5o6 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
July 25 
SIMPLE SCIENTIFIC TERMS. 
“ MUSCLE-MAKERS” VS. “ PKOTEIN.” 
In The R. N -Y. of May 2, you ask 
your scientific friends why the terms 
“fat-formers” and “muscle-makers” 
should not be used instead of “ protein” 
and “carbohydrates.” I am not a scien¬ 
tific man, but I am studying scientific 
agriculture. I have been a practical 
farmer. Being at the present time in a 
position between the two, perhaps 1 
look at this question in a more impartial 
manner than if I were either one or the 
other ; hence 1 trust that I may be par¬ 
doned if I make a few remarks on the 
subject. 
When commencing to study any of the 
sciences, the beginner is always con¬ 
fronted by a large number of scientific 
terms which are hard to learn, and it 
seems as though some simpler words 
could be used instead. For instance, in 
botany, we find the stem of a certain 
plant to be “ terrete” when it is round, 
“glabrous” when it is smooth, “scab¬ 
rous” when scaly. In these cases, it 
seems as though the simpler terms might 
be used, because more readily under¬ 
stood, and it would lead to no confusion, 
as “round,” “smooth,” “scaly” are just 
as correct as “ terrete,” “ glabrous,” 
“ scabrous.” 
I am always in favor of substituting 
simple words for words more difficult to 
understand whenever it can be done 
without losing anything in precision of 
meaning. But when we substitute “fat- 
formers” for “carbohydrates” or “muscle- 
makers” for “ protein,” there is liable to 
be some confusion in regard to under¬ 
standing what the real character of the 
substance is. Why were the terms pro¬ 
tein and carbohydrates ever used ? Be¬ 
cause they express the exact meaning 
of the chemical composition of the sub¬ 
stance named ; namely, that carbohy¬ 
drates contain carbon, oxygen and 
hydrogen and that protein is a complex 
organic compound which contains a 
large proportion of nitrogen. Hence, 
these terms are used to express their 
composition without regard to the use to 
which they may be put. It is a correct 
use of the words. 
We can call sugar and starch “ carbo¬ 
hydrates,” and use them for any pur¬ 
pose that we wish, but to call them fat- 
formers, would not be correct unless 
they were actually to be made into fat. 
A large part of the sugar and starch 
eaten by a healthy animal would, prob¬ 
ably, be made into fat, but not all, as 
some part would go to make up other 
parts of the body than fat, and a part 
might not be assimilated at all, but pass 
out of the body as waste. 
A cow, besides being composed of 
muscle and fat alone, has hair, skin, 
bones, hoofs, the majority of them have 
horns, and should give milk 10 months 
out of the 12. If we feed the cow “fat- 
formers” and “muscle-makers,” we must 
also feed “ hair-formers,” “ hoof-mak¬ 
ers,” “horn-producers,” “bone-creators,” 
“ milk-constitutors,” etc. 
“ When a shoe manufacturer buys 
leather, he does not buy “ vamp-mak¬ 
ers,” “ top-formers,” “ back-producers,” 
etc.; but he buys the different kinds of 
leather as calf, split, buff, kangaroo, 
etc., the name implying the quality of 
the leather without regard to the use he 
is to make of it. He may buy a hide of 
buff because he wishes to make some 
vamps; it would not be correct to ask 
for “vamp-creators,” because after cut¬ 
ting out his vamps, the rest would be 
made into backs, fronts, tips, etc. When 
we feed a cow with carbohydrates, most 
of them will be formed into fat, of the 
remainder some will go to make up 
other parts of the body, and a portion 
will pass out as waste. “Carbohydrates” 
would be a correct term to use, because 
it expresses the character of the ma¬ 
terial ; “ fat-formers ” would not be cor¬ 
rect. because the material is not com¬ 
posed of fat, neither would it be likely 
that all of it would be changed to fat. 
I object also to the latter part of the 
words, viz.: “Former,” “maker,” etc. 
A “maker” is “ one who makes” or a 
“ thing which makes.” A “shoemaker” 
is “ one who makes shoes ” and when 
we speak of “ muscle-maker ” it might 
be inferred that it is “ one who makes 
muscle ” or a “ thing which makes 
muscle ;” i. e. which does the making, 
but is not a part of the material out of 
which the muscle is made. Also a 
“former” is “one who forms.” The 
digestive organs are the muscle-makers 
and fat-formers. 
The simplest words that express our 
meaning correctly should be used. Can 
we use “fat-former” and “muscle- 
maker ” instead of “ carbohydrate ” and 
“ protein ” without sacrificing correct¬ 
ness ? In other words, should correct¬ 
ness be set aside for the sake of sim¬ 
plicity ? ELISHA W. MORSE. 
Massachusetts. 
R. N.-Y.—We are obliged to our friend 
for his explanation. Our view 7 is simply 
that many would sufficiently understand 
the simpler words that would not take 
the pains to understand the more accu¬ 
rate terms at all. 
Live Stock Matters 
AILING ANIMALS , 
ANSWERS BY I)R. F. L. KILBOBNK. 
Hoven or Bloat in Cows. 
Can any one tell us from tlie following meager 
description, what killed our cows? Yesterday, 
after having been milked, they were turned out to 
pasture about 7 a. m.; at 2 r. m., our farmer came 
in to tell me that one was dead. He told me that 
the cow was, apparently, perfectly well when 
turned out; she was pasturing where they have 
been pastured for years, on fenced prairie land. 
When I saw her, she was terribly bloated, blood 
had run from ears, nose and eyes, one eye being 
forced from its socket, and her anus and vagina 
were widely distended. To-day, my neighbor 
came to tell me that one of his cows, turned out, 
apparently well, this morning, had started to act 
uneasily at about 11:30 A. M., and had died at 1 
p. m. When I saw her at 2 o’clock, she presented 
a similar appearance to the one of our own that 
died yesterday. We cut her open, and found that 
all the grass in her stomach was in a state of 
lively fermentation, giving out quantities of gas 
from time to time. In one of the ventricles of the 
heart w as a large clot of coagulated blood. In 
his pasture and in mine, there is a tract of land 
that has been broken and allowed to go back. We 
figured it out that the cows must have taken some 
poisonous weed. We have had fine rains, and 
the pasture is rich and heavy. r. u. m. 
Rosebud, S. D. 
The cows, evidently, died from hoven 
or bloat—a distension of the rumen or 
first stomach with gas. There is noth¬ 
ing in the description upon which I can 
base an opinion as to the probable cause 
of the bloating. Cattle, when first turned 
on to rich pasture, especially in spring, or 
from eating grass or clover covered with 
dew, rain, or frost,are liable to suffer from 
bloat. Grass or other green food, when 
eaten too greedily, is also liable to result 
in fermentation. Potatoes, turnips and 
cabbage frequently cause hoven. In fact, 
any food, or excess of food, which causes 
indigestion, is liable to result in fer¬ 
mentation and bloating. 
When first discovered, urgent cases 
should be immediately punctured with 
the trocar ; or in the absence of the 
trocar, with any sharp, long-bladed 
knife, and the gas allowed to escape 
through a quill or other small tube. The 
puncture should be made on the left 
side, at a point equally distant from the 
last rib, the transverse processes of the 
lumbar vertebrae, and the point of the 
hip. In less urgent cases, or after the 
puncture, two or three ounces of oil of 
turpentine well shaken up in a pint of 
raw linseed oil, will usually afford re¬ 
lief. Two-ounce doses of the aromatic 
(Continued on next page.) 
IN writing to advertisers, please always mention 
The rural New-Yorker. 
RED CEDAR 
SILOS 
will last a lifetime. Labor, Bands and setting up cost 
no more in Cedar than in poorest material. 
WILLIAMS MFG. CO., Kalamazoo, Mich. 
SALE OFFICES: 
i Murray St., New York. 36 So. Market St,, Boston- 
321 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa, 
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If you want an Ensilage Outfit that will work, 
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strictly right. 1896 Catalogue free. 
THE E. W. ROSS COMPANY, 
SPRINGFIELD, OniO 
THE BALDWIN 
111 
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at the Head. 
ENSILAGE GUTTER. 
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BELCHER & TAYLOR A'G'L TOOL CO., 
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ENGINES, 
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THRASHING MACHINES. 
Best Machinery at Lowest Prices. 
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SEPARATOR and POWERS 
for 1, 2, A 3 horses, with governor, either lev-' 
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THE NEW 
DOCTOR BAILEY 
iil!li;;ill]liill!nnilffllll!]1111llllllii^^ ■ 
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CUTTER. 
and Dry Forage. 
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hi Send for circulars 
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HAVE YOU GOT OUR, CAT- 
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Gasoline Traction Engines Comb’d Engines 
and Pumps Gasoline Portable Engines 
Anyplace 
IQPfl By any one 
U O U U For any purpose 
Charter Gas Engine Co., P.O Box 26. Sterling, 111 
The 
ti 
SMALLEY 
99 
Our 
Silo 
Outfit 
at Work._ 
)nr “family” comprises for ’96, Ensilage and Fod- 
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odder product—its market and feeding value and 
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ENSILAGE AND 
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CORN CRUSHERS 
and CORN 
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New and Best, with 
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Bowling Green, Ky. 
i nrpQ Dnu/oro land 2-horse, Level Tread, Double 
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BENCH BUHR MILLS _ 
1 sizes and styles. Every mill warranted. 
For All Kinds of Grinding. , 
boy can operate and keep in 
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nd sample meal FREE. 
AH kind, mill machinery. Flour 
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Reduced Prices for’96. 
ORDYKE & MARMON C0„ 
70 Day Street, 
Indianapolis, I nd. 
THE KIND YOU WANT 
There are no better 
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Go down from 10 to2,500 ft. Three 
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Our Direct 
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PERKINS WIND MILL CO. 9 Race St.MISH AWAKA, INC. J 
1854—Established 43 Years—1896 
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Old Reliable 
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Send For Catalogue. 
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118 "Water St., Batavia, Ill. 
W IND POWER 
1■ may b© turned to pood account by 
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GOODHUE WIND MILLS 
may_ 
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