i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
767 
THE BROILER BUSINESS. 
Part I. 
Its Birthplace. 
One of the most curious and at the same 
time most profitable phases of poultry cul¬ 
ture is the raising of broilers by artificial 
processes. The business is a very unnatural 
one, for its end is to grow chickens at a sea¬ 
son when any well-regulated hen would 
scorn the attempt to raise a family, and 
the chickens are brought into the world, 
brboded and tended by monsters destitute 
of feathers and having not the slightest 
resemblance to the traditional chicken hen. 
To be sure, the aim is to secure conditions 
approximating those under which the 
chickens naturally grow, and the most suc¬ 
cessful seem to be those who secure these 
conditions most perfectly. This industry 
as at piesent conducted in this country, 
had its birthplace, as nearly as I can learn, 
at Hammouton, N. J., about seven or eight 
years ago, the idea originating with P. H. 
Jacobs, the well-known poultry authority. 
Although a good degree of success has been 
attained, the business has not yet passed 
beyond the experimental stage either as to 
apparatus or methods. For some time 
there have been rumors that the business 
was not proving so profitable as formerly, 
and that many of the old operators had 
abandoned it. I was glad of an opportu¬ 
nity to make a visit to the place and per¬ 
sonally inspect several of the broiler farms. 
This latter term is a misnomer so far as 
most of them are concerned, as none of the 
farms are large,while most of them are com¬ 
prised within the limits of an ordinary 
village lot. Hammonton is situated mid¬ 
way between Philadelphia and Atlantic 
City, on a sandy plain, an ideal location for 
the poultry business. The dry, sandy soil 
absorbs tbe rain as fast as it falls and the 
location insures a mild and equable climate. 
Cholera is unknown. Then, it is located 
within easy reach of all the great Eastern 
markets, with unsurpassed shipping facili¬ 
ties. Poultry raising is not the sole occupa¬ 
tion, as one might suppose, for Hammon¬ 
ton is the shipping point for large quan¬ 
tities of small fruits, cranberries, sweet 
potatoes, etc. 
Buildings. 
The buildings required are not necessa¬ 
rily expensive, but must be tightenough to 
exclude wind and water. The building 
which shelters the brooders and young 
chicks is usually ten feet wide and five feet 
in length for each 100 chicks it is to shelter. 
The bottom must be floored to exclude rats 
and similar vermin, and this floor is thickly 
covered with sand. Most of the brooder 
houses have an alley running the entire 
length on one side, with a door opening 
into each separate compartment. The com¬ 
partments are separated from the alley and 
from each other by partitions of boards and 
wire netting. Mr. Pressey’s brooder house 
has no alley, but, instead, doors of wire net¬ 
ting swinging both ways, and openiug from 
one pen into the next, so that the attendant 
must pass from one compartment to the 
other in caring for the chicks. His brooder 
shed, as he calls it, differs from the others 
in being open on one side and provided 
with canvas-covered frames, which may be 
slipped down as a protection when the 
weather is too severe. Most of the houses 
have a single large window to each com¬ 
partment. Too much glass radiates the 
heat too rapidly during the night. At the 
end of the broiler shed or house is generally 
a larger house containing the incubators, 
feed room, etc , and, where hot water is 
used for brooding, the furnace. The build¬ 
ings are mostly constructed of common 
lumber and tarred paper. Each compart¬ 
ment of a brooder house opens on a small 
yard. 
Incubators. 
The number of these is legion. Some are 
operated by hot water, some with lamps, 
but the object is to protect the eggs from 
the outside air and to keep the temperature 
at as nearly 104 degrees F. as possible. Tho 
matter of moisture must also be looked 
after. Some of the machines are self reg¬ 
ulating to a certain extent, but though 
these require less attention than some 
others, none of them is so nearly perfect as 
to need no attention. Mr. G. W. Pressey, 
was the first to engage in the business and 
he has spent much time in study and ex¬ 
periment. He devised incubators and 
brooders which are still used in his oper¬ 
ations and with which he is still experi¬ 
menting with a view to further improve¬ 
ment. His two daughters have carried on 
the business for the last five years and 
have been very successful. All their incu¬ 
bators and brooders are run with lamps. 
Mr. Pressey says he prefers lamps to hot 
water and his practice confirms his asser¬ 
tion. At the time of my visit he had three 
incubators of 300 egg capacity in operation 
and would start another in a few days. 
They are placed in a small back room in 
the house, where they are easy of access. 
Each has two lamps. These are lighted 
and when the temperature reaches 103 de¬ 
grees are turned down to keep it as near 
that point as possible ; a fall of 10 or 20 
degrees for a short time will not injure the 
eggs, but a rise of an equal amount will 
prove fatal. After the lamps have been 
turned to the proper hight, they receive no 
more attention, except filling, till the hatch 
is complete. As the eggs, approach the 
completion of the process, they require less 
heat, but the charring of the lamp-wicks 
causes them to burn lower, thus regulating 
the beat furnished. The eggs rest upon a 
tray or racx so arranged that, by slipping 
it the eggs are turned half way over. This 
is done thrice daily. Five minutes daily is 
sufficient time to properly care for an incu¬ 
bator. The eggs are tested after being in 
the incubators from five to ten days (some 
test twice, some only once) and the infertile 
ones are removed. These latter are fed to 
the chickens. The thermometer is laid 
upon the eggs. Moisture is supplied iu dif¬ 
ferent ways in different incubators; in 
some by saturated sponges placed among 
the eggs ; in others by pans of water. The 
Prairie State is a favorite incubator and 
many of this kind are in use. It is a 
self-regulator and does good work. The 
Monarch is also used and gives satis¬ 
faction. Mr. Jacobs has several different 
makes which he has been testing. The 
advocates of the hot water machines pro¬ 
fess to fear danger from fire by using 
lamps, but those using the latter evidently 
have no fears. Mr. Pressey does not, or he 
would not harbor them in his dwelling- 
house, while his brooder sheds are in close 
proximity to the house. Miss Williams 
had two Prairie State incubators in opera¬ 
tion in the cellar of the house. The medium¬ 
sized machines seem to meet with more 
favor than either the large or small ones. 
The latter are more liable to variations of 
temperature, while, should any accident 
befall the former, the loss of eggs would be 
too great. These machines will not hatch 
every egg any more than a hen will, but 
with intelligent management, they will 
hatch a far larger percentage than the aver¬ 
age hen and with far less fuss. The time 
required to attend an incubator is small, 
but such attention as it requires must be 
given, and on time, or the results will be 
disappointing. An average 300-egg incu¬ 
bator requires from two to three gallons of 
oil for a hatch. The hatching season usually 
begins in September or October and lasts 
until April or May. F. H. v. 
TARIFF TALK FROM SUNDRY 
SOURCES. 
The variety of views expressed by differ¬ 
ent periodicals upon the possible and prob¬ 
able effects upon different classes of the 
new tariff law make very interesting read¬ 
ing. There is little difference of opinion as 
to the effect upon the manufacturers, but 
the results to farmers and the laboring 
classes seem to bring out a divergence of 
views. 
A Michigan Farmer Protests.— Believ¬ 
ing as I do that a tariff for protection gives 
present aid to one class of producers at the 
expense of another class, and as the class 
to be benefited are on account of location 
(being largely inhabitants of cities) and 
from superior intelligence euabled to exert 
greater influence upon legislation than the 
class that bear the burdens, they being 
located mainly in the agricultural districts 
and not as well informed as they should be, 
allowing a grevious wrong to bear upon 
them, I think that as matters stand 
there would seem to be a condition that 
calls for a relief. The relief, if it comes at 
all must come from increased knowledge 
among the people, and where shall they 
look for it if not to the non-partisan press. 
—Journal of Commerce. 
McKinley’s Danger.— Ah, if the women 
could vote how they would tie that double- 
dutied stocking about Major McKinley’s 
neck. 
Works both ways.—I n one breath the 
tariff-mongers boast of the blessings of 
Protection, and in the next they point to 
the enlargement of the free list in the 
McKinley tariff. After recovering their 
breath they invoke attention to the recip¬ 
rocity clauses in the bill which propose to 
open free trade with all the regions of Cen¬ 
tral and South America. * * * The tariff 
presses a pearl button. You do the rest.— 
Philadelphia Record. 
Our Flag: Nailed to the Mast. 
Pointed Qcestions.— Does any Republi¬ 
can farmer believe that any country on 
earth will send us $50,000,000 yearly in ex¬ 
chan ge for nothing ? If so, will he kindly 
explain why we should object to it ? Does 
any Republican farmer believe that any 
Amer.can citizen can get $1,000 worth of 
Brazilian coffee without paying for It in 
goods or in gold ? And if he does, will he 
not explain how it can be done, and why 
he is not doing it instead of farming?— New 
York World. 
Feels Uppish.— Carpets are up; clothing 
is up; fuel is up; dry goods are up; tobacco 
is up; crockery is up. The cost of living has 
grown, but the compensation of labor is no 
greater. * * * Who are the beneficiaries? 
Not the government. Needing no extra 
revenue, it has in fact added little thereto. 
Not the merchants, save such of them as 
discerned the real meaning of the McKinley 
Bill and bought heavily in advance. The 
men who profit are domestic manufacturers, 
a relatively small class. The people who 
suffer are the whole body of consumers.— 
Chicago Times. 
Comfort for the Canadian Farmers. 
—Barley is so much higher this year than 
last that even if there should be no advance 
under the new duty the Canadian farmers 
whose stock failed to get over the line be¬ 
fore the 6th, will realize about as much as 
they did last year under the low duty. 
Evidently we pay the tax. — Buffalo 
Courier. 
Helps the Rich and Not the Poor.— 
A friendly government, if it discrim¬ 
inated at all, would see that the rich man 
paid a little more than his share and the 
poor man a little less. But that is not the 
way the McKinley Bill works, nor the way 
it is intended to work. Its purpose is to 
increase the profits of the manufacturer 
by making the wage-earner pay the top 
notch price for the necessaries of life, and 
it accomplishes that purpose with remark¬ 
able success.— N. Y. Herald. 
Benefits the Food Producers at no 
Extra Expense to the Consumers.— Tbe 
McKinley Bill may have had some influ¬ 
ence in enhancing the prices of farm pro¬ 
ducts; and it may not. But the fact is 
indisputable that it secures to American 
farmers the entire American market for 
grain, meat, lard, cheese, butter and all 
staple articles of food that can be produced 
in our climate; whereas, with free trade in 
those products Canada and other foreign 
countries could, and would, send in and 
sell the same class of food articles to the 
extent of $125,000,000 to $160,000,000 in value 
every year. No class of American citizens 
suffer injury because this preference is 
given to American farmers, for the price of 
food is not thereby materially increased, 
while the farmers are benefited by a more 
extended home market. * * * The pri¬ 
mary object of a tariff law such as the Mc¬ 
Kinley Bill, is to raise revenue for the sup¬ 
port of government, but with duties so 
adjusted to existing conditions of industry 
and commerce as to give the preference to 
American citizens over the citizens and 
subjects of all other nations.— Ohio State 
Journal. 
c ell an c o u$ ^ tl vcrtitfuQ. 
Advertisers treat all correspondents 
well if they mention The Rural New- 
Yorker. 
rnPP Send tout name ami address oo a postal card 
r M L E»ior all tbe Latest Styles of Silk Fringe, Pho* 
tograpb, Envelope, Beveled Edge, Crazy Edge Cards Ac., 
Samples oi all free. HOME and YOUTH, Cadiz, Ohio. 
THOMAS P. SIMPSON, Washington, 
D. C. No atty’s fee until patent ob 
talned. Write for Inventor’s Guld' . 
M OR MORPHINE HABIT Cured at Home. 
Trial FREE. No pain. Add. Compound 
Oxygen Association, Fort Wayne, Ind. 
PECULIAR INFATUATION. 
DIFFERENT METHODS OF FOLLOWING THE 
INJUNCTION “LOVE ONE ANOTHER.” 
Do men ever fall in love with each other? 
Women do. Not long ago a young wo¬ 
man in New Jersey was married to a youth¬ 
ful laborer on her father’s farm. Some time 
afterward it was discovered that the hus¬ 
band was a female; the young wife re 
fused, however, though earnestly entreated 
by her friends, to give up her chosen con¬ 
sort. ' The strangest part of the discovery 
was the fact that the bride knew her 
husband was a woman before she was led 
t o the altar. 
If men do not exhibit this strange infatu¬ 
ation for one of their own sex, they at least 
oftentimes give evidence of the fact that 
they love one another. There are many in¬ 
stances on record where one man has given 
his life for another. There are many more 
instances where men have given life to 
another. 
It is a proud possession—the knowledge 
that one has saved a precious human life. 
Meriden, Conn., is the home of such a 
happy man. John H. Preston, of that city, 
July 11th, 1890, writes : “ Five years ago I 
whs taken very sick. I had several of the 
best doctors, and one and all called it a 
complication of diseases. I was sick four 
years, taking prescriptions prescribed by 
these same doctors, and I truthfully state 
I never expected to get any better. At this 
time, I commenced to have the most ter¬ 
rible pains in my back. One day an old 
friend of mine, Mr. R. T. Cook, of the firm 
of Curt's & Cook, advised me to try War 
ner’s Safe Care, as he had been troubled 
the same way and it had effected a cure for 
him. I bought six bottles, took the medi¬ 
cine as directed, and am to day a well man. 
I am sure no one ever had a worse case of 
kidney and liver trouble than I had. Be¬ 
fore this I was always against proprietary 
medicines, but not now ; oh, no.” 
Friendship expresses itself in very pe¬ 
culiar ways sometimes ; but the true friend 
is the friend in need. 
ARTHUR’S 1891 
HOME 
MAGAZINE 
TH 
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A H. POMEROY, 
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218->20 Asylum Street, 
Hartford, Conn. 
niPIf’C Foot Warmer 
UluiX W SHOES Every 
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woven by hand; wool-lined; seamless. 
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ADDRESS 
G. S. M. CO. 
CLEVELAND, O. 
ESTABLISHED 1865. 
MIDDLETOWN NURSERY AND FRUIT FARM, 
Peach Trees our Specialty. 
25l),0 0 first class Peach Trees of best varieties at low 
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E. R. COCHRAN & CO„ Middletown, Del. 
