i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
grow, and without vegetation neither man 
nor beast could exist. 
The birds, and the birds only, can cope 
with these fearful hosts of our most fatal 
foe, and it takes unceasing labor on their 
part to do it. No creatures have such ap¬ 
petites—“ incarnate voracity ” Ruskin calls 
them—none require such constant supplies. 
Woman, the tender hearted, the lover of 
beauty and song, has really cast the great 
weight of her influence against the tribes 
of the air, and the birds fall at her behest 
by millions. 
One cent will mail this paper to 
your friend in any part of the United 
States, Canada and Mexico, after 
you have read it and written your 
name on the corner. 
SAMPLES AND COMMENTS. 
The Orange County Farmer, alluding to 
our criticisms of the New York Experiment 
Station, which it deems unjust, says : “ It 
is so easy to find fault, it is so hard to 
manage things so that unkind criticism 
may be avoided, that we, perhaps, should 
not wonder at what we read. But we 
hardly expected it of The Rural, and we 
think it is being misled. We say it in all 
kindness, with no acrimony—with only a 
sincere desire to do what is right.”. 
Mr. B. P. Ware, who has recently vis¬ 
ited and studied California, said before the 
Massachusetts Horticultural Society that 
the people there are happy, contented and 
self satisfied ; every one thinks his location 
the best of all, and where every one has the 
best, of course there can be no jealousy ; 
but every one wants to sell out. They 
want from $200 to $350 per acre, which Mr. 
Ware thought too high; it is rather a 
prospective value. He says that jack 
rabbits, larger than our rabbits and having 
long ears, abound to such an extent as to 
be a perfect nuisance. Parties of 200 or 
more are formed to destroy them ; a corral 
is first built by the hunters, who then sur¬ 
round a circuit of four miles or more, and 
gradually coming nearer together drive the 
rabbits into the corral. Ten thousand have 
been killed in one hunt, and two ladies 
riding out in a buggy killed 200 with a 
rifle. The orange trees come into bearing 
in about four years; 20 acres have been 
sold for $40,000. A crop has been sold on 
the trees for $1,250 per acre, but $400 to $500 
per acre is not an unusual price for the 
fruit. 
Mr. H. L. Clapp, during the same ses¬ 
sion of the Massachusetts Horticultural 
Society, spoke upon the subject of “ Horti¬ 
cultural Education for Children.” Our 
pupils apply for such positions as our 
schools fit pupils for, he said. If nine-tenths 
of them aim to be traders, or actually be¬ 
come such, it is because our schools have 
fitted them better to be traders than any¬ 
thing else. If a farmer’s boy becomes 
proficient in arithmetic, no one of all con¬ 
cerned considers such proficiency as an im¬ 
portant factor in making the boy a superior 
farmer, but rather as evidence that he is 
destiued by nature and education to a 
higher sphere of action than farming. His 
education, all the way through school, is of 
such a nature that its connection with farm¬ 
ing is obscure, while its connection with 
the store, the office, or the agency is clear, 
and his aspiration to be a business man, a 
genteel trader, a book-keeper, or something 
above a farmer (as he thinks), is exactly in 
line with his education. In fact, with the 
farmer’s boy, getting an education has 
come to be almost synonymous with getting 
away from the farm, since that is what 
really comes to pass. 
Deals, trusts, syndicates, stock-gam¬ 
bling, colossal monopolies, lotteries, confi¬ 
dence games, and other so called business 
operations are the natural products of mid¬ 
dlemen, using every artifice to beat each 
other, and make sales, and taking every 
possible advantage of those who really 
develop the resources of the country—farm¬ 
ers, miners, mechanics, and producers of 
various kinds. Competition among middle¬ 
men may be the life of trade, but it has 
been death to many a farmer. 
IT is time to inculcate the dignity of 
manual labor, iu the common schools, to 
teach children the value of property by 
making them work for it, to establish 
schools for manual training, and to give 
school children a piece of ground for obser¬ 
vation, experiment and work. The intro¬ 
duction of horticulture into the common 
schools will do much to counteract those 
baneful influences that have been men¬ 
tioned; i* will create that respect for, and 
intelligent appreciation of, the cultivation 
of the soil, that is desirable; it will check 
the tendency to abandon the farm as soon 
as possible, if any educational means can; 
it will create a first love, to return to at a 
later period of life; and it will lead to a 
real demand for agricultural schools of a 
higher grade. To expect agricultural col¬ 
leges to flourish without feeders, is chim¬ 
erical. 
The beneficial results of teaching Euro¬ 
pean children agriculture may be seen even 
in our own country. In 1880 the Kentucky 
Bureau of Immigration induced colonies of 
Swiss, Germans, Austrians and Swedes to 
settle on poor lands in Laurel and Lincoln 
Counties, Kentucky. Charles Dudley 
Warner writes that it is a sight worth along 
journey, to see the beautiful farms made 
out of land that the average Kentuckian 
thought not worth cultivating. It should 
be noted that the settlers named came from 
the very countries where school gardens are 
so common and governmental appropria¬ 
tions so liberal. 
The school garden should be not only a 
place for observation, but a field for exper¬ 
imentation. Budding, grafting, propaga¬ 
tion by layers, cuttings and slips, cross-fer¬ 
tilization, and the conditions favorable to 
plant growth could be taught experiment¬ 
ally, not to one class necessarily, but to 
every pupil somewhere in the course of 
study. Seeijig and doing such things and 
recording the results, would give pupils a 
training peculiarly valuable. 
Plants and flowers enter constantly and 
intimately into girls’ and womens’ lives, 
Mr. Clapp continued. Women have been 
interested in flowers since human beings 
came upon the earth. Some fill their win¬ 
dows with flowering plants the year round. 
Others cultivate them in their rough little 
gardens before the log cabins and shanties 
on the frontiers and in the wilderness. 
Some suggestion from plant life is always 
present in women’s lives—embroidered 
flower decorations, flower painting, floral 
decorations, bouquets and myriads of de¬ 
signs for needlework, wall papers, carpets 
and prints,—and they should have some 
regular instruction in what they will al¬ 
ways see and use; and the school garden 
would be the most efficient means of giv¬ 
ing them instruction suited to the lives 
they are destined to lead. 
Edmund Hersey said that children ought 
to be educated to read the great book of 
Nature. Too many of our people are in 
this respect uneducated. Parents are to 
blame if they do not make their children 
realize something about Nature. He 
would not have them instructed solely for 
the purpose of making them gardeners, but 
that they might be fitted by their educa¬ 
tion to enjoy life better, whatever vocation 
they followed. He would educate children 
to recognize the Power which laid out the 
plan of growth in all things, and executed 
that plan. 
He wished the people of New England to 
consider this matter, and to devise the best 
possible methods of teaching their children, 
by which they shall become attached to 
the soil. Where practicable, every child 
should have a spot of ground to till with 
his own hands. He was desirous that the 
society should use its influence to propa 
gate the idea he had tried to express. If, 
by any means, parents could be brought to 
cooperate with teachers in the education 
of their childi’en in this work, it would 
year by year be steadily and surely ac¬ 
complished. 
The N. Y. Times notes the fact that 
Thomas A. Edison believes in the possibil¬ 
ity |of making a machine by which nutri¬ 
tious food may be produced from soil, water 
and air. This machine is not only in con¬ 
templation, but in progress of development, 
and has been brought to such a condition 
as to have a name given to it, viz., the 
nutricator. However it may result, the 
possibilities of the performance cannot be 
denied. No man can now safely say that 
anything is impossible, and, considering 
the unexpected results of scientific and 
mechanical discoveries and inventions, 
there cannot be any surety that in time the 
farmer’s occupation may not be usurped by 
the chemist aud the laborious tillage of the 
soil be discarded for the more easy manipu¬ 
lations of the laboratory. 
Among hardy plants most suitable for 
cemetery plots, Mr. Hoopes mentions in 
the N. Y. Tribune Deutzia gracilis, Astilbe 
Japonica, Dicentra spectabilis, Lily of the 
Valley, snowdrops and white crocuses— 
an excellent selection so far as it goes. 
“Farming is a good enough business for 
a good enough man.” Right you are, Dr. 
Hoskins. 
775 
WORD FOR WORD. [ 
-Mr. Clapp, before the Mas?achusetts 
Horticultural Society: “In the rural dis¬ 
tricts in Wayne County, New York, there 
are no fewer than 400 empty houses. It is 
a lamentable fact that the rural population 
of that county is slowly drifting into the 
larger towns and cities, while many are 
going West in search of cheaper homes or 
fortunes. The town of Sodus alone has 
over 50 deserted houses and Huron has 30 
or more.” 
“ Children take to earth as naturally as 
goslings take to water, and their liking for 
flowers is hardly less marked.” 
“Hold a boy down to your commands, 
and, for the time being, he is a slave ; give 
him an idea to work out by himself, and he 
becomes a free man. Not that the former 
is useless, but the latter is superior, and in 
this fact lies one of the cardinal virtues of 
the manual training school.” 
“Can a symmetrical, or wholly health¬ 
ful, education be given entirely under 
cover, and away from the light, the fresh 
air, the invigorating sunshine, and the 
smell of earth and her exquisite produc¬ 
tions ?” 
A LARGE majority of our public schools 
have done little or nothing in the study of 
plants, insects, minerals and soils, although 
expected to do so, alleging that such study 
is not practical; but the conning of books, 
and the figuring on slates, they claim to be 
practical. What is the opinion of agricul¬ 
turists on that matter ? Are not potatoes 
and wheat practical things ? 
“ The remedy for this state of affairs lies 
in placing the right kind of men upon 
school committees, who influence legisla¬ 
tion and education, and agriculturists 
should be represented on school boards as 
well as the lawyer, the doctor, the clergy¬ 
man and the tradesman.” 
“Some children can learn four times as 
fast as others, but by the present system 
they all have to be laid on the same iron 
bedsteads.” 
.The culture of beauty in the vegetable 
kingdom secures a crop of joy to the 
thoughtful culturist, and not that alone— 
it is a great promoter of health. There is 
with it no dyspepsia, no insomnia, when 
one has been thus busied in the open air. 
Think of the wholesome effect on discon¬ 
tented mechanics if they could go home 
and work an hour in the garden, instead of 
passing their leisure hours in fretting and 
grumbling,” 
-Vermont Watchman : “ For the great 
majority of men of medium qualities and 
attainments, and with moderate aspira¬ 
tions, farming is probably the best business 
there is, if they have areal taste for country 
life.” 
“A little experiment carried out at the 
New Hampshire Experiment Station 
showed that the average cost of a quart 
of milk from the best cow was 1.59 cent, 
while a quart from the poorest cow on the 
same ration cost 4.26 cents.” 
Pi.sccUaneoujs §Vttverti,$ing. 
Readers of The R. N.-Y. will please the 
advertisers and benefit the paper by always 
mentioning it when writing to advertisers. 
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