i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
6o§ 
yellowish green, with a quincy flavor, and 
good for the table or for cooking. It sells 
for the highest price on account of its 
great size, freedom from blemishes and 
handsome appearance. The tree is a good 
upright grower. I cannot see why it is 
not more generally grown. It is sometimes 
known under the name of Gloria Mundi, 
Ox Apple, and Baltimore. Lyman’s Pound 
Sweet comes next, in bearing qualifica¬ 
tions, in this, the most unfruitful year that 
Western New York has ever met with. 
This also seldom fails to bear large crops. 
It resembles the Monstrous Pippin in ap¬ 
pearance, but is not quite as large. It is a 
late fall apple, keeping well up to January. 
I regard both of these varieties as valuable 
for this part of the country. 
Grain Album. 
Velvet) as the largest yielder on the black 
soil of Ohio. This has been praised also by 
the farm department of the Ohio State 
University during several years past. 
President Jordan concluded his ex¬ 
cellent address to the Society of American 
Florists in this way : “ May the lessons of 
the past inspire us to fill up the full 
measure of our manhood, by endeavoring 
to do more for others than we expect indi¬ 
vidually to receive, ever remembering that 
we are ‘ made up of our inherited instincts, 
multiplied by our environments “plus our 
individual force.’ During the sessions of 
this convention, may our deliberations be 
honest, earnest and decisive; each express¬ 
ing his own individual opinions, either in 
speaking or voting on any subject that 
may be presented.”. 
E. S. Lincoln, La Crosse, Wis.—As an 
object lesson I am preparing an album that 
will contain samples of my hay and grain 
each year. I should like to use for it a 
mouse-proof box of such length as will con¬ 
tain even the tallest oats and corn I can 
grow, but that isn’t handy. 
Two heads each of the best, worst, and 
medium small grains, are cut, tastefully 
tied and fastened to a sheet of pasteboard, 
the length being given on the page in 
figures if the straw is too tall for my 
“ book ’’-leaves. Corn ears are only out¬ 
lined as to their length and a section, such 
as The Rural and the seedsmen give in 
their illustrations is glued to the page. I 
should prefer Bristol-board for my book- 
leaves, if I could afford it; but I make 
common, thin pasteboard do. 
A sheet of writing paper between every 
two pages of grain is spaced to contain the 
yield per acre, and the dates of plowing, 
sowing and harvesting, the amount and 
kind of fertilizer used, when and how it 
was applied, the character of the soil, and 
the kind of season, culture, etc., etc. 
RAYS. 
“ It is high time these reckless and ex¬ 
travagant statements of novelty venders 
should be suppressed,” writes a well-known 
horticultural editor to The R. N.-Y. 
A Fine Orchard. —The fruit committee 
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 
as noted by Mr. Thomas of The Country 
Gentleman, state that the orchard of Samuel 
Hartwell of Lincoln was one of the finest 
they had ever seen. Unlike many other 
good orchards, it contained between 40 and 
50 varieties, one object being to compare 
their value, including the most common 
sorts. Being near a city market, he can 
sell many that would not command other¬ 
wise a ready sale. Mr. Hartwell finds the 
Gravenstein by far the most profitable, and 
he has recently set out an orchard of this 
apple containing 65 trees. The GraveLstein 
is becoming very popular as a market fruit 
farther east, and especially in Nova Scotia, 
and many are shipped to England. Mr. 
Hartwell’s orchard, it will be observed, was 
only in part for growing fruit for market, a 
main object being the testing of different 
varieties for that purpose, as well as for 
home use and for giving a constant succes¬ 
sion in many varieties the year through- 
ARE you thinking of setting out a little 
plot of asparagus for home use ? It is 
worth thinking about. Once well planted, 
it is a fixture for many years and requires 
only an occasional weeding. 
A. S. Fuller has the following in the 
N. Y. Tribune : “It is true, perhaps, that 
an old and discarded variety of the black¬ 
berry has been reuamed the ‘ Tree-black¬ 
berry ’ by ‘ a gardener or florist in the 
East,’ but he is not what we call here a 
nurseryman, and it is very doubtful if the 
old and honorable membersof the fraternity 
would care to recognize him as one of their 
number. It is certainly time for the Soci¬ 
ety of Americau Florists, and the Ameri¬ 
can nurserymen, to ‘ speak out in meeting,’ 
and denounce such frauds. When they do 
this they will commaud greater respect, 
and probably largely increase their mem- 
berihip and influence.” 
But why does not the writer of the 
above practice what he preaches? Who is 
the nurseryman that has renamed an old 
variety the “ Tree blackberry ? ” Indefinite 
charges of this character reflect upon all 
“gardeners” or “florists” of the East. 
Speak out yourself, young man. 
The Ohio Experiment Station recom¬ 
mends Velvet Chaff Wheat (Penquite’s 
Mr. H. T. Brooks says, in the New York 
Tribune, that over confidence in doctors 
and drugs leads people to neglect hygienic 
precautions. They eat too much, too fast, 
too often; they worry and overwork, or 
neglect air and exercise; they do not rid 
their dwellings and drinking water of all 
impurities ; but trust to doctors and doses. 
Will they never learn to avoid what causes 
disease, and trust nature and the vital 
forces to give health, strength and length 
of days?. 
The weight of soils varies, a soil being 
heavier the more sand it contains. Thus, 
according to Schiibler, dry sand weighs 110 
pounds to the cubic foot; half sand and 
half clay, 96 pounds ; common arable land, 
80 to 90 pounds ; heavy clay, 75 pounds; 
garden mold rich in vegetable matter, 70 
pounds. It will be seen that when we 
speak of light, sandy soils, we are, in fact, 
alluding to very heavy soils. 
The resistance offered by soils in tillage, 
as Prof. S. W. Johason points out, is more 
the result of adhesiveness than of gravity.. 
Remember, readers, The R. N.-Y.’s offer 
of $100 to present subscribers who will 
send in the largest numbers of 10-week 
subscriptions at 25 cents each. Bear in mind 
too, that the senders of these competitive 
clubs are also entitled to any of the prem¬ 
iums offered in the Premium List. The 
offer is, in truth, a very liberal one and re¬ 
mains open for a few weeks only. 
ABSTRACTS. 
-,T. M. Jordan, President of The Society 
of American Florists: “ An eminent writer 
on economics recently made this statement: 
‘ The profits realized in nearly all branches 
of business to-day are acquired from what 
was considered 20 years ago waste;’ and 
but a small percentage of waste has yet 
been saved; therefore it becomes us closely 
to examine our work and see wherein we 
can prevent or diminish this waste; waste 
of time, waste of money, waste of energy, 
waste of hours that should be spent in re¬ 
laxation, amusements and recreation.” 
“ Of all the wealthy men possessed of 
$100,000 and upwards in this country to-day, 
only 12% per cent, started in business with 
$5,000 or upwards, while 85 percent, started 
without a dollar; and of all the heirs of 
wealthy persons, inheriting $100,000 or up¬ 
wards, only 15 per cent, possessed a like 
amount 25 years after receiving and control¬ 
ling their inheritance; and those that receive 
the largest fortunes are the first to feel the 
pinch of poverty.” 
“ This problem is respectfully submitted 
to that numerous class of pessimistic poli¬ 
ticians who are constantly croaking that the 
rich are growing richer and the poor are 
growing poorer, when in fact the rich are 
growing poorer, and the poor are growing 
richer. How true the axiom, ‘ There is but 
one generation between shirt-sleeves and 
shirt-sleeves.’ ” 
-Garden and Forest: “The State 
Analyst of New York State having re¬ 
cently been requested by the Secretary of 
the State Board of Health to give his 
opinion with regard to the wholesomeness 
of cotton-seed oil and of lard and lard com¬ 
pounds into which this oil enters as a com 
ponent part, has replied as follows : ‘ I am 
clearly of the opinion that cotton-seed oil, 
whether used alone or commingled with 
other oils or fats, is a perfectly wholesome 
and nutritious food, and as easily digested 
and assimilated as any of the commonly 
employed fats.’ In support of this view the 
opinion of numberless writers upon the 
subject, and of experts in chemistry and 
physiology might be adduced. Throughout 
the cotton-growing States it has been for a 
long time very largely used, and the 
medical faculty of the Arkansas University 
say that it is to be preferred to.other fats 
in many respects, ‘ agreeing with the most 
delicate stomachs, whether used in baking 
or frying,’ and that ‘not one instance has 
ever been given of health being in any 
manner impaired by the use, however free, 
of cotton seed oil in food.’ They say that 
* thousands of hands employed in the cot¬ 
ton-seed oil mills are in the habit of making 
their dinners on the crude oil by dipping 
their bread in it, and some of them actually 
drink it, and yet from this free use of it 
nothing has ever resulted but the best of 
health.’ ” 
-Philadelphia Weekly Press: “In 
short, a good farmer is primarily a good 
business man. And, on the other hand, a 
man may know how to raise good crops 
and yet be an unsuccessful farmer because 
he lacks business tact and ability.” 
- Life: “The Labor Question: ‘Is it 
six o’clock yet ? ’ ” 
-Professor Beal, in The American 
Garden : “ In horticulture, in most 
respects, botany will make a person more 
capable. It will make him a good observer, 
improve his reason, strengthen his judg¬ 
ment, cultivate hi3 taste, broaden his 
views, weaken his respect for the traditions 
of his fathers. It will sharpen his wits, 
make him a reliable investigator. It will 
enable him to become a leader instead of a 
follower.” 
-Orange County Farmer : “ Every dog 
should be shot on sight when found on a 
farm, unaccompanied by its owner, and if 
we owned a farm, no gunning tramp should 
scour our place with his dog, breaking 
down fences and driving away or killing 
ail the birds. In villages the curse of dogs 
is not less than in the country. They run 
through our gardens and break down our 
plants, until we get our gun and pepper 
their miserable hides with small shot. We 
are sometimes vindictive enough to wish 
their owners had a similar dose. Such 
dosrs and such dog owners are a nuisance 
alike.” 
R. N.-Y. : “ We differ from our respected 
contemporary from which the above is 
quoted in just one thing : We would hold 
the owner responsible first. He is the one 
that should pay the penalty for the depre¬ 
dations of the irresponsible animal.” 
-O. C. Farmer: “ That is all right, but 
when we cannot find out who owns the 
nuisances, how shall we get justice ? And 
wheD we find out, the owners are generally 
as irresponsible as their dogs.” 
-Ohio Experiment Station: “There 
is practically no difference between the 
feeding values of a given quantity of corn 
cured as silage and an equivalent quantity 
cured as dry fodder, provided equally good 
husbandry has been practiced in both 
cases.” 
Houston Post : “The Farmer Aroused. 
The man with the hoe is cultivating a new 
field this year—the political field.” 
Pi.scctlancou.s' §Uvmi.$ing. 
Advertisers treat all correspondents 
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