1896 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
WHERE DOES A COW KEEP HER MILK ? 
A subscriber in New York State sends this ques¬ 
tion, which is one that has puzzled many a dairyman : 
When a cow gives 12 quarts of milk at a milking, where, just 
before milking, is most of the milk stored ? 
Prof. I. P. Roberts gives the following explanation : 
Cows, probably, make some milk while being 
milked, but the larger part of what they produce is 
stored in the udder until it is drawn. I have just 
measured the circumference of the udder of a Jersey 
and of a Holstein cow. The former is three feet and 
the latter four feet, four inches. The visible vertical 
height in the first case was nine inches and in the 
second 13. When the udder is distended, without 
doubt, a part of the udder is pushed up beyond a line 
drawn horizontally intersecting the abdomen where 
the udder is attached to it. 
If we assume that these udders were perfect cylin¬ 
ders, and that the udder above the line described 
would make up for the deficiency in the perfect cylin¬ 
drical form at the lower end of the udder, we would 
have the following capacities : The udder of the 
Jersey, if it were not filled up with the membranes, 
would have a capacity, in round numbers, of 1(5 
quarts ; that of the Holstein 48 quarts. The Jersey 
is giving 6.4 quarts at a milking, while the Holstein 
is giving 16.2 quarts at a milking. 
From the above, it will be seen that the milk really 
occupies about one-third of the udder. This allows 
two-thirds of it to be filled with tissue. It may 
not be generally known that this tissue is divided 
into many compartments, at the lower end of which 
muscles are arranged something like the puckering 
string in a purse. The cow has control over these 
“ purse strings” and may, to a certain extent, close or 
relax them. It will be seen how necessary it is to 
keep the cow in good humor when milking, in order 
that the “purse strings” may be loosened and the milk 
allowed to flow freely from the smaller reservoirs in 
the upper part of the udder into the larger ones just 
above the teats. 
A BATCH OF CONNECTICUT NOTES. 
Fertilizer men in Connecticut are not selling as 
much fertilizer this season as usual, and so the farmer 
who buys for cash can, if he is "hrewd, buy for lower 
prices than ever before. Home mixing is gaining in 
favor in spite of the endeavor of many manufacturers 
to kill the business. We have yet to find a man who 
has used brains in his mixture, who goes back to 
factory-mixed goods. Manufacturers talk plausible 
theories against home mixing, but haven’t facts to 
back them up. Home mixing is surely an educator 
and a money-saver. I use high-grade chemicals, and 
save from $7 to $8 per ton over the same grade of 
factory goods sold at wholesale prices. Some farmers 
make the mistake of buying cheap chemicals. Part I. 
of the Annual Report of the Connecticut Experiment 
Station for 1895, will interest, and pay for careful 
study, the man who is interested in fertilizers. 
Dr. Jenkins, at a recent farmers’ institute, stated 
that there was being offered for sale in Hartford, for 
March delivery, cotton-seed meal that is a fraud. The 
hulls are finely pulverized and mixed with the meal so 
as to deceive the ordinary purchaser. This meal sells 
for about 75 cents per ton under prime meal, but is 
worth only about two-thirds as much as ordinary 
meal. 
Seedsmen’s catalogues describe many kinds of pota¬ 
toes as of varying quality, from fine to fair. I believe 
that it is in the power of man to determine the quality 
of a potato. It is dependent on soil, manner of plant¬ 
ing and fertilizer. I believe that I can take any 
potato and, by growing it one, or at the most, two 
years, make it of satisfactory quality, or by varying 
the conditions, make it unfit for human use. The 
Maggie Murphy, that immense yielder of large pota¬ 
toes, is often set down as of poor quality. I have 
them weighing two pounds, that are as mealy and 
nice as can be asked for by any epicure. 
Why farmers do not more often use plaster as a 
deodorizer and an absorbent for stable uses, is a puz¬ 
zling question. It may be bought at the factory from 
$4 to $5 per ton, plus freight, and the escaping ammo¬ 
nia caught, will more than pay for the plaster, besides 
helping to keep stables sweet, healthful and clean. A 
large handful per cow per day is sufficient. 
I shall not feed any more cotton-seed meal to the 
calves. I went on the theory that what was good for 
the cow, was for the calf, and that I ought to get her 
trained for her ration early. So a small allowance of 
the grain, equal parts cotton-seed meal, gluten feed 
and wheat bran, was given them once a day ; but three 
dying within two days, and so quickly that medicine 
did not seem to avail, stopped that feed immediately. 
Grain was never so cheap before in this locality, and 
many farmers are laying in stocks for the future. 
Three years ago, I began keeping a daily record of 
each cow’s product. I was milking 36, and soon found 
six that were not paying their keep ; I had been 
guessing before. They went for beef, and we were 
soon getting more from the 30 than previously from 
the 36. It is but little trouble to weigh ; we use a 
double-pointer scale. It pays in dollars and satisfac¬ 
tion. n. G. MANCHESTER. 
KILLING FILLED CHEESE. 
A bill “ defining cheese and filled cheese, ‘and im¬ 
posing a tax upon, and regulating the manufacture, 
sale, importation, and exportation of filled cheese,’ ” 
was introduced in the House of Representatives by 
Congressman Wilber, of New York State, the last of 
January. It defines filled cheese as made of milk or 
skim-milk with the admixture of butter, animal oils 
or fats, vegetable or any other oils or compounds 
foreign to such milk, and not the usual product of the 
dairy, and made in imitation or semblance of cheese. 
It imposes special taxes upon the business: upon 
every factory, $600 per annum ; upon every wholesale 
dealer, $360 per annum ; upon every retail dealer, $48 
per annum. The penalties for doing business without 
paying the tax, are collection of the tax, and besides, 
a fine of not less than $1,000 and not more than $5,000 
for manufacturers ; not less than $500 or more than 
$2,000 for wholesalers ; not less than $100 or more 
than $1,000 for retailers, for each and every offense. 
Manufacturers are subject to such rules and regula¬ 
tions as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue may 
require and the Secretary of the Treasury approve, 
and shall give bonds of not less than $5,000. Such 
cheese shall be packed in wooden packages only, 
which shall be stamped, as shall the cheese, top, 
bottom and sides in four places, in black-faced letters 
of not less than one inch in length, with the words 
“ filled cheese,” and also a statement showing the per 
cent of foreign fats or oils contained in the compound 
from which the cheese is made. Retailers must sell 
only from original stamped packages in quantities 
of not less than 10 pounds, in packages also branded 
“ filled cheese.” A retailer must also display a sign in 
large letters, “ filled cheese.” A tax of one cent per 
pound is also imposed. All imported filled cheese 
shall be taxed 15 cents per pound. Other bills defin¬ 
ing “ filled cheese,” have been introduced, and a sub¬ 
i83 
committee of the Ways and Means Committee having 
all these in charge, have agreed to report a measure 
to the full committee to carry out the different 
measures on the subject. It will be offered as a sub¬ 
stitute, and will extend the provisions of the oleomar¬ 
garine law to this product. It has been clearly shown 
that the dairy interests, especially of the West and 
Northwest, have been severely injured by the trade 
in filled cheese which has not been sold under its true 
name, and not only every honest dairyman, but every 
consumer as well, should be interested enough in this 
subject to enforce upon his Congressman, the fact of 
the importance of this measure. Now is the time 
to act! 
Free plant distribution, a new departure in horti¬ 
cultural work, was introduced by the Wisconsin 
Horticultural Society five years since. The society 
agrees to furnish any pupil in the public schools 
of that State, six strawberry or three raspberry 
plants, or two spruce trees, upon the receipt of five 
cents and the promise to report on the condition of 
the plants the following autumn. Over 4,000 children 
took advantage of the offer last year. This strikes 
The R. N.-Y. as an excellent thing. Who is the 
public-spirited citizen right in your school district, 
who will start just such a local distribution ? 
BUSINESS BITS. 
The important part of a fence is the post. It is desirable to have 
a post that will not decay; also one that will firmly support the 
fence proper. The Anchor Post Co., 13 Cortland Street, New York, 
has succeeded in producing such a post. Send for the farm 
circular. 
Davis Bros., Washington, N. J., will send free to any address 
their handsome illustrated poultry catalogue. This firm has 
gained an enviable reputation as breeders of fine, purebred poul¬ 
try, having 20 varieties of the most popular breeds, among them 
six new buff kinds. 
A Western stove concern has been sending stoves through the 
country on wagons, and selling them at high prices to farmers on 
time notes. The price and conditions in the note are not always 
the price and conditions agreed upon with the agent. Don't sign 
any of these notes without carefully reading them, if at all. 
Have you stumps on your laud ? If so, you know what a nuis¬ 
ance they are, and the value of the land they occupy. Just write 
Milne Mfg. Company, 250 8th Street, Monmouth, Ill., for catalogue 
of stump and grubbing machines. Even though you don’t buy 
the machine, you want to know how to get rid of those stumps. 
The Wheelbarrow grass seeder saves many a tired back. There 
are four different styles made—so as to fit the requirements of 
every one. Seed may be sown either mixed or separate. O. E. 
Thompson & Sons, 17 River Street, Ypsilanti, Mich., the manufac¬ 
turers, will send nicely illustrated descriptive circular on appli¬ 
cation. 
We do not look for such low prices for potatoes of the next 
season’s crop, but we have every reason to believe that the bugs 
will be out in great force. We want no free trade in bugs. Puton 
a prohibitive tariff of Paris-green. Thomas Peppier, Hights- 
towu, N. J., has a sprayer that fills such a tariff bill. He can 
sell you a two-row sprinkler or a pump machine that will cover 
30 acres in a day ! 
It has been proved, over and over again, that water in the stable 
just where milch cows can get at it when wanted, will pay for the 
expense of providing it every three months, in the extra supply 
of milk. Buckley’s Improved Watering Device furnishes a con¬ 
stant supply of water, and is so constructed that it can be readily 
cleaned without fouling the supply pipe in any way. Send to C. 
E. Buckley & Co., Dover Plains, N. Y., for fuller description. 
Plants suffer more from too much water or too little moisture, 
than from lack of plant food. When they suffer from too much 
water at one season, they are sure to suffer for moisture in an¬ 
other season. Draining takes away the surplus water. Frequent 
cultivation will conserve moisture. “ Benefits of Draining and 
How to Drain” is the title of a little pamphlet published by John 
II. Jackson, Albany, N. Y. It contains some most valuable in¬ 
formation on the subject, and as it is sent free, you may have it 
for the asking. Of course, the object is to advertise Mr. Jackson’s 
tile and tile goods, but the information is no less valuable on that 
account, and his goods are unexcelled. 
CREAM SEPARATOR INFRINGERS. 
Some of our correspondents call our attention to the fact that 
certain infringers of the De Laval Patent Rights deny that their 
machines infringe such Patents, and are now talking of “ protection” 
to buyers. Certainly nobody can have expected these infringers to 
acknowledge publicly that their imitations of the De Laval machines 
do infringe our Patents. 
Infringers Already Enjoined. 
That could scarcely be expected of such infringers, notwith¬ 
standing that some of their own agents and representatives—and 
many of the unfortunate buyers of their machines—have already 
been perpetually enjoined from the further use of same. Concerns 
which have long opposed the advance of centrifugal separation, in the 
selfish manufacture of impractical gravity setting apparatus, and then 
when forced to abandon same, have turned round and brazenly at¬ 
tempted to appropriate the just and lawful Patent Rights and invested 
interests of another, are no better in any sense than those who would 
take anything else of value, and no more to be trusted by any one. 
Avail of Offers of Protection. 
If these offers of “ protection ” are made in good faith, users of 
such infringing machines will do well to immediately avail them¬ 
selves of same, and they should in self-safety demand a Bond given 
and secured by the indorsement and guarantee of some mink or o ther 
responsible persons in their own County and btate, since it is sale 
to assume that such intringing manufacturers, whose actual financial 
responsibility is at best limited and doubtful, will in the near future 
have all they can well provide for in the shape of direct damages on 
their own account, and advertising guarantees are of absolutely no 
actual value to any one. 
Further Caution. 
That no infringing maker, agent, dealer, or user can have reason 
to complain at the possible outcome of such further proceedings as 
are pending and as may be necessary in protecting and maintaining 
our just and lawful Patent rights and business interests, due and 
repeated caution is again given in this respect. 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. ° eaeral 0 fflce ^ i: e ™TJr^ T ' NEW Y0RK 
