i89o 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
885 
Business. 
BOYS, SAVE YOUR WAGES! 
Why and How. From Personal Experience. 
C. E. CHAPMAN. 
What you lack is the habit of saving. Being young and 
strong you enjoy working, and the dread of hard labor 
does not now lead you to seek some way of escaping it; 
but when you get old it will. In good health, and with 
your present wants supplied, you are careless and do not 
know the worth of money. Should you have the misfor¬ 
tune to break your leg, or have an attack of fever, do you 
want to be dependent on the charities of others ? No man 
can go through this world without more or less help from 
others, and he should provide for repayment. In every 
neighborhood are men with families, who are struggling 
for the bare necessaries of life. Hard, incessant labor, to 
keep from starving, made doubly hard by the fact that the 
straggle is hopeless; children ill clad and neglected—do 
you relish the idea of taking their place? 
“I won’t get married—I can always take care of myself!” 
Foolish words! By-and-bye will come the inevitable 
woman who will be more to you than a selfish idea of self, 
more than future prospects, more than life itself, and you 
will take her. Think you a few thousands will not be 
handy to have then? Learn from the experience of others. 
Look at the men 20, 30 and 40 years older than yourself, 
and make up your mind which one of them represents the 
condition you would like to be in at that age, and lay your 
plan, now, to ‘‘get there.” 
Show me a young man who has saved a thousand, and I 
will guarantee he will save more, not because he has the 
money, but because he has the discipline and the deter¬ 
mination gained in accomplishing his object. The first 
thousand always comes the hardest, from a lack of plan, 
appreciation of worth, and necessity; but a young man 
who has acquired the habit of saving, formed his plans, 
got a good, helping wife and invested his savings in a good 
farm, may be in debt, but he is on the sure road to com¬ 
petency. Any one would like to loan him money. 
I would advise you to open an account with a savings 
bank, have a bank book, learn to do business, take an in¬ 
terest in seeing the credit side grow, and in a little while 
you can buy a good town, county or municipal bond. 
Commence again at the bank and soon buy another. By* 
and by when some farm mortgage is offered, you can trade 
your bonds for it and let it work while you sleep. 
If you have to run in debt a little, all the better. Some 
people can make money only by getting in debt; then 
necessity compels them. If such is your case, you can take 
out an endowment life insurance policy. The premiums 
can be paid quarterly, and cease at 10, 15, or 20 years. 
The best companies now agree to pay a cash sum at the 
end of the time. It makes an investment equal to about 
four per cent. Money can be borrowed on the policy. The 
premiums would compel you to lay aside enough each 
quarter to meet them. After the third payment, if you 
should desire to buy a place, you can borrow money on 
the policy. Saving and loan associations are as yet in an 
experimental stage as far as I can learn, and seem to offer 
too much for what they ask. For $100 cash down, you re¬ 
ceive a $200 share due in years, or 11 per cent interest 
per year. If this amount were guaranteed and secured by 
substantial indorsement, all of the shares could be sold in 
a week and there would be no necessity to pay agents to 
solicit patronage. [Any concern that offers such alluring 
inducements to investors should be left severely alone. 
However quasi-respectable may be the figure-heads con¬ 
nected with it, they are swindlers of the same kind as the 
numerous "blind poolers” exposed in our columns.—Eus.] 
Another form is to borrow money upon real estate, and 
pay for it in weekly or small payments. In this case you 
pay a premium of $20 and six per cent interest; also fees 
for abstract, title and mortgage, making the share of 
$200 cost you §240 and interest, which makes a very costly 
investment. If none of these ways are open to you, go to 
some well-to-do, honest business farmer, and pay him for 
investing your money. There are men in every neighbor¬ 
hood who are not “ cutting a swell,” speculating, or en¬ 
dangering their prospects in any way, who have money of 
their own to invest, that will take care of it for you at a 
slight cost. State to them clearly your case, do as you 
agree with them, study every move they make with your 
money, take receipts, and you will soon be a business man 
yourself with rneaup, and ability to take care of them. 
Loaning and properly caring for money require skill, abil¬ 
ity aud personal interest. The Grange is composed largely 
of farmers without financial training, for the purpose of 
social advantages to which was added fire insurance, which 
requires no special training. To handle mouey success¬ 
fully they would be obliged to open a place of business, 
come under the law, hire men, aud become responsible for 
the mouey. How would all this differ from a savings 
bank ? 
"STERILIZING” MILK AND CREAM. 
For some time past The R. N.-Y. has been talking about 
bottling hot milk and cream so as to add to its life, just as 
canning or preserving lengthens the life of fruits or vege 
tables. Some of our experiment stations are testing the 
matter of preparing the milk, and we hope they will soon 
tell us the best way to "sterilize.” In the meantime, 
some of our enterprising dairymen have been experiment¬ 
ing a little for themselves, in the hope of developing a 
special market. Last week we found the following an¬ 
nouncement in a paper printed at Portage, Wis.: 
" The ‘Carey Farm ’ dairy, owned by A. J. Emerton, is 
furnishing a goodly number of families of Portage with 
cream which is put through a process which permits it to 
keep seven days without souring. It is an excellent 
article, and every family w r ho can indulge in the luxury of 
cream for coffee, and other articles which are necessary to 
be seasoned with cream to make them perfect for use, 
should not fail to patronize Mr. Emerton. For Thanks¬ 
giving use a quantity has been placed at Mr. -’s 
grocery for sale, and any desiring to test its excellence can 
there find it. From one who has used the article we have 
it ‘ that it is as good at the end of the seventh day as the 
first day, and is the best of cream.’ ” 
Mr. Emerton sends us the following characteristic report 
of his experiment: 
Hope, Fear and Disappointment of Sterilized 
Milk. 
“ The Rural New-Yorker wishes to know all that we 
feel fft liberty to tell concerning ‘sterilized cream.’ Well, 
all we feel at liberty to tell is just about the sum total of 
all our hopes, fears and disappointments for some months 
past; in fact, ever since we saw in The Rural an editorial 
which told how a passenger in crossing the Atlantic en¬ 
joyed fresh sterilized cream every day, and asked why 
some dairymen in this country did not try it and not let 
our English cousins take all the cake. But we found the 
cake was very hard to bake, and have discovered that in. 
stead of realizing the small fortune promised us by The 
Rural, we are sinking bottles enough to make one. At 
present we put up the cream, with some modifications, 
according to Dr. Starr’s method as described by Dr. Groff in 
a late Rural —see page 792. The cream has been tried by 
disinterested parties who have used some of it every day 
and it has proved as good at the end of the week as at the 
beginning. We have been to some expense in giving away 
samples of the bottled cream until the people found out 
what we had, and we have been standing all breakages 
and been generally good natured, thinking what jolly 
times we would have when our fortune was made, as 
promised by The Rural, our guide in all farm topics.” 
The R. N.-Y. believes now, as it always has believed, 
that there is money in this business. It will cost consid¬ 
erable to work up a trade, but we are confident that all 
expenses will come back with interest. Mr. Emerton de¬ 
serves credit for testing the matter. 
IMPLEMENT NOTES. 
Wagon Brakes. 
The following facts are sent us by the makers of the 
wagons named below : 
The Champion Wagon.— The wagon-brake most 
called for by our trade is what we call a "gear and body 
brake,” that is, the brake is hung from the hounds, the 
rubber-blocks touching the wheels just below their center. 
This brake is worked by a lever attached to the side of the 
box when the latter is used, or when the box is taken off; 
it can be easily worked either by rope or long lever. What 
is called the ordinary body-brake can be used only when 
the box is on. 
The Mitchell Wagon.— We have most call for our box 
brake or a brake that is hung from the wagon box. The 
kind of brake needed, however, depends upon the char¬ 
acter of the section in which it is used. Where wagons 
are used in mountainous sections, a heavier brake is re¬ 
quired. If hung from the gear the brake can be put on 
and taken off without the bed being on the wagon. The 
width of tire does not materially affect either the price or 
service of the brake. The cost of the brakes varies from 
$2 50 to $20. 
The Weber Wagon. —We use three different kinds of 
brakes, viz , bed. gear and Oregon. The first is used in 
the prairie States, the second in the States that are quite 
hilly, and the third for the mountain country. About 
two-thirds of our wagons are sent out with brakes, and 
three-fourths of this number have bed brakes. About one- 
half of the rest have gear brakes, and the other half 
Oregon brakes. In regard to ratchets, we use mainly the 
Hurlbut ratchet for bed brakes, and the old fashioned 
wrought-iron ratchet that we make ourselves for gear and 
Oregon brakes As to the cost, we charge dealers $2.50 for 
bed brakes. $4 50 for gear brakes, and from $7 to $10 for 
Oregon brakes. As to these brakes being more serviceable 
when used on wide-tired wagons, the only parts that are 
liable to wear out are the rub blocks. They undoubtedly 
would not wear out quite so fast on a wide-tired as on a 
narrow-tired wagon. _ 
Paper Horseshoe. —It is stated that the German 
Government is to substitute for the iron horseshoe a com¬ 
pressed paper shoe, for which it is claimed that, in addi¬ 
tion to elasticity, it has the valuable property of being 
insensible to the action of water and stable liquids. The 
following are some details of the new system of shoeing. 
The new shoe consists of leaves of parchmented paper, 
rendered impermeable by means of oil of turpentine, 
strongly stuck together by a special mixture (mixture of 
Venice turpentine, whiting, lacquer, and litharged linseed 
oil). These leaves of paper are then shaped by means of a 
stamp. The shoe is afterwards subjected to strong hydrau¬ 
lic pressure, and, when dry, is finished with the file. Use 
is also made of a paper paste, mixed with sand, turpen¬ 
tine, lacquer, linseed oil and litharge, which is pressed 
into molds, so as to obtain, after drying, a perfectly homo¬ 
geneous and impermeable mass. But experience has 
proved that the horseshoe thus prepared is less tenacious 
aud less elastic than that made with superimposed leaves 
of paper. Both, however, may be put on either with nails 
or by means of a paste made of mineral tar oi india rubber. 
Mexican Patent Law.— We learn from the Farm Im¬ 
plement News that Mexico has passed a new patent law. 
Under the former law a Mexican patent could only be 
secured by a special act of the legislature, and fees without 
number were required. By the terms of the new law any 
person, native or foreign, may obtain a patent for the term 
of 20 years, with privileges of extension for five additional 
years. The official fees for the first term vary from $50 to 
$150. The invention must be worked, or all necessary steps 
taken to work it, within five years from the date of the 
patent. No official examination or guarantee is made 
respecting the novelty of the invention or the sufficiency 
of the specifications. Patents will be granted for inventions 
already patented in other countries, but the term of the 
Mexican patent must expire in such cases with the expira¬ 
tion of the first foreign patent. Patentees have the exclu¬ 
sive right for one year after the issue of a patent to file 
supplementary applications for improvements on the 
original patent. The government reserves the right, on 
payment of fair indemnity, to appropriate any invention 
for the public use, on the ground of national expediency, 
or for the reason that the patented article is of such a 
nature that its free use would be an important source of 
public wealth. 
TWO NEW PATENTS. 
Corn Harvester. —Since the discovery that corn can be 
cut or sliced down by a sled with sharp knives at the sides, 
inventors have rushed to try to add to the value of this 
simple machine. We show, at Fig. 434, a newly patented 
device, the feature of which is the hinged wing for the 
knife blades. The picture needs little explanation. The 
A Corn-Cutting Machine. Fig. 4-34. 
“ machine ” is simply a sled with broad, heavy runners, 
and a bed wide enough to run between two rows of corn. 
At the sides are sharp knives placed as shown in the pic¬ 
ture and fastened to boards which are hinged to the bed 
so that they can be turned up or let down at will. This 
sled is drawn through the field, cutting off two rows as it 
goes, two men riding on the sled and pulling in the corn 
as it is cut off. When not in use the knives are turned up 
out of harm’s way. 
A Floating Harrow.—T he device shown at Fig. 435 
has just been patented. It really represents a combined 
harrow, pulverizer and roller. The wheel-shaped harrow 
Harrow, Crusher and Roller. Fig. 435. 
in front turns around on its track so that the teeth not 
only scrape through the soil, but turn and grind it up, 
while the light rollers following firm the soil. 
ON A COLORADO RANCH. 
PRAIRIE SKETCHES. 
S. E. HOWARD. 
(Concluded from page S42.) 
In the evenings I had time to talk with Dan and learn 
something of his life. Finding that I was really Inter¬ 
ested in him and his family, he talked very freely. 
“ Father and mother came to this country when I was a 
baby, 20 years ago. When father died, mother had a 
dreadful hard time with four children to take care of and 
not much to do it with. She couldn’t make a living on 
our claim, so she raised what money she could on it, and 
moved into town where she could get work and the 
children could go to school. I earned considerable for a 
boy when I was 10 years old, herding sheep or cattle just 
as I could get a chance. All the time I was learning to 
ride, aud to know the country, and to read brands, so now 
I can get big wages.” 
“ Wouldn’t you have chosen to go to school or to learn a 
trade instead of what you are doing ? ” I asked. 
“ Yes, I should have liked to do both, but I couldn’t you 
see, I had my family to care for. Mother needs all I can 
earn. I don’t spend a cent for myself that I can save. I 
never went to school much, but I mean the kids shall go. 
I want my sister to be a teacher ; she is working hard for 
it now.” 
"Isn’t your work dangerous as well as hard ? ” 
"Yes m’m, it is; every year some one is killed by his 
horse falling on him, or else his bones are broken before 
the round up is over.” 
“ Don’t you think it would be better for you to take up 
some safer work ? What would become of your family if 
you were killed or disabled ? ” 
Dan looked troubled: 
" I have thought of that, too; but I can’t earn half as 
