i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
847 
Poultry Yard. 
NOTES ON THE DIFFERENT BREEDS. 
The manager of the poultry department 
at the Ontario Agricultural College gives 
brief notes on some of the leading breeds. 
His views, remember, are tempered by the 
cold climate and exposed situation of a 
Canadian farm. 
Plymouth Rocks.— A hardy, vigorous 
breed, growing rapidly to large size. Small 
bones, great and rapid flesh-formers. Male 
birds go up to 10 and 12 pounds; cockerels 
reach eight pounds in early fall. Females 
good layers, good sitters, good mothers. A 
breed well suited to the climate. Chickens 
hardy. The best all-round fowl for farmers. 
Pullets lay from 4 )4 to six months of age. 
Wyandottes. —A comparatively new 
breed, of great merit. Cross of Dark Brahma 
and Silver Spangled Hamburg. Matures 
rapidly, having small bones and putting on 
flesh easily. Males go up to seven, eight 
and nine pounds. Females are good layers, 
good sitters, good mothers ; apt to become 
broody, but easily broken up and lay soon 
after. Chickens hardy. A good fowl for 
farmers. Pullets lay when five months old. 
Dorkings. —A breed very much prized in 
England for its table qualities. In this 
country they are sensitive, when chickens, 
to the fall weather, and are harder to rear 
than Plymouth Rocks or White Leghorns. 
The colored are the best suited to this part 
of the Dominion. While a breed of great 
merit, they are not hardy enough for the 
farmers to take hold of. Crossed with the 
Plymouth Rock, an excellent result is 
attained. 
Brahmas. —A well known and old-estab¬ 
lished breed, with many friends and ad¬ 
mirers. Gro;v to large size and heavy 
weight, but take time to do so. Have large 
frames, and a good deal of feed is required 
to put flesh on them. Are very hardy, both 
as chickens and fowls. Are quiet, and 
bear confinement well. Females are fair 
layers of eggs of good size, but rather heavy 
for early sitters (when egg-shells are likely 
to be thin), and apt to be clumsy as moth¬ 
ers. After seven or eight months of age 
males make good table fowls. Pullets lay 
at seven months of age. 
Buff Cochins.— Another of the Asiatic 
family that has many friends. Like the 
Brahmas, they grow to large size, but take 
time to do so. Are very quiet, and stand 
limited quarters well. The females are 
good sitters and careful mothers, fair lay¬ 
ers of a large egg (when hens) of rich color. 
Pullets lay when seven months old ; males 
grow to heavy weights; chickens and fowls 
hardy. 
Houdans.—A breed of French fowls of 
some merit as layers, but do not grow to 
the same weight in this as they do in the 
country of their origin. Are non-sitters, 
and lay a white egg of rather more than 
average size. Chickens are hardy, mature 
rapidly, and are great foragers. Are not 
so suitable for farmers as either Plymouth 
Rocks or White Leghorns. Owing to heavy 
crest on top of head are apt to fall easy 
prey to hawks and other enemies of the 
poultry yard. Crest will freeze and be¬ 
come solid with ice where water is not kept 
from freezing or a fountain with narrow 
lip is not used. A good table fowl. 
White Leghorns.— One of the best lay¬ 
ers at all seasons, when properly handled 
and cared for, as all fowls should be. Are 
non-sitters, hardy, and mature rapidly. 
Will lay well in winter, in a moderately 
comfortable house. Chickens thrive well 
and feather quickly. Hens lay a white egg 
of large size. Pullets lay at five or six 
months, sooner if hatched early. The 
Brown and Black Leghorns are also great 
layers. They are good fowls for farmers 
when kept with a breed of sitters. Great 
flyers, like all the Spanish family. 
Black Minorcas.— An old English breed, 
comparatively new to this country, and 
fast taking the place of the Black Spanish. 
They are as good layers as the Black Span¬ 
ish, and grow to much heavier weights, the 
males making fair table fowls. They are 
given weight allowance in the new Stand¬ 
ard of Excellence (American). They lay 
well in winter, properly housed. Both fowls 
and chickens are hardy: the latter grow 
rapidly. The males have large and high 
combs, which must be kept from freezing. 
Pullets lay at five or six months of age. 
Hens can talk. We saw one the other 
day distinctly ask another to pick some¬ 
thing off its bill. The request was granted, 
too. We believe the hens discuss, among 
themselves, the treatment they receive 
from the members of the family. Their re¬ 
marks about some folks may be imagined. 
SCRATCHINGS. 
Start the hens with a warm breakfast. 
Have you any two-year-old hens ? Do 
they lay ? Does it pay to keep them after 
the first year ? 
The Ontario Poultry Association will 
hold its first exhibition at Canandaigua, 
N. Y., Januarv 20—23. 
Spongia is the new homeopathic remedy 
for roup in fowls. The homeopathic sys¬ 
tem would seem to be well suited to poul¬ 
try. 
We find the same hens sitting side by 
side on the roost night after night. Such 
hens evidently have an affection for each 
other. 
Some people get the idea into their heads 
that purebred stock is more subject to dis¬ 
ease, but that is a very wrong impression ; 
true, any breed can be inbred until it is 
weakened in constitution, but by infusing 
fresh blood every year, pure breeds will be 
as thrifty and vigorous as cross-bred 
fowls, and certainly made more pleasing 
to the eye, and more profitable to rear, as 
many birds can be sold at much better 
prices than are paid for ordinary cross bred 
or mongrel stock.—Florida Dispatch. 
The trouble is that most farmers who 
try purebred stock do inbreed. 
Profit on 150 Fowls.— 
Chickens and fowls sold, -169 pounds_$55 82 
Eggs sold 8,419. 155 69 
$211 51 
To the eggs and fowls sold ought to be 
added the eggs used and the chickens killed 
for the family to the value of, perhaps, $20. 
The expenses were: 
Whole corn, 355 bushels.$143 2o 
Cracked corn, 500 pounds. 4 50 
Bone meal. 200 pounds. 4 00 
$151 70 
Thus there was a credit balance of $5!) 81 
towards paying for the houses and the care 
of the fowls, besides the manure and feed 
for six guinea hens and the profits on six 
guinea eggs and one guinea sold. The feed 
was sometimes varied by giving wheat 
bran and screenings. Lime was provided 
and an occasional supply of ashes for bath¬ 
ing purposes. They have three houses, one 
of which cost about $100 and the other two 
about $60. They run in the orchards, and 
are fed so that they will not eat hard ap¬ 
ples or pears. Some fowls have been lost 
by disease, but the stock is kept up and the 
birds are now in good condition. 
Mercer County, N. J. i. j. blackwell. 
STRAIGHT HITS. 
Hon. James G. Blaine asserted that the 
McKinley Bill is so impracticable that it 
cannot open the world’s market to “another 
bushel of wheat or another barrel of pork.” 
Hon. Grover Cleveland in his historic 
tariff message said that our progress 
toward a wise conclusion will not be im¬ 
proved by dwelling upon the theories of 
protection and free trade. It is a con¬ 
dition which confronts us—not a theory. 
The persistent claim that all efforts 
to relieve the people from unjust and 
unnecessary taxation are schemes of the 
so - called free traders, is mischievous 
and far removed from any considera¬ 
tion for the public good. The simple 
and plain duty which we owe to the people 
is to reduce taxation to the necessary ex¬ 
penses of an economical operation of the 
government, and to restore to the business 
of the country the money which we hold in 
the Treasury through the perversion of 
governmental powers. These things can 
and should be done with safety to all our 
industries, without danger to the oppor¬ 
tunity for remunerative labor which our 
workingmen need, and with benefit to 
them and all our people, by cheapening 
their means of subsistence and increasing 
the measure of their comforts. 
The Alliance on the Square.— We 
are here to stay. This great reform move¬ 
ment will not cease until it has impressed 
itself indelibly on the nation’s history. 
Financial reform is the necessity of the 
hour, and it must come. The press and 
the voice of the stump-speakers were our 
only assistants. The Alliance had no cam¬ 
paign fund, no boodle. If we had had 
money we would not have used it. The 
virtue and the patriotism of the people are 
the things to appeal to. Our methods were 
fair and square, and the whole world could 
see what we were doing. The principles on 
which the Alliance is founded are solid and 
correct; we must succeed.—L. L. Polk, 
President National Farmers’ Alliance. 
They Are Already Advancing.—As 
the weeks and months go by the prices of 
goods, both foreign and domestic, will ad¬ 
vance. Every week the purchaser will no¬ 
tice that something is a little higher, and 
will curse those who passed the bill. Fin¬ 
ally, in a year or so, prices and the curses 
at the McKinley Bill and the Congressmen 
who voted for it, will reach the maximum. 
—Chicago Tribune, (Rep.) 
Free Trade (?) Wages for Free 
Traders.— That was a smart trick of the 
Canton company that reduced the wages 
of its Democratic employees one-third be¬ 
cause they voted for Warwick, while the 
wages of the Republicans who voted for 
McKinley were not disturbed. A member 
of that company publicly announced that 
henceforth his concern would pay free 
traders free trade wages. In short, it was 
a discharge of all Democrats. It was a con¬ 
temptible as well as unbusiness-like pro¬ 
ceeding, and will not find indorsement 
anywhere.— Rochester Herald, (Ind.) 
A Pointer for Future Action.— The 
wonderful victories of the farmers in the 
West and South show what can be done by 
organized effort and strict adherence to 
principle. Had Ohio farmers made a good 
platform, one which pleased the people in¬ 
stead of the politicians, this State would 
.have been heard from.— Cincinnati En¬ 
quirer, (Dem.) 
Keep Your Weather Eye on That 
Farmers’ Alliance.— It is getting to be a 
powerful organization, and if it continues 
to grow in the next two years as it has 
grown during the last two, it will become a 
political factor in the campaign of 1892. 
It represents a tendency of the times—the 
tendency toward a paternal government— 
which in our judgment is fraught with 
boundless danger. The Alliance must 
think a little more profoundly on this sub¬ 
ject. As it grows older it will probably 
grow wiser, and so become a healthy, 
hearty, vigorous and inspiring element in 
our American life. The Government at 
Washington should be curtailed, not en¬ 
larged. A President is nothing more than 
the people’s servant. If he is ever allowed 
to become their master you may as well 
order a tombstone, for our liberties will 
languish and die. The Alliance folk must 
come round to that basis before they can 
stand firm.— New York Herald. 
eUaneoujs jumping. 
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advertisers. 
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O 
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any one who asked 
counsel in choice that 
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choice among its 
compeers, and fa¬ 
vored in my family.. 
I do think that when 
people are in any way 
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Complete, and bound 
together, it is a little 
library, a treasure for 
a household.” 
luxuriously illustrated and represents what is best in American 
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we will send the Magazine from October, 1S90, to March, 1891, 
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and more by those readers who spend more of their time, as I do, in a country town. 
They cannot help looking for its coming, month by month ; as if it were an entertaining 
guest certain to have a store of pleasant suggestions and amusement.” 
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