potato suffers from 
sun-burn and drought when elevated in a 
ridge or bill, as it does not when planted 
in a trench; that it is easier to cultivate 
down about the stem of the plant, than up 
against it; that moisture and fertilizers 
are more readily and evenly distributed 
about in the soil when the surface of the 
ground is not covered by hillocks; and 
that general cultivation is much easier 
when the plants grow on a level with the 
surface. In this practical experiment, an 
attempt has been made to follow out the 
method as described in the Rural New- 
Yorker. The facts are as follows: 
On a fairly level surface of clay-loam soil, 
one acre was surveyed off with instru¬ 
ments. The land had had clover growing 
upon it for three years previous. After be¬ 
ing thoroughly plowed to a depth of about 
eight inches, it was well cultivated with a 
disk harrow, and then followed by a 
Thomas smoothing harrow. Then every 
three feet apart, trenches eight inches in 
depth were plowed across the field from east 
to west. At the time of planting, 500 
pounds of National Vegetable Grower, a 
good potato fertilizer, were evenly distrib¬ 
uted along the bottoms of all the furrows. 
Over this about one inch of soil was 
dragged with hoes. Early Rose Potatoes 
were used for seed, a two-eye piece being 
placed every foot in the row. These pieces 
were covered with about an inch of soil, 
and then another quarter ton of fertilizer 
was evenly distributed in the furrows. 
The trenches were then filled with soil 
about even with the surface. On April 
29, when the plants were about two 
inches high, 1,000 pounds of Vegetable 
Grower were spread broadcast over the 
field and cultivated in. Planting was 
done March 30, and April 3. The plants 
vegetated April 15, bloomed May 25, and 
■were ripe July 17. The field was hoed 
once, and cultivated three times. The cul¬ 
ture was as nearly level as possible at all 
times. Owing to almost daily showers the 
acre was not dug till August 22-25. The 
account kept of this experiment is as 
follows: 
Cr. Dr. 
To 1 ton National Vegetable Grower.... $30.00 
To 13 bushels seed potatoes, eo cents 
per bushel.. 10.40 
To 31 days labor, <a $1 per day. 3l.oo 
To 3 days horse labor, @ $3 per day. ... 6.U0 
By lilts bushels merchantable potatoes, 
(a. 40 cents per bushel. $37.80 
By !M bushels unmerchantable (small), 
4 $ 15 cents per bushel. 14 10 
$51.90 $77.40 
To balance. 33.50 
$77.40 $77 40 
It is unnecessary to add any other 
figures, such as interest or use of land, 
tools, etc. As the reader can see, the cost 
of labor and fertilizers surpassed, the in¬ 
come from the yield of 188}£ bushels of po¬ 
tatoes. The cause of the comparatively 
small yield is not apparent. The plants 
made a generous and healthy growth, and 
so thoroughly covered the ground that a 
large crop was anticipated. The lack of 
yield is not ascribed to the system of cul¬ 
ture. The only explanation suggested is 
that the fertilizer was not readily enough 
available to the plants, as in digging it 
was found in places quite unchanged. We 
have detailed this work hoping that the 
general method of culture adopted may re¬ 
ceive some practical attention from farmers 
who may read this bulletin. It is note¬ 
worthy that over 700 bushels of potatoes 
were raised on slightly less than a meas¬ 
ured acre of land in Maine, by this trench 
system of culture, during the season of 
1889.” 
BY THE SHORT WAY. 
A late bulletin of the N. J. E. S., gives 
warning that there will probably be a 
damaging increase of the wheat louse dur¬ 
ing this season. The lice suck the sap and 
reduce the vitality of the plant. 
Prof. C. S. Plumb, late of the Univer¬ 
sity of Tennessee Experiment Station and 
now of Purdue E. S. (Illinois), made last 
year some carefully executed experiments 
to answer some of the potato problems 
which are vexing the farmers of the 
country. The results are plainly detailed 
in bulletin Vol. III., No. 1 of the Station 
(Knoxville, Tenn.) We give below some of 
the more important conclusions, merely 
remarking that the thoroughness and care 
with which the trials were conducted and 
the simple manner in which the results are 
stated might well be imitated by the chiefs 
of other stations: 
1. The largest tubers (12 ounces), bloomed 
first, produced the highest (and also largest) 
growth of plants. 2. The smallest tubers 
(1 to 2 oz.) bloomed last, produced the 
lowest (and smallest) plants, and ripened 
one day earlier than the largest. 3. Large 
size apparently favored earliness of bloom, 
hight and size of plant, and, to a certain 
extent, delayed ripening. 4. Plants from 
tubers weighing from four to eight ounces 
ripened earlier than those from tubers of 
greater or lesser weights. At harvesting, 
the potatoes in each hill in the several lots 
were dug, and, after being cleaned, weighed 
and counted, the tubers being separat ed into 
merchantable and unmerchantable, any¬ 
thing as large as or above an average hen’s 
egg in size being rated as merchantable. 
The few rotten ones were classed as un¬ 
merchantable. 
A further summary, having to do with 
whole seed compared with cut is as follows: 
1. The larger the potato planted, the larger 
the plant produced, and the more abun¬ 
dant the harvest in tubers. 2. Otherthings 
being equal, the fewer the number of eyes 
in a piece of seed potato, or the smaller that 
piece of seed, the smaller the crop that will 
be produced. 3. The larger the quantity of 
whole tuber placed in a hill for seed, the 
greater the cost per acre of planting, and 
the smaller the profit on the crop. 4. Large 
and whole tubers produced smaller and 
poorer merchantable ones than did half or 
quarter tubers, or single eyes. 5. Large 
whole tubers yielded appreciably more 
small, unmerchantable potatoes than did 
parts of medium tubers or single eyes. 5. 
Given two potatoes of equal size, one 
planted whole will not yield so large or so 
good a crop as will the other tuber cut into 
halves and each part planted in a separate 
hill. 
Josiah Hoofes expresses the opinion in 
the New York Tribune that without doubt, 
Dicentra spectabilis is the most beautiful 
as well as graceful hardy herbaceous plant 
in cultivation. Although well disseminated, 
it is not used so plentifully as its merits de¬ 
serve. On the outer margins of shrubbery, 
it makes a grand show in early summer, 
especially when planted in the full sun. 
But it is not averse to partial shade, al¬ 
though the growth is more slender and the 
bloom paler in tint in such locations. Being 
a native of Siberia, it is thoroughly reliable 
in any situation with us. 
Another species, and one of our rare 
native plaDts, is called Dicentra eximia. 
The reddish-purple flowers are produced in 
small drooping racemes, and form a pleasing 
contrast to the finely dissected compound 
leaves. It adapts itself to cultivation more 
readily than others of our native species. 
We also have two very pretty native plants 
belonging to this genus—viz. Dicentra 
cuculiaria and Dicentra Canadensis. Both 
have neat little whitish flowers, and the 
latter is quite fragrant. The foliage of 
both is dissected and very.ornamental. To 
obtain best results they should receive par¬ 
tial shade. 
Dicentra Spectabilis (Bleeding Heart) 
Is one of the easiest plants to force in winter, 
continues Mr. Hoopes. All that is neces¬ 
sary is to pot medium-sized clumps in good 
light soil on the approach of winter, to be 
stored away in a cool place until needed. 
For forcing, a strong heat is undesirable, 
but full sunlight is needful. By placing 
these dormant plants in heat successively, 
flowers may be produced all winter long... 
OUR friends of the Purdue Experiment 
Station obtain very decided results from 
planting seed potatoes of different sizes. 
Here is the result: 
Marketable Small Total 
number of eves. Tubers. Tubers. Bu. V 
From one eye.Bu. per acre. 
.103 
29 
Acre 
132 
From two eyes. 
.195 
40 
235 
From three eyes. 
.290 
40 
330 
From four eves. 
44 
366 
From five eyes. 
345 
so 
425 
From six eyes. 
102 
440 
From whole tubers. 
.881 
117 
493 
WORD FOR WORD 
-George Eltot: “I’ll tell you how I 
got od. I kept my ears and my eyes open, 
and I made my master’s interest my own.” 
-Correspondent of the Canadian 
Horticulturist: “The Jessie Strawberry 
stands at the head of 100 varieties as the 
best large producing kind that bears a per¬ 
fect blossom.” 
-Vermont Watchman : “ The farmer 
who is earnest and interested in his work, 
who works when he works with all his 
faculties and power, who sets up his goal, 
fixes his eye upon it and bends every effort 
to reach it, will succeed. His farm and 
buildings will show it: his crops will 
excel; his butter and cheese will be sought; 
he will win the respect and attract the at¬ 
tention of his neighbors.” 
-W. R. Lazenby : “ The question is 
often asked whether such or such a fruit 
is‘healthy.’ This is bad English, unless 
you have special reference to the con¬ 
dition of the fruit or fruit plant it¬ 
self. We can say, however, that the 
teachings of chemistry and physiology, 
as well as our own experience, show 
that * healthy,’ mature fruits are whole¬ 
some, and the best result possible from 
their use as food is to have an abun¬ 
dance of the best varieties, each in its sea¬ 
son, and to know that they are the product 
of your own skill and industry.” 
-Agricultural Science : “ There is a 
coat of arms stamped upon the title page of 
the sixth annual report of the Wisconsin 
Experiment Station, and upon it is the 
single word “ Forward.” If the reader will 
carefully compare this volume with the 
preceding ones of this station, he will as¬ 
suredly credit the Wisconsin Station with 
all that this word means. Some of our 
stations are standing still, some, alas, have 
gone backward, but among those moving 
forward in America, unquestionably Wis¬ 
consin holds a firm place. The policy of 
the station to do well the work attempted, 
and not do too much, seems fully carried 
out.” 
Always name R. N.-Y. in writing to ad¬ 
vertisers. 
In the Spring 
Nearly everybody needs a good, medicine. The Im¬ 
purities which have accumulated In the blood dur¬ 
ing the cold months must'ibe expelled, or when the 
mild days come, and the effect of bracing air is 
lost, the body is liable to be overcome by debility or 
some serious disease. The remarkable success achieved 
by Hood's Sarsaparilla, and the many words of praise 
It has received, make It worthy your confidence. It is 
the “ ideal ” Spring Medicine. 
N. B. If you decide to take Hood’s Sarsaparilla do 
not be Induced to buy any other. 
Hood’s Sarsaparilla 
Sold by all druggists. $1; six for $5. Prepared only 
by C. I. HOOD & CO., Lowell, Mass. 
IOO Doses One Dollar 
For Internal and External Use. 
Stops Pain, Cramps, Inflammation in body or limb, 
like magic. Cures Croup, Asthma, Colds, Catarrh, Chol¬ 
era Morbus, Diarrhrea, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Lame- 
back, Stitt Joints and Strains. Full particulars free. Price 
35 cts. post-paid. L S. JOHNSON & CO., Boston, Mass. 
■ 
tr> 
PISO’S CURE FOR 
1 
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ft 
CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS. 
Best Cough Syrup. Tastes good. Use 
in time. Sold by druggists. 
CP 
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’ PAINLESS - EFFECTUAL. 
FOR 
BILIOUS 1 NERVOUS 
DISORDERS, 
1 Such as Wind and Pain in the Stomach, 
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, THE FIRST DOSE WILL GIVE RELIEF IN 
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earnestly invited to try one Box of these ' 
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Worth a Guinea a Box. 
Beecham's Pills , taken asi 
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i they ACT LIKE MAGIC:— a few flows will ( 
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Strengthening the muscularSystem, restor- 1 
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> 25 cts. a box. Mention this paper. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE 
DO YOU WANT THE BEST? 
Inen send lor a Catalogue of the only 
herd in which IOO Cows have averaged 
19 lbs. and 18 have averaged 24 lbs. ol 
batter per week. In which 96 Cows 
have averaged 16,019 lbs. of milk per 
year. 
HORSES. 
Clydesdale, Percheron, French Coach, 
American-bred Coach, Standard-bred 
Trotters, of the best and most Popular 
Breeding. 
Also Berkshire and Cheshire Swine. 
Separate Catalogues of Horses and Cattle. Prices 
low for high quality of stock. (In writing mention 
this paper) 
SMITHS, POWELL <fc LAMB 
St RACUSE. N. Y. 
HIGH CLASS JERSEY CAT¬ 
TLE— All registered in American 
Jersey Cattle Club. Bulls now in 
service are STOKE POGISSth, 5937, 
sire of 8 young cows, testing from 
14 lbs. Its ozs. to 22 lbs. 12 ozs. of 
butter m 7 days. Full and only living brother of 
Stoke Pogis 3d, now dead, sire of 27 cows averaging 
over 20 lbs. of butter apiece per week. IDA’S RIOTER 
OF ST. L., 13656, inbred son of Ida of St. Lambert; 
oflfici il butter test 30 lbs, 2^ ozs. in 7 days. No bull 
calf sold for less than $100, nor heifer for less than 
$ 200 . 
Also Pure Bred ANGORA GOATS and Children’s 
Ponies. State what you want. No general catalogue. 
Trotting Horse catalogue sent on'application. Ten 
Sons of the great Electioneer. Mention this paper. 
MILLER & SIBLEY. Franklin, Venango Co., Pa. 
AGENTS WAXTED FOR 
WILLIAMS’ GRINDER 
FOR MOWING MACHINE KNIVES. 
Introduced In 1SS9-proved a Great Success. Also for 
Williams’Automatic Seed Sower 
A new invention—just ready. Descriptive 
Circulars sent free. The very liberal terms 
to agents given to the first applicant from 
any town where no agency is established. 
THE WILLIAMS BROS. M’F’G CO.. 
IVaubuc, Hartford Co., Conn. 
TIV PLATE 
STEEL PLATE 
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tty-Tkis advertisement appear* every other week. 
PRACTICAL MTS 
TO BUILDERS. 
Improved Edition, 1S90. 
A LITTLE BOOK ofioo pages eon 
tainuig solid facts that every maa 
contemplating BUILDING should 
know before letting his contracts. 
Shortchapters on the kitchen chim- 
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mortar, oellar, heating* ventilation, the roof and many items 
of interest to builders. Mailed free on receipt of 10c. in pos¬ 
tage stamps. Address 
NATIONAL SHEET METAL ROOFING CO. 
516 East 20tli St., New York City. 
(Q=Tbis advertisement appears every other week. 
